Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika

Ifatiye ku ngingo ngenderwako z'uburimyi buramba bwa Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN))

Gushimira Iyi mfashanyigisho yanditswe, ihindurwa mu Kirundi iva mu ururimi rw'Icongereza, isohorwa kumfashanyo y'amafaranga ya : Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH), Flemish Authorities (FICA), Tata Global Beverages, Unilever Plc., Taylors of Harrogate, DFID-UK Aid na Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund.

Yashoboye gukorwa kubera ugufashanya kwa Africa Now, Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) na Ethical Tea Partnership.

Umwanditsi: Reiko Enomoto, Technical Capacity Manager, Sustainable Agriculture Division, Rainforest Alliance Umugenduzi w'ubuhinga: Winnie Mwaniki, Regional Projects Manager, Rainforest Alliance Abatosoye n'intererano y'ubuhinga: Marc Monsarrat, Manager (East Africa & South Asia), Rainforest Alliance Kathrin Resak, Technical Coordinator (Africa & Asia), Rainforest Alliance Sylvia Rutatina, Rainforest Alliance Tanzania Coordinator Washington Ndwiga, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner Africa Mark Omondi, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner Africa Jane Nyambura, Regional Manager, Partner Africa Peter Mbadi, Project Manager, KTDA Alfrick Sang, Sustainable Agriculture Coordinator, KTDA Dr. F. N. Wachira, Director, Tea Research Foundation of Kenya Gabriel Tuei, Unilever Kenya Zakaria Mitei, Unilever Kenya Livingstone Sambai, Unilever Kenya Jagjeet Kandal, Unilever Mark Birch, Unilever Ria Kearney, Tata Global Beverages Sebastian Michaelis, Tata Global Beverages Sarah Roberts, Ethical Tea Partnership Joseph Wagurah, Ethical Tea Partnership Abafashe amasanamu Reiko Enomoto, Rainforest Alliance Kathrin Resak, Rainforest Alliance Winnie Mwaniki, Rainforest Alliance Washington Ndwiga, Partner Africa Tea Research Foundation of Kenya

© 2013 Rainforest Alliance Nta muntu yemerewe kugira ico ahinduye muri aka gatabu

Intangamarara

Igice ca 1: Uburyo buhinyanyuwe bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika

Igice ca 2: Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi

Igice ca 3: Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda

Igice ca 4: Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima

Igice ca 5: Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga amazi

Igice ca 6: Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga isi

Igice ca 7: Uburyo bwiza bwo kubaho no gukora

Igice ca 8: Ukubungabunga imirima

1

Intangamarara mu nzira ija ku burimyi burama

Intangamarara mu nzira ija ku burimyi burama Icyayi ni kimwe mu biterwa bifise akamaro mu bihugu vyo mu buseruko n'uburaruko vya Afrika kikaba kininjiriza amafaranga adaharurwa ku barimyi bato. Yamara, niba ubuhinga butaramba, bwemerewe kubandanya, bizokwandukiza ibidukikije, bitume amazi n'agataka vyononekara, hanyuma abakirima nabo ntibahabwe agaciro. Kuri izo mvo uburimyi bw'icayi ntibushobora kuramba mu gihe kirekire.

Kugirango umwimbu w'icayi ushobore kuramba igihe kirekire, dusabwa gukorera hamwe mu guteza imbere umwimbu uramba, tugakuraho umwimbu utaramba ku rwego rw'umurimyi muto. Birakenewe cane rero kumenya ko umurimyi wese ategerezwa gufata nkama ubuhinga bwo kurima icayi mu buryo buramba. Ni gute umurimyi muto yorima icayi mu buryo burama? Iyi “mfashanyigisho ku giterwa c'icayi” irerekana ubuhinga bworoshe kandi busanzwe bwo kurima mu buryo buramba igiterwa c'icayi mu matongo y'abarimyi bo mu bihugu vya Afrika Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho bifatiye ku ngingo ngenderwako y'uburimyi Buramba yashizwe ahabona muri Mukakaro 2010 n'irunani rwishinze Uburimyi buramba, “Sustainable Agriculture Network”. Iyi ngingo ngenderwako irimwo ibice bihambaye vy' uburambe. Iyi mfashanyigisho niyo shingiro ku murimyi yipfuza kubona urupapuro rutanzwe na Rainforest Alliance 2

Kugirango uronke urupapuro rwa Rainforest Alliance, umuntu ategerezwa gukwiza ibi bikurikira:

Intangamarara mu nzira ija ku burimyi burama

Ibitegerezwa gukwiza kugirango uronke urwo rupapuro

1. Gukwiza niburiburi 80% y'ingingo zose ( ingingo zose ni 99) 2. Gukwiza 50% muri buri kigabane (ibigabane vyose ni 10) 3. Gukwiza ijana kw'ijana ingingo zose zikomeye zohava zikubuza Ku barimyi bato b'icayi nyinshi muri izi ngingo ntizikoreshwa. Muri iyi mfashanyigisho turashimikira gusa ku ngingo zifitiye akamaro kandi zikoreshwa mu matongo y'abarimyi bato b'icayi. Turabasaba ko mushira ku muzirikanyi ko iyi mfashanyigisho idashimikira ku ngingo zose zijanye n'ingingo ngenderwako z'uburimyi buramba, canke ku burimyi bwerekeye imirima minini minini.

Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho Iyi mfashanyigisho igizwe n'ibice 8 bikurikira, igice cose kigahura n'ibwirizwa ry'ingingo igize uburimyi buramba Igice ca 1: Uburyo buhagije bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Igice ca 5: Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga amazi

Page 4

Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 4

Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 8

Igice ca 2: Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi

Page 10

Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 6

Igice ca 3: Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda

Igice ca 6: Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga isi

Page 22

Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 9

Igice ca 7: Uburyo bwiza bwo kubaho no gukora Page 23

Page 14

Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 5

Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 10

Igice ca 4: Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 2

Page 18

Page 15

Igice ca 8: Ukubungabunga imirima

Page 25

Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 1

3

Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Igice ca 1

Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Ikoreshwa ry'imiti iva mu mahinguriro sibwo buryo bwonyene bwo kurwanya ivyonyi n'indwara. Muri Afrika, Iyo igiti c'icayi gifashwe neza kikaba gifise ubuzima, gitegerezwa kwerekana kwandura guke kw'ivyonyi n'indwara ku buryo bitaba ngombwa gutera imiti iva mu mahinguriro. Iyo umuntu ateye iyo miti yica n'utundi dukoko dusanzwe turya ivyonyi vy'icayi bigatuma rero ivyo vyonyi biguma biba vyinshi mu murima. Muri iki gice, turiga kurwanya ivyonyi n'indwara mu buryo buramba.

Gutera

Gutera ubwoko bw'icayi burobanuwe

Iyo utera igiti gishasha c'icayi, gerageza uhitemwo ubwoko burinda ivyonyi n'indwara nk' umuswa na helopelitis. Ni vyiza gutera ubwoko bw'icayi butandukanye aho gutera bumwe bwonyene gusa. Iyo uteye ubwoko bwinshi, ubwoko bwose butegerezwa guterwa ahabwo kugira ngo ushobore gukurikirana neza umurima wawe. Niba umurima warabanje kwanduzwa n'indwara z'imizi nka “arumilariya”, birashoboka ko iyo ndwara yoba icinyegeje mu mizi y'ibiti bigisigaye. Nico gituma ivyo vyonyi bitegerezwa kuvanwa mu murima hakoreshejwe uburyo “impeta ivanako urukoba” bwo kuvana igikoba ku nkikuro yose y'igiti. Ubu buryo ni ubwo kwica ivyonyi vyose vyinyegeje mu mizi.

Impeta ivanako urukoba

Kubagara Kubagara bitegerezwa gukurikiranwa mu buryo bukurikira, hadakoreshejwe iterwa ry'imiti Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito, canke ibimaze guhimburwa Kugumana ibitanda vyiza ku biti vy'icayi vyakuze Kurandura n'intoke ivyatsi biri mu cayi Gusasira no kugumana ibitanda bikoze neza bibuza urumuri gushika ku butaka, bigatuma ivyatsi bitamera mu cayi.

Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito

Kubagara ukoresheje isuka bishobora gutuma ukomeretsa imizi y'igiti c'icayi. Nico gituma ari vyiza kubagaza intoke. 4

Kubagaza intoke

Gukata icayi

1. Gukata amashami n'amababi arwaye bihagarika uruhererekane rw'ubuzima bw'ivyonyi 2. Gukata vyihutisha kumera kw'amashami n'amababi bisha vy'icayi. 3. Gukata bikurikirana uburebure bw'igiti c'icayi bikorohera umurimyi kucimbura 4. Amashami yakaswe ku giti akoreshwa nk'isaso ry'urusi. Kandi isaso ibuza ivyatsi gukura mu cayi. Isaso ituma urusi rugumana akanovera kandi ikarurinda isuri. Iyo isaso itanguye kubora izanira ifumbire urusi.

Utemye icayi, gikatire hejuru ya centimetero 60 uvuye hasi (Ahagera kumavi yawe). Ukatiye hasi cane amazi atarutse avuye hasi ashobora kuzana ingwara zishobora kwinjira mu giti c'icayi

Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Gukata icayi ni ngombwa kugirango ushobore kugumana ibiti vyawe vy'icayi bifise ubuzima kandi bitanga umwimbu. Gukata bifise akamaro gakurikira.

Inyuma yo gukata, shira amashami yakaswe hejuru y'igiti c'icayi kugirango ukirinde uruzuba. Inyuma y'igihe gito niho ushobora kuyavanaho ukayakoresha nk'isaso.

Kurwanya imbeba, imfuku n'insiha Imbeba, imfuku n'insiha bishobora gukomeretsa imizi n'ibiti vy'icayi. Ukwo gukomeretsa gushobora kurwanywa mu kwimba imyobo, kandi ugatera ivyatsi birura nabi nka teforoziya vogeli (Tephrosia vogeli), tageti minuta (Tagetes minuta) ariyo bita Mexican marigold, ibitunguru vya onyo canke tungurusumu. Ugerageze ntuvyice.

Nimba ushaka gukoresha amazi ava mu mababi ya teforoziya vogeli nk' umuti wica udukoko, baza abagoronome

Teforoziya vogeli yatewe mu matongo

Tagetes minuta

5

Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Arumilariya Nimba ufise igiti c'icayi capfuye canke igiti casadutse gifise urukoba rwera, ivyo ni ibimenyetso vy'indwara ya Arumilariya. Arumilariya ni indwara ikwiragira mu giti cose ihereye mu mizi. Iyo utayirwanije hakiri kare iyo ndwara ishobora gukwiragira ikarigita umurima wose.

Igiti capfuye canke igiti gifise amababi asa n'umuhondo

Igiti casadutse uhereye mw'itsina kiba gifise urukoba rwera Igiti casadutse uhereye mw'itsina Igiti capfuye

Nimba ufise igiti kirwaye Arumilariya, utegerezwa kurandura igiti cose hamwe n'imizi yaco, mbere ukakirambika hasi kikuma

Randura igiti cose hamwe n'imizi yaco

Umaze kurandura igiti kirwaye, urashobora gutera igiti gishasha umwaka ukurikira. Nimba ibiti vyaranduwe ahantu hanini, aho hantu hashobora kubanza guterwa ibiterwa bisiga uburyohe mu rusi nk'ivyatsi vya Gwatemala ( Guatemala grass).

Ivyatsi vya Gwatemala

6

Iyo hatanguye kuboneka ibivyimba ku giti canke ku mababi y'icayi, ico ni ikimenyetso c'indwara ya fomobuzis. Iyo ni indwara yinjirira aho amababi canke igiti cakomerekejwe. Ushobora gukomeretsa igiti n'isuka iyo uriko urabagara, canke igiti kigakomeretswa n'imbeba canke imfuku. Amababi atanguye gusa n'umuhondo

Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Kurwanya Fomobuzis (Phomopsis) canke ibivyimba vy'igiti

igiti gifise ibivyimba

Kugirango urwanye iyi ndwara, utegerezwa gutema ibiti n'amababi vyose vyanduye hanyuma ubiturire. Guturira biremewe kuri iyi ndwara yo nyene, kuko nibwo buryo bwonyene buhari bwo kuyirwanya. Iyo uturiye, menya ko utegerzwa kuba hafi, uraba ko umuriro udatandukira ahandi. Guturira amababi arwaye fomobusis

Kwirinda iyo ndwara ni uguhitamwo ubwoko bwihanganira iyo ndwara iyo ugiye gutera icayi. Utegerezwa no kwirinda gukoresha isuka iyo uriko urabagara icayi, kuko ishobora gukomeretsa imizi y' igiti c'icayi

Kurwanya Ipogisilo (Hypoxylon) canke kubora kw'amashami Ipogisilo ni indwara ifata amashami y'icayi. Amashami yanduye atangura kubora, akazana ibihurushi vyirabura ku rukoba. Kurwanya Ipogisilo, ni ugutema amashami yanduye hanyuma ugasiga ku bikomere umuti urwanya udukoko w'umuringa (copper-based fungicide). Iyo urimwo urakata icayi, utegerezwa kugikatira hejuru y'urugero rw'amavi (60 cm) kugirango agakoko gatera iyi ndwara ntigashike ku bikomere vy'igiti.

Igiti cose carwaye ipogisilo Ibihurushi vyirabura

7

Helopelitis ( insazi y'icayi)

Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Iyo nsazi inunuza amababi mato y'icayi acoroshe, igasiga ibizinga vy'igitare ku mababi kubera amate yayo. Amababi yandujwe niyo nsazi akura nabi nabi.

Helopelitis (insazi y'icayi)

Ibabi ryanunujwe na Helopelitis Amababi y'icayi yandujwe na Helopelitis

Kurwanya helopelitis birasaba kuvanaho amababi yoroshe yose akiri mato hanyuma mu murima hagasigara amababi akomeye gusa. Ubu buryo nibwo bita “ gutipinga”. Iyo uvanyeko amababi yoroshe yose ashobora kugaburira Helopelitis, ukwanduza kwiyo nsazi y'icyayi kuragabanuka.

Ukuvanako amababi yoroshe yose akiri

Imbaragasa (Aphids)

Amababi yatewe n'udusurira

Uburyo bwo kwirinda helopelitis ni uguhitamwo ubwoko bw'icayi burinda iyo nsazi iyo ugiye kurima icayi bwa mbere.

Imbaragasa ni udukoko turya amababi yoroshe akiri mato y'icayi. Kwimbura kenshi gashoboka no kugabanya igihe co kwimbura umara hagati y'umwimbu n'uwundi, ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya imbaragasa. Agasurira ni umwansi w'imbaragasa. Udusurira turya imbaragasa bigatuma zitagwira. Iyo rero uteye imiti iva mu mahinguriro ushaka kwica imbaragasa n'udusurira ntidusigara. Kudatera iyo miti bituma utica udusurira natwo tukagufasha kurwanya imbaragasa. Agasurira karya imbaragasa

8

Mayite (Mites)

Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa mayite, hari ubusa n'igitare, ubutukura, n'ubundi. Amababi yatewe na mayite ahindura ibara agasa n'umuringa

Amababi yafashwe na mayite itukura

Umurima watewe na mayite itukura

Ibiti bitarwaye kandi bikomeye bifise ubuzima bishobora kurinda indwara ya mayite. Gushiramwo ifumbire igihe kandi ugafumbira neza bituma igiti kigira ubuzima, kigakomera. Gutera ubwoko bw'icyayi burinda mayite navyo bituma urwanya iyo ndwara.

Gufumbira ku gihe kandi ugafumbira neza

Reka turinde imirima yacu ivyonyi n'indwara mu buryo buramba kandi tunabona ibiti vy'icayi vyiza bifise ubuzima kandi bitanga umwimbu

9

Igice ca 2

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi

Abarimyi bafise urupapuro ntibarekuriwe gukora imirimo ibangamira ubuzima bwabo canke ubw' abandi bantu. Nimba ukoresha imiti iva mu mahinguriro mu murima wawe w'imboga canke ibitungwa vyawe, iyo miti itegerzwa gukoreshwa mu buryo butabangamira ubuzima bwawe, ubwo umuryango wawe nubwo ababanyi bawe.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi

Imyambaro y'umuntu wese mu kwirinda (PPE) Ntivyemewe gutera umuti uva mu mahinguriro utambaye imyambaro yabigenewe yo kwirinda (PPE) kubera ko:

ushobora kumira iyo miti biciye mu kanwa no mu mazuru

Iyo ipompo yawe iva umuti ushobora gutotesha impuzu zawe hanyuma umubiri ukanduzwa n'iyo miti

Intoke zawe zishobora gutoteshwa n'uwo muti ukakwinjiramwo

Menya Neza: Iyi ngingo irakomeye. Kutayubahiriza, bishobora Gutuma ubura urupapuro.

Nimba utambaye ibirato, umuti ushobora kwinjira no mu birenge vyawe

Akayungiro kayungurura Imiti (Akayungurura ivumbi ntikayungurura imiti)

Umwambaro ukingira amaso

Ikoti ry'imvura canke igikingira umugongo

Akayungiro k'ivumbi

Impuzu idatoteshwa n' amazi

Utegerezwa Kwibuka ko ibice vy'umubiri vyose bitegerezwa gufukwa

10

Ibirato vya nilo wambara kun toke kugira bizikingire

Ibirato vy'ingamiya bitinjirwamwo n'imiti Umwambaro wo hasi ukozwe n'udukuko twa plasitike (ushobora kongerwako mu gihe rya koti ry'imvura ridafuka neza amaguru) Menya Neza: ushobora gukoresha mu rugo rwawe umufuko wa plasitike utavuyemwo imiti uva mu mahinguriro. Ntugakoreshe n'imifuko yavuyemwo amafumbire ava mu mahinguriro

Kwambara impuzu yo kwikingira yabigenewe (PPE) ntibikenewe gusa iyo uriko uratera imiti mu mboga zawe ahubwo biranakenewe niyo uriko uratera umuti ibitungwa vyawe canke ushira ifumbire mu murima wawe.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi

Iyo uriko ushiramwo ifumbire, ugomba kwambara uturato dukingira intoke, ibirato n'impuzu ipfuka hose

Uburyo bwiza bwo kubikamwo imiti Ni izihe ngaruka mbi iyo ubitse imiti iva mu mahinguriro mu nzu? Imyuka mibi ituruka mu bubiko bwayo iraza ikonona ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe. Imiti iva mu ma

hinguriro

Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu gikoni, abantu bo mu muryango wawe, bashobora kwibesha bakayishira mu biribwa batazi ko ari imiti y'ubumara

guriro

ahin a mu m

Imiti iv

Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu cumba, abana bashobora kuyifata bakayinywa, bazi ko ari amazi canke ikindi kinyobwa

Imiti iv

a mu

mahin

guriro

Nimba wabitse iyo miti ahantu huguruye hadafunze, abana bashobora kuyifata bakayikinisha, canke umuntu wo hanze akayiba. Imiti iva mu

mahingurir

o

Ingaruka zo kutabika imiti neza, zirakomeye kandi zishobora kuvamwo urupfu rw'umuntu wo mu muryango wawe.

11

Ni vyiza kugura umuti uca ukoresha ako kanya ku buryo atawusigara ngo uwubike mu nzu yawe. Mu gihe bibaye ngombwa ko ubika umuti wasigaye aho ubaye, ushobora guhitamwo mu buryo bukurikira bwo kubikamwo iyo miti iva mu mahinguriro ata ngaruka bigiriye wewe ubwawe n'umuryango wawe.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi

1. Uko ingana nuko imeze Nimba ushaka kubika umuti uri mu ma cupa, si ngombwa ko wubaka icumba c'ububiko. Ku murimyi muto asanzwe, ahantu hato harakwiye kugirango habikemwo iyo miti. Nk'akarorero ashobora gusatura ingunguru, agakoresha ikindi cuma cose gishaje, canke agaturu k'inkoko gashaje katagikoreshwa mu kubika ya miti iva mu mahinguriro. Ubu bubiko bwose twavuze haruguru ntibutegerezwa kuba buri mu nzu imbere.

Ububiko bwubatswe mu ngunguru

2. Ibikoresho bitononwa n'amazi Ushobora kwiyubakira ububiko ukoreshejeje ibikoresho biri hafi ariko bitononwa n' amazi. Igisenge gitegerezwa kuba cubatswe neza kandi kitava. Iyo ushatse gukoresha imbaho, utegerezwa gukoresha ubumwanya ukazipfuka kugira imiti iva ntitonyangire kuri izo

Imbere mu bubiko bwubatwe n'imbaho hakingiriwe n'ubumwanya

3. Ukwugara Ububiko butegerezwa kuba bwugaye neza n'igufuri, ahasigaye urupfunguruzo rukaba rubitswe ahantu heza hizigiwe. Ni vyiza kuhugaza igufuri kugira ngo abana canke abandi bantu ntibahugurure ngo batware iyo miti ihabitswe. 4. Icapa c'ukugabisha. Gerageza ushire icapa co kugabisha ku bubiko bwawe kugira ngo uwo ariwe wese amenye ko habitswe imiti ishobora kwica ubuzima bw'abantu.

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Ububiko bwubatswe mu ki nyankoko

Ingazi y'urubaho ijako imiti ipfukishijwe akamwanya.

Ugukingira ibiterwa vy'imiti n'ibiti canke ivyatsi Iyo uteye imiti utegerezwa kumenyako abantu baca i ruhande y'umurima batokwanduzwa n'ubumara buva mu murima. Kugira ngo twirinde gutemba kw'imiti iva mu murima ni vyiza gutera ibiti canke ivyatsi. Uruzitiro rurabungabunga igwirirana ry'ibinyabuzima mu murima wawe. Uruzitiro rw'ivyatsi canke ibiti

Uruzitiro rw'ivyatsi canke ibiti

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi

Umurima w'icayi Umurima w'icayi

Umurima w'icayi

Uruzitiro rw'ivyatsi canke ibiti

Umwanya uri hagati y'uburaro bw'abantu n'ahategerezwa kurimwa Akaba umuryango wawe canke abakozi bawe baba aho umurima uri, ni ngombwa ko hoba umwanya hagati y'uburaro n'umurima. Iyo umurima w'icayi canke izindi ndimo zo mw'itongo vyegereye amazu, canke abana bakinira hafi y'iyo mirima, bazokwanduzwa ni miti itemba iva muri ya mirima. Kugirango uvyirinde ni vyiza gusiga umwanya canke ukubaka uruzitiro rw'ibiti canke ivyatsi iruhande y'iyo mirima.

Umurima w'icayi iruhande y'inzu y'uburaro Umwanya hagati y'imirima n'uburaro

13

Igice ca 3

Ugutunganya imyanda Imyanda ishobora kutugirira akamaro, mu gihe itunganijwe neza. Ariko iyo ida tunganijweneza, ishobora kwonona impwemu, amazi n'isi yo mu murima wawe. Iyo utiriye ubumwanya, canke uducupa twavuyemwo imiti, imyotsi ivamwo ishobora kwonona ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe. Reka dutunganye imyanda mu buryo bukwiye kugirango tugire imirima irangwamwo isuku n'amagara meza. Guturira imyand

Ugutunganya imyanda

a ntivyemewe

Ugutunganya imyanda ibora Imyavu yo mu gikoni n'imyavu y'ibitungwa ishobora gushirwa muri nyabarega ikavyara ifumbire. Iyo wayishize muri nyabarega utegerezwa kwibuka ko utegerezwa kuyihindukiza mu ndwi 2-3 kugira ngo hinjiremwo akayaga, ubushuhe bwongerekane bitume n'ifumbire ibora neza.

Gutunganya imyavu y- ubumwanya n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti Imyavu y-ubumwanya- n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti itegerezwa kuvangurwa n-iyindi myavu igakoranirizwa hamwe. Uducupa twavuyemwo imiti dutegerezwa kwozwa incuro zitatu hanyuma ukatumenagura imbere yo kudukoraniriza hamwe. Tumaze kwegeranywa uwurongoye umugwi ategerezwa kutujana ahantu mu buryo budashobora kwanduza ibidukikije.

Ntidutegerezwa kurekerwa mu murima.

Igice c-ingunguru co gushiramwo ubumwanya canke uducupa. Umufuko w-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti. Umupfuko w-imyanda ya plastike

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Igice ca 4

Kubungabunga uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima

Nimba ufise mu murima wawe hamwe mu hantu hameze nk'aha hakurikira, ico ikinyabuzima gikeneye gukingirwa

Aho hantu hose havuzwe hategerezwa gukingirwa kuberako ko habitse ibinyabuzima vy-ubwoko bwose, hanyuma guhomba ahantu nkaho bituma haba ihungababana rikomeye ryibidukikije, nko guhomba ibinyabuzima biriko birahona, n-amoko y-ibiti cimeza, nko gutera inkukura canke kwanduza amazi. Ni co gituma ahantu nkaho hadategerezwa kurimwa ngo haterwe icayi. Menya neza:

Kubungabunga uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima.

Ahantu hari ibiti cimeza Ahantu hari ibikoko canke ivyatsi n-ibiti biriko birahona. Imyonga n-inzuzi Ibishanga Ama park n-ahandi aho ari hose hagendurwa na Leta y-uburundi.

Guhonya ibinyabuzima ni urufatiro rukomeye rwotuma ubura urupapuro

Birabujijwe guca, guhiga no kurima Ku mvo zo gukingira aha hantu, ntibirekuwe kwirukana, guhiga ibikoko vyo mw-ishamba, kurima canke ngo upompe imiti aho hantu hakingiwe Ibi bitegerezwa kumenyeshwa umuryango wawe wose n-abakozi ukoresha.

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Gutera ibiti cimeza Mu buryo bwo gukingira uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima vy-ahantu hakingiye, ushobora gutera ibiti cimeza ku mpande z-imirima, irunhande y-imigezi y-amazi n-ahandi hose hari imitumba ihanamye. Ni vyiza gutera ibiti vy-ishamba, atari ibiti vyazanywe n-abazungu kuko ibiti cimeza nivyo usanga bimenyereye isi n-ibirere vyacu kandi bigashobora kubika uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima.

Ushobora kwitegurira wewe nyene amatuta uteramwo imivyaro.

Kubungabunga uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima.

Gutera ibiti cimeza

Ubwoko bw'ibiti cimeza buboneka muri Afrika y-ubuseruko Podokrupusi Umwungo Umurinzi Umuhate Umugano Umuvumu Ahantu hahanamye haterwa ibiti cimeza.

Gutera ivyatsi canke ibiti bikoreshwa nk-imbago Ni vyiza gutera imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti hagati y-ahantu hakingiwe kugirango ubuze imiti yapompwe mu mirima kujana ha hantu hakingiwe. Birafasha no kugira ngo imirimo ukorera mu burimyi itabangamira aho hantu hakingiwe.

Ibishanga

Imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti

Ishamba

Umurima Umurima

Imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti

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Guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima Iyo ibikoko n-inyoni vyo mw-ishamba biva ahantu bija ahandi, bikeneye kugenda bica mu mashamba adafatanye kuko yagiye aratandukanywa n-imirima, ibikoko ntishobora gutembera uko bishatse. Iyo umugezi w-amazi udafatanye n-ishamba ibikoko ntibishobora kuwugeramwo.

Kwishira n-ukwizana mu ruja n-uruza rw-ibikoko n-inyoni.

Kutagira umwidegemvyo

Kutagira umwidegemvyo

Kubungabunga uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima.

Fatanya amashamba aho ibikoko n-inyoni bishobora gutembera mu mwidegemvyo.

Amashamba yahonejwe agatandukanywa n-imirima bigatuma ibikoko n-inyoni

Mu guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima, ushobora gutera ibiti cimeza ku mpande zimirima yawe ugahuza n-udushamba dutoduto twagiye turasigara canke gukingira udushamba dusanzwe tuhari.

Udushamba dutoduto twagiye turahuzwa.

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Igice ca 5

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amazi Amazi ni igihambaye ku buzima bw-abantu n-ibikoko. Muri iki gice twigira hamwe ukuntu twobungabunga amazi akaguma ari meza n-ukuntu twokingira amasoko y-amazi.

Kuosha vifaa Inyuma yo gupompa imiti, ukeneye ibikoresho vyawe n-ivyambarwa vyawe (PPE] amazi yakoreshejwe mu kuvyoza aba arimwo ubumara, nico gituma ashobora kwonona ibidukikije iyo adatunganijwe neza.

Ibikoresho ntibitegerezwa kwogerezwa mu nzuzi, mu myonga, canke mu bidengeri

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amazi

Iyo upomfye imiti mu murima wawe wimboga ogereza ibikoresho mu murima wawe, ni waheza amazi

Iyo upomfye imiti ibitungwa, ogereza ibikoresho mu kinogo cabigenewe. Ico kinogo gitegerezwa kwuzuzwamwo amakara afasha kumimina amazi. Birabujijwe guca ibiti cimeza ubikuramwo amakara.

Icobo cuzuyemwo amakara

Wibuke kandi no kumesura impuzu zigukingira iyo utera imiti (PPE]. Amazi wakoresheje umesura uyasese aho twakubwiye. Indobo ikoreshwa gusa mu kuyogerezamwo ibikoresho gusa

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Imicafu y-amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo Kumesurira ivyambarwa mu myonga bituma yononekara. Gusesa amazi wakoresheje yo mu gikoni vyonona ibidukikije kandi bikorora imibu. Amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo nayo ategerezwa gutunganywa neza.

Amazi yakoreshejwe Gusesa amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo mu mufurege wimbwe mu murima uri inyuma y-urugo.

Umuv

Imitsinda y-ibitoke

Amateke

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amazi

Iyo urugero rw-amazi akoreshwa mu rugo ari ruto, ashobora guseswa mu mufurege inyuma y-urugo iruhande y-uwo mufurege ushobora kuhatera ibitoke canke amateke kuko bishobora kunywa amazi ku buryo bworoshe.

Iyo witegereje amazi atega mu murima, usanga ari amazi acafuye ari menshi cane kugira isi iyanywe canke ibigize iyo si n-ibiyiranga bidatuma ayo mazi ashobora kwinjira ngo anyengetere muri iyo si. Iyo bimeze gutyo ushobora gushira umuringoti mu kuzimu ya mazi agatemberamwo aho gutega hejuru.

Umuringoti w'imetero imwe

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Kurandura ibiti vy-imikaratusi biteye iruhande y-imyonga. Ibiti vy-imikaratusi biduha inkwi zo gucana ariko iyo bitewe iruhande y-ahantu hari amazi, inzuzi, imyonga, canke amasoko y-amazi binywa amazi menshi ku buryo aho hantu hashobora kwuma. Iyo isoko canke umwonga vyumye bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw-umuryango wawe no ku babanyi bawe muri rusangi. Dukeneye gukingira amasoko y-amazi.

Ibiti vy-imikaratusi

Guca ibiti vy-imikaratusi bitewe iruhande y-umwonga.

Umwonga wumye kubera imikaratusi

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amazi

Inyuma yo guca ibiti vyimikaratusi umwonga warasubiranye.

Kutarima iruhande y-imyonga Ntivyemewe kurima icayi canke ibindi biterwa iruhande y-imyonga. Mu gihe ivyo ubipomfye imiti ubumara bwayo bushobora kuja mu mazi bukayonona. Kurima iruhande y-imyonga navyo bishobora gutuma inkukura ija mu mazi. Reka dupfuke imyonge mu gutera ibibingo n-ibindi vyatsi canke mu kuhatera ibiterwa bitadusaba guhora turima canke gushiramwo imiti.

a buja Ubumar

i

mu maz

kukura

we n-in si yatwa

I 20

Gutega amazi y-imvura Amazi ni ingirakamaro mu buzima bwacu, kandi dukeneye kubika amazi akwiye mu buzima bwacu bwa minsi yose. Gutega amazi y-imvura ni uburyo bufise akamaro kandi bworoshe mukuronka amazi. Ushobora gutega amazi y-imvura ava ku nzu yawe akabikwa mu kigega c-amazi. Ushobora gukoresha ayo mazi mu nzu. Ushobora no kuyakoresha mu kuyanywa umaze kuyahingura canke ukayateka. Imvura ni isoko ry-amazi rikomeye. Nico gituma dutegerezwa kumenya neza ingene tuyakoresha.

Kudata imicafu mu migezi y-amazi Guta imicafu mu migezi y-amazi nti birekuwe. Dukeneye gukingira imigezi y-amazi bituma amazi aguma ari meza ku nyungu z-ibikoko n-abantu.

Guta imicafu mu migezi y-amazi ni imwe mu ngingo zo kubuza urupapuro utayubahirije

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amazi

Menya neza:

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Igice ca 6

Uburyo bwo gukingira isi Dukeneye gukingira isi mu ndimo nzacu kugira ntigume itwarwa n-inkukura.

Kurwanya inkukura Ahantu iyo hahanamye isi iratwarwa igihe cose. Iyo utarwanije inkukura ibintu bishobora kuguma biba nabi.

Kugirango urwanye inkukura, utegerezwa gutera ibibingo n-ibiti cimeza ahantu hose ubona hashobora gutwarwa n-inkukura. Ibibingo bifata neza isi kandi bikagaburira nibitungwa.

Uburyo bwo gukingira isi

Ibibingo

Guturira ntibirekuwe Guturira vyica intabire nudukoko dutodoto tuba mw-isi dutuma ivyatsi bibora bivamwo. Guturira mu gutegura isi imbere yo kurima ntivyemewe. Menya neza:

Guturira umurima imbere yo kurima n’ingingo ikubuza urupapuro utazubahirije.

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Impande z-imirima zikikijwe n-ivyatsi canke ibiti.

Igice ca 7

Uburyo bwiza ku bakozi n-ahantu heza ho gukorera

Niwaba ukoresha abakozi mu murima bategerezwa gufatwa neza. Abakozi bakeneye amagara meza n-ahantu heza ho gukorera.

Uburaro bw-abakozi Iyo ufise abakozi mu murima wawe, reka turabe ko baba heza, kandi bafise amagara meza. 1. Ivyumba Ivyumba abakozi baryamamwo n-imiryango yabo, ntibitegerezwa kuba bibikwamwo imiti, amafumbire, amacupa canke imifuko iyo miti yavuyemwo. Ivyo vyumba ntibitegerezwa kuba biva ku gisenge canke ku mpome.

2. Igikoni Iyo igikoni kidafise aho imyotsi isohokera, imyotsi iba iri mu gikoni ishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye z-amagara, zikica amahaha n-amaso yabakozi n-imiryango yabo. Igikoni gifise aho imyotsi isohokera gikingira amagara yabakozi, kandi kigatuma amagara yabo aguma ari meza.

Imipfuko y-amafumbire ku bihome

Igisenge cononekaye kandi kiva

Umwotsi w-itabi

Umukozi abangamiwe n-umwotsi w-itabi uva mu vyumba.

3. Utuzu twa surwumwe Mu rugo rw-abakozi hategerezwa kuba harimwo. akazu ka surwumwe gafise isuku

Igikoni ca kijambere gifise aho imyotsi isohokera. Ibi bituma igikoni gisa neza kigakoresha n-inkwi nke.

Uburyo bwiza ku bakozi n-ahantu heza ho gukorera

Imiti n-amafumbire mu vyumba

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4. Aho bamesera Mu rugo rw-abakozi hategerezwa kuba hariho aho bamesera impuzu.

Kumesera impuzu mu mugezi

Ahateguriwe kumesera impuzu

Gutanga amazi yo kunywa Abakozi baba canke bakorera mu murima wawe bategerezwa kuronka amazi meza yo kunywa. Utegerezwa kuba igihe cose watetse amazi canke wayagiriye isuku kugirango abakozi bashobore kunywa amazi meza.

Ibikorwa vy-abana mu murima Kirazira gutanga akazi ku mwana ari mu nsi y-imyaka 15 ngo akore nk-umukozi.

• Munsi y-imyaka 15 • yahawe akazi nk-umukozi • Ntashobora kuja kw-ishure • Kubera akazi yahawe Menya:

Uburyo bwiza ku bakozi n-ahantu heza ho gukorera

kudatanga akazi ku mwana ari munsi y-imyaka15 ni ingingo yokubuza kuronka urupapuro utayubahirije.

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Abana bari munsi y-imyaka 15 bashobora gufasha imiryango yabo mu bikorwa bitandukanye mu gihe cose bitabuza kuja kw-ishure mu ngihe c-umutaga kandi bakaba badakora ibikorwa bibavuna canke bibagirira ingaruka mbi. Ashobora gufasha mu murima mu gihe co nyene atari kwi-shure.

Igice ca 8

Uburyo bwo gukingira umurima Kubika inyandiko Ni ngombwa ko ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima wawe igirirwa inyandiko ikabikwa. Iyo ubitse inyandiko y-ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima, ushobora kwibuka ibikorwa vyose vyakozwe mu gihe giheze ugatako ugashobora no kugira imigambi yo kurushirizaho. Iyo baravye izo nyandiko abagenduzi bo hanze no mu gihugu nabo bashobora kubona uburyo wafashe umurima wawe. Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bikorwa ushobora kwerekana ku rugero rw-umurima:

Gupompa imiti iva mu mahinguriro Gupompa imiti Abakozi bahawe akazi i Kwinjiza abakozi Gutera ibiti Umwimbu. Ivyo wokwandika mu gutera imiti n-amasey’ikizungu: • Umurima • Italiki • Izina ry-umuti • umwimbu • urupimo rw-umuti namafumbire • Izina ry-uwapomfye • Ibikoresho vyakoreshejwe

Ivyo wokwandika mu gukarisha ubwenge bw’abakozi:

• • • • •

Igenekerezo Inyigisho zatanzwe Izina ry-umwigisha Amazina y-abigishijwe Imikono y-abigishijwe

Ivyo wo kwandika mu guha akazi abakozi: • • • • •

Igenekerezo Izina Akazi ako ariko Amasaha y-akazi Umushahara

Gukwirikirana Abarimyi n-ishirahamwe ryabo ntibategerezwa kuvanga icayi cahawe urupapuro gikeneye kuvangurwa mu nzira zose zo kdandazwa; aho kugurirwa ku ma hangar, mu mamodokari aho gihingurirwa mu ruganda, kugera no kugipakira mu mipfuko imbere yo kugitwara ku masoko.

Menya neza:

Uburyo bwo gukingira umurima

Kutavangura icayi caronse urupapuro n-ikitararuronka ni ingingo yo kubuza kuronka urupapuro uwutayubahirije.

Kuvangura mu ma modoka icayi caronse urupapuro. Kuvangura icayi mu ruganda

Icayi gifise urupapapuro ukwaco kigira ikimenyetso kikiranga.

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