Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
present abide (abáid) arise (aráis) awake (awéik) bear (ber) beat (bíit)
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
Irregular Verbs past past participle meanings * Could be conjugated as a regular verb sufrir, soportar, abode (abóud) abiden (abíden) cumplir arose (aróus) arisen (arísen) levantarse, surgir despertarse, awoke (awóuk) awoken (awóuken) despertar aguantar, bore (bor) born (born) soportar, parir beat (bíit)
beaten (bíiten)
golpear, derrotar, batir convertirse en, llegar a ser, volverse, ponerse empezar
become (bikám)
became (bikéim)
become (bikám)
begin (biguín)
began (bigáan)
begun (bigán)
bend (bend)
bent (bent)
bent (bent)
bet (bet)
bet (bet)
bet (bet)
bid (bid)
bid (bid)
bid (bid)
bind (báind)
bound (báund)
bound (báund)
bite (báit) bleed (blíid) blow (blóu) break (bréik)
bit (bit) bled (bled) blew (blú) broke (bróuk)
bitten (bíten) bled (bled) blown (blown) broken (bróuken)
atar, unir, encuadernar morder, picar sangrar soplar romper
breed (bríid) bring (bring) broadcast (brodkást) build (bild) burn (bern)
bred (bred) brought (brot) broadcast* (brodkást) built (bilt) burnt* (bernt)
bred (bred) brought (brot) broadcast* (brodkást) built (bilt) burnt* (bernt)
criar, engendrar traer transmitir construir quemar
burst (berst)
burst (berst)
burst (berst)
buy (bái)
bought (bot)
bought (bot)
cast (kast)
cast (kast)
cast (kast)
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
doblar, torcer, inclinarse apostar ofrecer, pujar, licitar
explotar, reventar comprar lanzar, echar, emitir
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
catch (kach)
caught (kot)
caught (kot)
choose (chúus)
chose (chóus)
chosen (chóusen)
clap (klap)
clapt* (klapt)
clapt* (klapt)
cling (kling)
clung (klang)
clung (klang)
clothe (klóud)
clad* (klad)
clad* (klad)
come (kam) cost (kost)
came (kéim) cost (kost)
come (kam) cost (kost)
creep (kríip)
crept (krept)
crept (krept)
cut (kat)
cut (kat)
cut (kat)
deal (díil)
dealt (delt)
dealt (delt)
dig (dig)
dug (dag)
dug (dag)
dive (dáiv)
dove* (dóuv)
dived (dáivt)
do (du)
did (did)
done (dan)
draw (dróo)
drew (dru)
drawn (dróon)
dream (dríim) drink (drink)
dreamt* (dremt) drank (draank)
dreamt* (dremt) drunk (drank)
drive (dráiv)
drove (dróuv)
driven (dríven)
dwell (duél) eat (íit) fall (fol)
dwelt (duélt) ate (éit) fell (fel)
dwelt (duélt) eaten (íiten) fallen (fólen)
feed (fíid)
fed (fed)
fed (fed)
feel (fíil)
felt (felt)
felt (felt)
fight (fáit) find (fáund)
fought (fot) found (fáund)
fought (fot) found (fáund)
fit (fit)
fit* (fit)
fit* (fit)
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
atrapar, asir, tomar elegir aplaudir agarrarse, adherirse, aferrarse vestir, revestir, cubrir venir costar gatear, arrastrarse cortar tratar con, repartir, dar cavar zambullise, sumergirse, bucear hacer dibujar, extraer, sacar soñar beber conducir, ir en coche, llevar en coche habitar, morar comer caer, caerse alimentar/se, dar de comer sentir/se, palpar, tocar pelear, combatir encontrar encajar, quedar bien, instalar
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
flee (flíi) fling (fling)
fled (fled) flung (flang)
fled (fled) flung (flang)
huir, huir de echar, arrojar
fly (flái) forbid (forbíd)
flew (flu) forbade (forbéid)
flown (flóun) forbidden (forbíden)
forecast (forkást)
forecast* (forkást)
forecast* (forkást)
foresee (forsíi) foretell (fortél)
foresaw (forsó) foretold (fortóuld)
foreseen (forsíin) foretold (fortóuld)
volar prohibir pronosticar, preveer preveer predecir
forget (forguét) forgive (forguív)
forgot (forgót) forgave (forguéiv)
forgotten (forgóten) forgiven (forguíven)
forsake (forséik)
forsook (forsúuk)
forsaken (forséiken)
freeze (fríiss)
froze (fróuss)
frozen (fróussen)
get (get)
got (got)
got/gotten (goten)
give (guív) go (góu) grind (gráind) grow (gróu)
gave (guéiv) went (went) ground (gráund) grew (gru)
olvidar perdonar abandonar, desamparar congelar conseguir, recibir, ponerse, llegar
given (guíven) gone (góon) ground (gráund) grown (gróun) handwritten (jandhandwrite (jand-ráit) handwrote (jand-róut) ríten)
dar ir moler crecer, cultivar
hang (jáang) have (jáav) hear (jíier) hide (jáid) hit (jit)
hung (jang) had (jáad) heard (jerd) hid (jid) hit (jit)
hung (jang) had (jáad) heard (jerd) hidden (jíden) hit (jit)
colgar tener oír esconder/se golpear, pegar
hold (jóuld)
held (jeld)
held (jeld)
hurt (jert)
hurt (jert)
hurt (jert)
inlay (inléi) input (ínput)
inlaid (inléid) input* (ínput)
inlaid (inléid) input* (ínput)
keep (kíip)
kept (kept)
kept (kept)
kneel (níil)
knelt* (nelt)
knelt* (nelt)
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
escribir a mano
sostener, celebrar, esperar herir, lastimar, doler incrustar entrar, introducir mantener, guardar, continuar, criar arrodillarse, estar de rodillas
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
knit (nit) know (nóu) lay (léi)
knit* (nit) knew (niú) laid (léid)
knit* (nit) known (nóun) laid (léid)
lead (líid)
led (led)
led (led)
lean (líin)
leant* (lent)
leant* (lent)
leap (líip)
leapt* (lept)
leapt* (lept)
learn (lern)
learnt* (lernt)
learnt* (lernt)
leave (líiv)
left (left)
left (left)
lend (lend)
lent (lent)
lent (lent)
let (let)
let (let)
let (let)
lie (lái)
lay (léi)
lain (léin)
light (láit) lose (lúus) make (méik)
lit* (lit) lost (lost) made (méid)
lit* (lit) lost (lost) made (méid)
mean (míin)
meant (ment)
meant (ment)
meet (míit)
met (met)
met (met)
melt (melt)
melted (mélted)
molten* (móulten)
mislead (mislíid)
misled (misléd)
misled (misléd)
mistake (mistéik)
mistook (mistúuk)
mistaken (mistéiken)
misunderstand (misanderstánd) mow (móu)
misunderstood (misanderstúud) mowed (móud)
misunderstood (misanderstúud) mown (móun)
overhear (ouverjíier) overtake (ouvertéik) pay (péi)
tejer, tricotar saber, conocer poner, colocar guiar, llevar, conducir apoyarse, inclinarse saltar aprender, enterarse irse, dejar, marcharse prestar dejar, permitir yacer, echarse, quedar encender perder hacer significar, querer decir, tener la intención de encontrarse con, conocer derretir engañar, despistar, llevar por mal camino confundir, interpretar mal entender mal
segar, cortar oír por casualidad, oír overheard (ouverjérd) overheard (ouverjérd) sin intención de ello overtaken overtook (ouvertúuk) sobrepasar (ouvertéiken) paid (péid) paid (péid) pagar
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
prove (prúuv) put (put)
proved (prúuvt) put (put)
proven* (prúuven) put (put)
quit (kuít)
quit (kuít)
quit (kuít)
read (ríiid)
read (red)
read (red)
rid (rid)
rid* (rid)
rid* (rid)
ride (ráid)
rode (róud)
ridden (ríden)
ring (ring)
rang (raang)
rung (rang)
rise (ráis) run (ran) saw (so)
rose (róus) ran (raan) sawed (sod)
risen (rísen) run (ran) sawn* (sóon)
andar en, pasear en, montar sonar, llamar por teléfono levantarse, subir correr serrar, serruchar
say (séi) see (síi) seek (síik) sell (sel) send (send)
said (sed) saw (so) sought (sot) sold (sóuld) sent (sent)
said (sed) seen (síin) sought (sot) sold (sóuld) sent (sent)
decir ver buscar vender enviar
set (set) sew (sóu)
set (set) sewed (sóud)
set (set) sewn* (sóun)
shake (shéik)
shook (shúuk)
shaken (shéiken)
shave (shéiv) shear (shíir)
shaved (shéivt) shore* (shor)
shaven* (shéiven) shorn* (shorn)
poner, ambientar coser sacudir, agitar, hacer temblar afeitarse, rasurar esquilar, cortar
shed (shed)
shed (shed)
shed (shed)
shine (sháin)
shone (shóun)
shone (shóun)
shoot (shúut)
shot (shot)
shot (shot)
show (shóu)
showed (shóud)
shown (shóun)
shrink (shrink)
shrank (shraank)
shrunk (shrank)
shut (shat) sing (sing) sink (sink) sit (sit) slay (sléi)
shut (shat) sang (saang) sank (saank) sat (sat) slew (slúu)
shut (shat) sung (sang) sunk (sank) sat (sat) slain (sléin)
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
probar, resultar poner abandonar, rendirse, dejar leer librar, desembarazar
derramar, mudar, echar brillar, lustrar disparar, matar a tiros mostrar, exhibir encoger/se, reducir/se cerrar cantar hundir/se sentar/se matar
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
sleep (slíip)
slept (slept)
slept (slept)
slide (sláid)
slid (slid)
slid (slíden)
sling (sling)
slung (slang)
slung (slang)
slink (slink)
slunk (slank)
slunk (slank)
slit (slit)
slit (slit)
slit (slit)
smell (smel)
smelt* (smelt)
smelt* (smelt)
sneak (sníik)
snuck* (snak)
snuck* (snak)
sow (sóu) speak (spíik)
sowed (sóud) spoke (spóuk)
sown (sóun) spoken (spóuken)
speed (spíid)
sped* (sped)
sped* (sped)
spell (spél) spend (spend) spill (spil)
spelt* (spélt) spent (spent) spilt* (spilt)
spelt* (spélt) spent (spent) spilt* (spilt)
spin (spin)
spun (span)
spun (span)
spit (spit)
spat (spat)
spat (spat)
split (split)
split (split)
splite (split)
spoil (spóil)
spoilt* (spóilt)
spoilt* (spóilt)
spread (spred)
spread (spred)
spread (spred)
spring (spring)
sprang (spraang)
sprung (sprang)
stand (stáand)
stood (stúud)
stood (stúud)
steal (stíil)
stole (stóul)
stolen (stóulen)
stick (stik)
stuck (stak)
stuck (stak)
sting (sting) stink (stink)
stung (stang) stank (stáank)
stung (stang) stunk (stank)
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
dormir deslizar/se, resbalarse tirar, arrojar moverse sigilosamente, escabullirse rajar, cortar oler entrar/salir/poner a hurtadillas sembrar hablar acelerar, ir a toda velocidad deletrear gastar, pasar derramar, volcar girar, dar vueltas, hilar, tejer escupir partir, rajar, dividir estropear, echar a perder, arruinar extender, desplegar, esparcir saltar estar de pie, pararse, soportar robar pegar, clavar, atascarse, asomar picar, arder apestar, oler mal
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
andar con pasos largos
stride (stráid)
strode* (stróud)
stridden (stríden)
strike (stráik)
struck (strak)
struck/stricken (stríken)
string (string)
strung (strang)
strung (strang)
strive (stráiv)
strove (stróuv)
striven (stríven)
swear (suéer)
swore (suóor)
sworn (suóorn)
sweat (suét)
sweat* (suét)
sweat* (suét)
sudar
sweep (suíip)
swept* (suépt)
swept* (suépt)
swelled (suéld)
swollen (suólen)
swam (suáam)
swum (suám)
barrer, azotar hincharse, crecer, aumentar nadar
swing (suíng)
swung (suáng)
swung (suáng)
take (téik)
took (túuk)
taken (téiken)
balancear, mecer, colgar tomar, llevar
teach (tíich)
taught (tot)
taught (tot)
enseñar
tear (téer)
tore (tóor)
torn (tóorn)
tell (tel)
told (tóuld)
told (tóuld)
desgarrar, romper, arrancar decir, contar
think (zink)
thought (zot)
thought (zot)
thrive (zráiv)
throve* (zróuv)
thriven* (zríven)
throw (zróu)
threw (zrú)
thrown (zróun)
thrust (zrast)
thrust (zrast)
thrust (zrast)
tread (tred)
trod (trod)
trodden (tróden)
undergo (andergóu)
underwent (anderwént)
undergone (anderwént)
swell (suél) swim (suím)
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
golpear, dar (la hora) encordar, ensartar, atar luchar, esforzarse jurar,
pensar prosperar, crecer mucho, desarrollarse tirar, arrojar empujar con fuerza, clavar pisar, andar sufrir, ser sometido a, recibir
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
understand (anderstáand)
understood (anderstúud)
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
understood (anderstúud)
entender
undertake (andertéik) undertook (andertúuk)
undertaken (andertéiken)
upset (apsét)
upset (apsét)
upset (apsét)
emprender, acometer enfadar, trastornar
wake (uéik)
woke (uóuk)
woken (uóuken)
despertar
wear (uéer)
wore (uóor)
worn (uórn)
usar, vestir,
weave (uíiv)
wove (uóuv)
woven (uóuven)
tejer
wed (uéd)
wed* (uéd)
wed* (uéd)
casarse, contraer matrimonio
weep (uíip)
wept (uépt)
wept (uépt)
wet (uét)
wet* (uét)
wet* (uét)
win (wín)
won (wán)
won (wán)
wind (wáind)
wound (wáund)
wound (wáund)
Llorar Mojar ganar dar cuerda, serpentear, envolver, enrollar
withdraw (widróo)
withdrew (widrú)
withdrawn (widróon) retirar, sacar retener, ocultar, withhold (widjóuld) withheld (widjéld) withheld (widjéld) no revelar resistir, withstand (widstáand) withstood (widstúud) withstood (widstúud) aguantar, oponerse torcer, retorcer, wring (ring) wrung (rang) wrung (rang) estrujar, escurrir write (ráit) wrote (róut) written (ríten) escribir
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
Here's a list of some common regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs: -ar verbs alquilar to rent
entrar (en) to enter (into)
necesitar to need
amar to love
enviar to send
olvidar to forget
andar to walk
escuchar to listen to
pagar to pay for
ayudar to help
esperar to hope, to wait for
practicar to practice
bailar to dance
estudiar to study
preguntar to ask
buscar to look for
firmar to sign
preparar to prepare
caminar to walk
ganar to win, earn
regresar to return
cantar to sing
gastar to spend money
saludar to greet
cocinar to cook
hablar to speak, to talk
tocar to touch, to play an instrument
comprar to buy
lavar to wash
tomar to take, to drink
contestar to answer
llegar to arrive
trabajar to work
dejar to allow, to leave
llevar to wear, to carry
viajar to travel
desear to desire
mandar to order
visitar to visit
enseñar to teach
mirar to watch, to look at
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
-er verbs aprender to learn
creer to believe
poseer to possess, to own
beber to drink
deber to have to, to owe
prometer to promise
comer to eat
esconder to hide
romper to break
comprender to understand
leer to read
temer to fear
correr to run
meter en to put into
vender to sell
-ir verbs abrir to open
descubrir to discover
permitir to permit
admitir to admit
discutir to discuss
recibir to receive
asistir a to attend
escribir to write
subir to climb, to go up
cubrir to cover
existir to exist
sufrir to suffer
decidir to decide
omitir to omit
unir to unite
describir to describe
partir to divide
vivir to live
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
A-G H-N O-U V-Z Regular verbs Spanish Infinitive A aceptar agregar, sumar admirar admitir asesorar, recomendar tener los recursos para, alcanzar estar de acuerdo poner sobre aviso permitir hacer reír, divertir analizar anunciar, avisar molestar contestar pedir perdón aparecer, parecer aplaudir apreciar, valorar, agradecer aprobar discutir arreglar, poner en orden, disponer, fijar, adaptar arrestar, detener, parar llegar preguntar, invitar sujetar, atar, amarrar, pegar, juntar, atribuir atacar, asaltar, agredir intentar, tratar de asistir a , ocuparse de atraer, llamar la atención evitar, eludir, abstenerse de
Simple
Past/past participle
Pronunciation of d/ed ending.
accept accepted add added admire admired admit admitted advise advised afford afforded agree agreed alert alerted allow allowed amuse amused analyze (analyse analyzed BrE) announce announced annoy annoyed answer answered apologize apologized (apologise BrE) appear appeared applaud applauded appreciate appreciated approve approved argue argued
/ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/
arrange
arranged
/d/
arrest arrive ask
arrested arrived asked
/ed/ or /id/ /d/ /t/
attach
attached
/t/
attack attempt attend attract avoid
attacked attempted attended attracted avoided
/t/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/
B UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
/d/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/
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Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
apoyar, respaldar back hornear, hacer al horno bake balancear, equilibrar, armonizar balance prohibir, proscribir ban golpear, azotar bang desnudar bare batear bat bañar bathe luchar, pelear, combatir battle brillar, sonreír radiantemente, beam transmitir, emitir comportarse, portarse behave pertenecer, ser propiedad de, ser parte, belong ser miembro, deber estar, ir superar, ganar a best blanquear, decolorar bleach bless (also bendecir, consagrar, dotar de irregular blest) cegar, dejar ciego, deslumbrar blind pestañear, parpadear blink emborronar, borronear blot florecer, madurar bloom sonrojarse blush presumir boast hervir boil atornillar, sujetar con pernos, salir bolt corriendo bombardear bomb book (normally reservar BrE) taladrar, perforar, hacer, abrir, aburrir bore pedir prestado, tomar prestado, borrow apropiarse de, adoptar rebotar bounce inclinarse, ceder, resignarse, bow someterse, doblar empaquetar, embalar, encajonar, box boxear echar ramas, separarse branch respirar breathe contusionar, machucar, magullar, bruise magullar, dañar, herir cepillar, rozar brush burbujear bubble UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
backed baked balanced banned banged bared batted bathed battled
/t/ /t/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/
beamed
/d/
behaved
/d/
belonged
/d/
bested bleached
/ed/ or /id/ /t/
blessed
/t/
blinded blinked blotted bloomed blushed boasted boiled
/ed/ or /id/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/
bolted
/ed/ or /id/
bombed
/d/
booked
/t/
bored
/d/
borrowed
/d/
bounced
/t/
bowed
/d/
boxed
/t/
branched breathed
/t/ /d/
bruised
/d/
brushed bubbled
/t/ /d/
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
chocar contra, golpear contra, dar, tropezarse con quemar, incendiar, arder
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
bump
bumped
burn (also burned irregular burnt) bury buried buzz buzzed
enterrar, sepultar zumbar, sonar C calcular, computar calculate gritar, vociferar, llamar, convocar, call llamar por teléfono, nombrar acampar, ir de camping camp importarle a uno, preocuparse, inquietarse, cuidar (de), atender, care querer, sentir cariño por, gustarle llevar carry tallar, grabar carve causar, provocar, ocasionar cause desafiar, retar, disputar, cuestionar, challenge poner en duda encomendar, encargar, cargar, charge ordenar, mandar, acusar perseguir, ahuyentar chase defraudar, estafar, engañar, hacer cheat trampa frenar, contener, reprimir, verificar, check revisar, chequear, marcar, señalar alentar, animar, alegrar, echar porras a cheer masticar chew sofocar, asfixiar, ahogar, tapar, choke obstruir Cortar chop Reclamar claim Aplaudir clap Limpiar clean Aclarar clear Sostener clip Cerrar close Entrenar coach Bobinar coil Recoger collect color (colour Color BrE) Peinar comb Comando command UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
/t/ /d/ /d/ /d/
calculated
/ed/ or /id/
called
/d/
camped
/t/
cared
/d/
carried carved caused
/d/ /d/ /d/
challenged
/d/
charged
/d/
chased
/t/
cheated
/ed/ or /id/
checked
/t/
cheered chewed
/d/ /d/
choked
/t/
chopped claimed clapped cleaned cleared clipped closed coached coiled collected
/t/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/
colored
/d/
combed commanded
/d/ /ed/ or /id/
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Comunicar Comparar Competir Quejarse Concentrarse Preocupación Confesar Confundir Conectar Considerar Consistir Contener continuar Copiar Corregir Toser Contar Cubrir Quebrar, agrietar, partir Estrellarse, chocar Arrastrar Cruzar Aplastar Llorar Curar Rizo Curva Ciclo D Presa Represar, cerrar el agua, embalzar Bailar, danzar Atreverse Decaer Decadencia Decidir Decorar Retrazar Placer Entregar Depender Describir Desierto
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
communicate compare compete complain concentrate concern confess confuse connect consider consist contain continue copy correct cough count cover crack crash crawl cross crush cry cure curl curve cycle
communicated compated competed complained concentrated concerned confessed confused connected considered consisted contained continued copied corrected coughed counted covered cracked crashed crawled crossed crushed cried cured curled curved cycled
/ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /t/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /d/
dam damage dance dare decay deceive decide decorate delay delight deliver depend describe desert
dammed damaged danced dared decayed deceived decided decorated delayed delighted delivered depended described deserted
/d/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Merecer Destruir Detectar Desarrollar Discrepar Desaparecer Desaprobar Desarmar Descubrir Aversión, no le gusta Dividir Doblar Dudar Arratrar Desague Vestir, vestirse, arreglar Goteo Caída Ahogarse Tambor Secar
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
Polvo
deserve destroy detect develop disagree disappear disapprove disarm discover dislike divide double doubt drag drain dress drip drop drown drum dry dunk dust
deserved destroyed detected developed disagreed disappeared disapproved disarmed discovered disliked divided doubled doubted dragged drained dressed dripped dropped drowned drummed dried dunked dusted
/d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /t/ /t/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/
Ganar Educar Avergonzar Emplear Vacio Fomentar final Elistar Disfrutar Inscribirse Entrar Entretenerse Escapar Examinar Excitar Excusa Ejercicio Existir Salir
earn educate embarass employ empty encourage end enlist enjoy enroll enter entertain escape examine excite excuse exercise exist exit
earned educated embarassed employed emptied encouraged ended enlisted enjoyed enrolled entered entertained escaped examined excited excused exercised existed exited
/d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/
E
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
Expandir Esperar Explícar Explotar Ampliar
expand expect explain explode extend
expanded expected explained exploded extended
/ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/
Cara Desvanecer Fallar Fantasía Sujetar Fax Temer Proteger, cercar Ir a buscar, traer a extraer Archivar, presentar, registrar Llenar, ocupar, rellenar Filmar
face fade fail fancy fasten fax fear fence fetch file fill film
faced faded failed fancied fastened faxed feared fenced fetched filed filled filmed
/t/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /d/
fire fit fix flap flash float flood flow flower fold follow fool force format form found frame frighten fry
fired fitted fixed flapped flashed floated flooded flowed flowered folded followed fooled forced formatted formed founded framed frightened fried
/d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/ /t/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /d/
gather gaze
gathered gazed
/d/ /d/
F
Disparar, encender ---cocer Ajustar, Adaptar, Encajar Fijar, Arreglar, asegurar Batir, aletear, agitarse Destellar, brillar, relampaguear Flotar Inundar, desbordarse Fluír. Corer, manar, ondear Floreccer, estar enflor Doblar, plegar, recoger Vigilar, seguir Engañar, bromear Forzar Formatear Formar Encontrar Enmarcar Asustar, amedrentar Freir Gr Reunir, recoger, recolectar Mirar con fijeza
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Arder vivamente, estar candente Pegar Agarrar, arrebatar Rallar, rechinar Engrasar, lubricar Saludar, dar la bienvenida Sonreír, Ponerse sonrisa Apretar,, empuñar, agarrar Gemir, quejarse Garantizar, asegurar, abonar Proteger, guardar Adivinar, suponer guiar
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
glow glue grab grate grease greet grin grip groan guarantee guard guess guide
glowed glued grabbed grated greased greeted grinned gripped groaned guaranteed guarded guessed guided
/d/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/ /d/
H Martillar
hammer
hammered
entregar Dar, pasar
hand
handed handled hanged
/d/
Sucedessr, ocurrir Acosasr hostigar Dañar, perjudicar
handle hang (also irregular) happen harass harm
/d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/
happened harassed harmed
Odiar
hate
hated
Perseguir, rondar
haunt
haunted
Dirigir, encabezar
head
headed
Sanar, curar, cicatrizar colmar
heal heap
healed heaped
Calentar, acalorarse
heat
heated
Ayudar Enganchar, pezcar, encorvar (not good habit) Saltar, brincar, saltar con un pie Esperar Flotar, Revolotear, estar suspendido Abrazar Tararear, oler mal Cazar, buscar, perseguir
help
helped
/d/ /t/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/
hook
hooked
/t/
hop
hopped
/t/
hope
hoped
/t/
hover
hovered
/d/
hug hum hunt
hugged hummed hunted
/d/ /d/ /ed/ or
Manegar, manipular Colgar, ahorcar
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Apresurarse, correr
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
/id/ /d/
hurry
hurried
Identificar Ignorar Imaginar Impresionar Mejorar, aumentar
identify ignore imagine impress improve
identified ignored imagined impressed improved
incluír
include
included
increase
increased
/t/
influence inform
influenced informed
Inyectar
inject
injected
/t/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/
Lesionar, herir, perjudicar
injure
injured
Instruír, constituír
instruct
instructed
Asegurar, afirmar
insure
insured
Intentar, destinar
intend
intended
interest
interested
interfere
interfered
interrupt
interrupted
I
Aumentar, incrementar Influenziar Informar
Interesar, gustar, ofrecer Interferir Interrumpir
Presentar, introducir, introduce mencionar
introduced
Inventar
invent
invented
Invitar
invite
invited
Irritar, molestar, irritate enfadar Picar, sentir itch comezón, hormiguear
/d/ /d/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/
/d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/
irritated
/d/
itched
/t/
jailed
/d/
jammed
/d/
jogged
/d/
J Encarcelar, poner en jail prisión. Atascar, improvisar, jam encasquillarse Estimular, sacudir, jog UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Unir
empugar, refrescar la memoria Unirse, participar juntarse Bromear, contar chisters Juzgar, decidir Hacaer juegos malabares Saltar
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
join
joined
/d/
joke
joked
/t/
judge
judged
/d/
juggle
juggled
/d/
jump
jumped
/t/
Patear, golpear Matar, destruir, apagar Besar Arrodillarse
kick
kicked
/t/
kill
killed
/d/
kiss kneel
kissed kneeled
Tejer, fruncir
knit
knitted
Tocar la puerta
knock
knocked
Anudar, atar, pasar
knot
knotted
/t/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/
label
labeled/labelled
land
landed
last
lasted
laugh
laughed
/ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/
launch
launched
/t/
K
L Etiquetar, rotular, poner un letrero Aterrizar, desembarcar, llegar Durar, continuar, resistir Reir, burlarse Lanzar, iniciar, emprender Filtrarse, gotear Aprender Nivelar, igualar, asestar Licenciar, autorizar Lamer, dar una paliza Mentir, acostarse, descanzar, rposar Aligerar, aclarar, aliviar, iluminar, rlampaguear
/d/
leak leaked learn (irregular learned in BrE)
/t/
level
leveled
/d/
license
licensed
/t/
lick
licked
/t/
lie
lied
/d/
lighten
lightened
/d/
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
/d/
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Gustar, querer, pensar Listar, cotizar, registrar Escuchar Vivir, residir, pasar Cargar, cargarse, peso, cantidad Bloquear, cerrar, desactivar Largo, alto, de muchos años, Mirar, buscar, parecer, observar, parecerse Amar, gustar, querer encantar
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
like
liked
/t/
list
listed
listen live
listened lived
load
loaded
lock
locked
/t/
long
longed
/d/
look
looked
/t/
love
loved
/d/
man
manned
/d/
manage
managed
/d/
march
marched
/t/
mark
marked
/t/
marry match
married matched
/ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/
M Tripular, defnder a, hacer funcionar Gestionar, administrar Marchar, recorrer, hacer marchar Marcar, señalar, calificar Casasrse, desposar Emparejar, igualar
Acoplar, unir, parear mate
mated
Importar, dar Medir, tomar ls medidas, tallar Inmiscuirse, entrometerse
matter
mattered
/d/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/
measure
measured
/d/
meddle
meddled
/d/
Fundir, derretirse
melt
melted
/ed/ or /id/
Memorizar
memorize memorized (memorise BrE)
/d/
mend
mended
/ed/ or /id/
milk
milked
/t/
mine
mined
/d/
Arreglar,mejorar, remediar, zurcir, reformar Ordeñar Extraer, minar, explotar
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Perder, extrañar, fallar Mezclar, combinar, revolver, combinar Gemir, quejarse, pretestar, regañar Amarrar, atracar Llevar luto Moverse, avanzar, trasladar Confundir, embrollar Jarra, tazón, hocico multiplicar Asesinar, arruinar
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
miss
missed
/t/
mix
mixed
/t/
moan
moaned
/d/
moor mourn
moored mourned
/d/ /d/
move
moved
/d/
muddle mug multiply murder
muddled mugged multiplied murdered
/d/ /d/ /d/ /d/
nailed
/d/
named
/d/
N Clavar, enclavar nail Nombrar, mencionar, name bautizar Necesitar, eigir, need reclamar Anidar, encajar, nest hacer su nido Cabecear, mover, inclinar, dar nod cabezadas Notar, obervar, note advertir, constatar Notar, obervar, advertir, constatar, notice advertir, percibir Numerar, contar, number poner numero a
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
needed nested
/ed/ or /id/ /ed/ or /id/
nodded
/d/
noted
/ed/ or /id/
noticed
/t/
numbered
/d/
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Spanish Infinitive O
Simple
Past/past participle
Oponerse, objetar, object poner reparos Obedecer, cumplir, responder obey a Observar observe Obsesionar, obsess causar obsesión Obtener obtain Ocurrir occur Ofender offend Ofrecer offer Abrir open Ordenar order Deber, tener owe deudad Poseer, tener, ser dueño de, own reconocer, confesar
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
Pronunciation of d/ed ending. objected
/ed/ or /id/
obeyed
/d/
observed
/d/
obsessed
/t/
obtained occurred offended offered opened ordered
/d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /d/
owed
/d/
owned
/d/
packed
/t/
paddled painted parked
/d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/
parted
/ed/ or /id/
passed
/t/
pasted
/ed/ or /id/
patted
/ed/ or /id/
paused
/d/
pecked
/t/
pedaled/pedalled
/d/
P Empacar, embalar, pack empaquetarenvasar Chapotear, Azotar paddle Pintar, describir paint estacionar park Separarse, dividir, part repartir Pasar, aprobar, pass adelantar Pegar, empastar, paste engrudar Acariciar, dividir pat en porciones Hacer una pausa, pause detenerse picotear peck Pedalear, pedal descascarillar UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
peel Asomar, mirar peep furtivamente Realizar, desempeñar, perform ejecutar, cumplir, hacer Permitir permit Perseguir, persue continuar Telefonear, llamar phone (normally por telephono BrE) Recoger, seleccionar, pick buscar, criticar Pellizcar, apretar, pinch agarrar, robar Languidecer, pine pino,, piña Colocar, poner, place situar, asentar Planificar, planear, hacer el plan plande Plantar, sembrar plant Jugar, tocar, interpretar, play desempeñar Complacer, please agradar, contentar Enchuflar, tapar, plug atascar Apuntar, dirigir, point señalar con el dedo Meter, empugar, poke asomar, atizar Pulir, limpiar, polish refinar Saltar, Explotar, pop Pinchar Posseer, Tener, possess haber Enviar, poner, post anunciar, mandar Derramar, Echar, pour UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
peeled
/d/
peeped
/t/
performed
/d/
permitted
/ed/ or /id/
persued
/d/
phoned
/d/
picked
/t/
pinched
/t/
pined
/d/
placed
/t/
planned
/d/
planted
/ed/ or /id/
played
/d/
pleased
/d/
plugged
/d/
pointed
/ed/ or /id/
poked
/t/
polished
/t/
popped
/t/
possessed
/t/
posted
/ed/ or /id/
poured
/d/
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
Colar, Salir en borbotones Practicar, ejercer, practice (practise tener BrE) Orar, rezar, pray suplicar Predicar, sermonear, preach aconsejar Preceden, precede anteceder Preferir prefer Preparar prepare Presentar, exponerse, ofrecer, present mostrar, planterar Preservar, preserve proteger Pulsar, presionar, press oprimir, apretar Pretender, fingir, pretend suponer, disimular Evitar, impedir, prevent excusar Pinchar, remorder, prick transplantar Imprimir, publicar, estampar, print grabar Producir produce Programar program Prometer promise Proteger protect Proveer provide Tirar, extraer, pull arrancar Bombear, inyectar, Accionar pump un abomba Perforar, golpear, punch hacer Perforar, reventar puncture a, pinchar Castigar, maltratar punish Empugar, push UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
practiced
/t/
prayed
/d/
preached
/t/
preceded
/ed/ or /id/
preferred prepared
/d/ /d/
presented
/ed/ or /id/
preserved
/d/
pressed
/t/
pretended
/ed/ or /id/
prevented
/ed/ or /id/
pricked
/t/
printed
/ed/ or /id/
produced programmed promised protected provided
/t/ /d/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/
pulled
/d/
pumped
/t/
punched
/t/
punctured
/d/
punished pushed
/t/ /t/
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
presionar, apretar Q Cuestionar, question preguntar Hacer una cola o queue una trenza
questioned
/d/
queued
/d/
race
raced
/t/
radiate
radiated
/ed/ or /id/
rain
rained
/d/
raise
raised
/d/
reach
reached
/t/
realize (realise BrE)
realized
/d/
receive
received
/d/
recognize (recognise BrE)
recognized
/d/
record
recorded
/ed/ or /id/
reduce
reduced
/t/
reflect
reflected
/ed/ or /id/
refuse
refused
/d/
regret
regretted
/ed/ or /id/
reign
reigned
/d/
reject
rejected
/ed/ or /id/
rejoyce
rejoyced
/t/
relax
relaxed
/t/
release
released
/t/
rely
relied
/d/
remain
remained
/d/
R Competir, ir a máxima velocidad Irradiar, radiar, difundir Llover, verterse Elevar, levantar, criar, mejorar Llegar, alcanzar, lograr, abarcar Realizar, darse cuenta de Recibir, cobrar, aceptar Reconocer Grabar, Registrar, inscribir Reducir Reflejar, reflexionar, meditar Rechazar, denegar, impugnar Lamentar, Sentir Reinar, imperar, prevalecer Rechazar, desestimar, desechar Regocijarcce, alegrar Relajarse, Suavisar, mitigar Soltar, lanzar, publicar Confiar Permanecer, quedarse,
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
continuar Recordar remember Recordar algo a remind Remover remove Reparar repair Repetir repeat Reemplazar replace Responder, reply contestar Informar, report comunicar, relatar Reproducir reproduce Solicitar, pedir, request rogar Rescatar, salvar rescue Retirarse, retire jubilarse Volver, regresar, return contestar Rimar, cubrirse de rhyme hielo Aclarar, enjuagar rinse Arriesgar, risk exponer, aventurar Robar rob Mecer, sacudirse rock Rodar, enrollar, roll laminar Pudrirse, pudrir, rot descomponer Frotar, rozar rub Arruinar, ruin estropear, perder Gobernar, decidir, rule regir Precipitarse, rush lanzarse
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
remembered reminded removed repaired repeated replaced
/d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /t/
replied
/d/
reported
/ed/ or /id/
reproduced
/t/
requested
/ed/ or /id/
rescued
/d/
retired
/d/
returned
/d/
rhymed
/d/
rinsed
/t/
risked
/t/
robbed rocked
/d/ /t/
rolled
/d/
rotted
/ed/ or /id/
rubbed
/d/
ruined
/d/
ruled
/d/
rushed
/t/
sacked
/t/
sailed
/d/
satisfied
/d/
S Despedir, saquear, sack despachar Navegar, gobernar, ir en sail barco Satisfacer, satisfy UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
complacer Guardar Serrar madera, tocar rasgando el violín Asustar, intimidar Dispersar, esparcir, desparramarse Gritar Quemar Raspar, arañar Rayar, rascar, rasguñar Gritar, chillar, berrear Atornillar Garabatear, escribir de prisa sin cuidado Fregar, restregar, depurar Sellar, cerrar herméticamente Buscar, registrar, examinar Separar, dividir, aislar, apartar Servir Establecerse, liquidar Sombrear, dar sombra Compartir
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
save
saved
/d/
saw
sawed
/d/
scare
scared
/d/
scatter
scattered
/d/
scold scorch scrape
scolded scorched scraped
/ed/ or /id/ /t/ /t/
scratch
scratched
/t/
scream
screamed
/d/
screw
screwed
/d/
scribble
scribbled
/d/
scrub
scrubbed
/d/
seal
sealed
/d/
search
searched
/t/
separate
separated
/ed/ or /id/
serve
served
/d/
settle
settled
/d/
shade
shaded
/d/
shared
/d/
shaved
/d/
sheltered
/d/
shivered
/d/
shocked
/t/
shopped
/t/
share shave (also Afeitarse, cepillar irregular) Albergar, shelter proteger, abrigar Temblar, estremecerse, shiver hacer añicos Escandalizar, lastimar, shock sobresaltar Hacer compras, shop UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
denunciar Encogerse de shrug hombros Suspirar, susurrar sigh pecar sin Sorber, probar sip Esquiar ski Omitir, saltarse, skip rebotar Abofetear slap Deslizarse, dejar, slip eludir Retardar, reducir slow la velocidad Aplastar, destruir smash Oler, olfatear smell Sonreir smile Fumar, ahumar, smoke humear Arrebatar, robar a snatch Estornudar sneeze Oler, olfatear, husmear, sorber sniff por las narices Roncar snore Nevar snow Empapar, remojar soak Calmar, aliviar soothe Sonar,parecer, sondear, tocar, sound resonar De repuesto, Veerb ahorrar, spare evitar, escatimar Chispear, prcipitar spark Brillar, detellar sparkle spell (irregular in Deletrear BrE) spill (irregular in Derramar BrE) Estropear, echar a spoil perder Manchar spot Rociar, pulverizar spray UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
shrugged
/d/
sighed sinned sipped skied
/d/ /d/ /t/ /d/
skipped
/t/
slapped
/t/
slipped
/t/
slowed
/d/
smashed smelled smiled
/t/ /d/ /d/
smoked
/t/
snatched sneezed
/t/ /d/
sniffed
/t/
snored snowed soaked soothed
/d/ /d/ /t/ /d/
sounded
/d/
spared
/d/
sparked sparkled
/t/ /d/
spelled
/d/
spilled
/d/
spoiled
/d/
spotted sprayed
/ed/ or /id/ /d/
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Declamar, recitar Aplastar Crujir Denunciar, quejarse Exprimir, apretar, oprimir Manchar, teñir Estampar, marcar Mirar fijamente Iniciar, comenzar Asustar, alarmar Permanecer, quedarse Dirigir, conducir, guiar, gobernar Dar un paso, escalonar Revolver, remover, moverse Coser, suturar Detener, parar, suspender Almacenar, archivar, poner en reserva Atar con correa Fortalecer, reforzar Estirar, forzar Desnudarse, estropear Acariciar Rellenar, llenar Sustraer Triunfar, tener éxito, heredar Sorber Sufrir, padecer Sugerir, indicar, aconsejar Adaptar, Ajustar, acomodar Suministrar,
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
spout squash squeak
spouted squashed squeaked
/ed/ or /id/ /t/ /t/
squeal
squealed
/d/
squeeze
squeezed
/d/
stain stamp stare start startle
stained stamped stared started startled
/d/ /t/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/ /d/
stay
stayed
/d/
steer
steered
/d/
step
stepped
/t/
stir
stirred
/d/
stitch
stitched
/t/
stop
stopped
/t/
store
stored
/d/
strap
strapped
/t/
strengthen
strengthened
/d/
stretch
stretched
/t/
strip
stripped
/t/
stroke stuff subtract
stroked stuffed subtracted
/t/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/
succeed
succeeded
/ed/ or /id/
suck suffer
sucked suffered
/t/ /d/
suggest
suggested
/ed/ or /id/
suit
suited
/ed/ or /id/
supply
supplied
/d/
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
proporcionar, abastecer Apoyar, respaldar support Suponer, creer, suppose figurarse Sorprender, surprise extrañar, asombrar Rodear, envolver surround Sospechar, suspect imaginar Suspender suspend Interruptor – Verb switch Cambiar, agitar
supported
/ed/ or /id/
supposed
/d/
surprised
/d/
surrounded
/ed/ or /id/
suspected
/ed/ or /id/
suspended
/ed/ or /id/
switched
/t/
talked
/t/
tamed
/d/
tapped
/t/
tasted teased
/ed/ or /id/ /d/
telephoned
/d/
tempted
/ed/ or /id/
terrified
/d/
tested
/ed/ or /id/
thanked thawed ticked
/t/ /d/ /t/
tickled
/d/
tied
/d/
timed
/d/
tipped
/t/
tired
/d/
T Hablar, conversar talk Domar, tame domesticar Grifo- verb aprovechar, tap explotar, utilizar, conectyar Probar, gustar taste Molestar, fastidiar tease telephone telefonear (normally BrE) Tentar, atraer, tempt seducir Aterrorizar, terrify atemorizar Probar, examinar, test experimentar Agradecer thank Deshelar, derretir thaw marcar tick Cosquillear, tickle hacesr cosquillar Atar, empatar, tie enlazar Cronometear, time sincronizar R4ecomendar, dar tip una propina Cansarce, fatigar, tire aburrir UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Tocar, contactar, Touch alcanzar Recorrer, visitar Tour Remolcar, Tow Rastrear, Trace localizar, encontrar Comerciar, Trade vender, traficar Entrenar, capacitar, formar, Train adiestrar Transportar, llevar, conducir, transport deportar Atrapar, Entrampar, Trap hacae4r caer, adornar Viajar, recorrer, desplazarse, Travel moverse Tratar, curar, atender a , Treat convidar Templar, Tremble estremecerse Engañar, trampear, burlar, Trick estafar Gotear, dejar caer Trickle gota a gota Caer, hacer Trip tropezar, Trotar Trot Molestar, peocuparse, Trouble preocupar Confiar, esperar Trust Intentar, probar, Try juzgar Tirar de, remolcar Tug Caer, tumbar Tumble Girar, Convertir, Turn Trasnsformar Torcer, girar, Twist UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
touched
/t/
toured towed
/d/ /d/
traced
/t/
traded
/ed/ or /id/
trained
/d/
transported
/ed/ or /id/
trapped
/t/
traveled/travelled
/d/
treated
/ed/ or /id/
trembled
/d/
tricked
/t/
trickled
/d/
tripped
/t/
trotted
/ed/ or /id/
troubled
/d/
trusted
/ed/ or /id/
tried
/d/
tugged tumbled
/d/ /d/
turned
/d/
twisted
/ed/ or /id/
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
retorcer Escribri a Type máquina, clasificar
typed
/t/
underestimate
underestimated
/ed/ or /id/
undress
undressed
/t/
unfasten
unfastened
/d/
unite
united
/d/
unlock
unlocked
/t/
unpack
unpacked
/t/
use
used
/d/
U Subestimar, menospreciar Desvestir, desvestirce Desabrochar Unir, unirse, unificar Descubrir, abrir cerradura, desbloquear Desempaquetar, desembalar, vaciar Utilizar, usar, emplear, aprovechar, manejar Spanish Simple Infinitive
Past/past participle
Pronunciation of d/ed ending.
V Desaparecer, desvanecer vanish Verificar, constatar, verify controlar Ver, considerar, contemplat view
vanished
/t/
verified
/d/
viewed
Visitar
visit
visited
/d/ /ed/ or /id/
wail
walled
wait
waited
walk wander
walked wandered
Querer
want
wanted
Calentar, entibir
warm
warmed
/d/
Advertir, avisar, prevenir warn Lavar, bañarse wash Perder, desperdiciar, gastar, waste derrochar
warned washed
/d/ /t/ /ed/ or /id/
W Gemir, lamentarse, quejrse, protestar Esperar, aguardar, servir, guardar Caminar, pasear, recorrer Vagar, deambularviajar
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
wasted
/d/
/t/ /d/ /ed/ or /id/
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Ver, mirar, observar, vigilar, tener cidado Regar, abrevar, mojar, lagrimear Agitear, ondear, flotar, ondular Pesar, ponderear Acoger, recibir, aprobar Silbar, Gañir Azotar, fustigar, provocar Dar vueltas, arremolinarse Susurrar, cuchichear Silvar, pitar Guiñar, parpadear Limpiar, secar, enjugar, sear los platos Deseo Tambalearse Preguntarse, asombrarse, maravillarse Trabajar, funcionar, hacer Preocuparse, inquietar Envolver, rodear Arruinar, hundir, desbaratar Bracear, luchar contra Menear, menearse
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
watch
watched
/t/
water
watered
/d/
wave
waved
/d/
weigh welcome whine whip whirl whisper whistle wink
weighed welcomed whined whipped whirled whispered whistled winked
/d/ /d/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /d/ /d/ /t/
wipe
wiped
/t/
wish wobble
wished wobbled
/t/ /d/
wonder
wondered
/d/
work worry wrap wreck wrestle wiggle
worked worried wrapped wrecked wrestled wiggled
/t/ /d/ /t/ /t/ /d/ /d/
Radiografiar
x-ray
x-rayed
/d/
Bostezar, abrirse Gritar, chillar, vociferar
yawn yell
yawned yelled
/d/ /d/
Cerrar, silbar, descubrirse Aumentar, enfocar
zip zoom
zipped zoomed
/t/ /d/
X Y
Z
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
Regular and Irregular Verbs in English By Francis Lide, Elaine Bacon Literacy Program As a learning strategy, assume that all verbs are regular unless you learn them is irregular. Regular verbs are formed by an –ed suffix on the verb work worked worked (pronounced /t/) live lived lived (pronounced /d /) wait waited waited (pronounced /Id/) The pronunciation /t/ occurs when the verb ends in the sounds /f/, /k/, /p/, /s/, /,/t/ as in reach, // as in fifth. The pronunciation /d/ occurs when the verb ends in a vowel or the sounds /b/, /d/, /g/, /d/ as in ridge, college, /l/, /m/, /n/,/ / (the sound represented by ng), /r/, /v/, /z/, and / / as in breathe. The pronunciation /Id/ occurs when the verb ends in –t or –d: waited, mended. Listed below are the principal parts of the more frequent irregular verbs. They are called the principal parts because if you know them for a given verb you can derive all the forms of that verb. In the left-hand column is the infinitive or dictionary form, the form frequently used with to. It’s also the form of the present tense: ―I do that all the time.‖ The middle column is the past tense: ―I did it yesterday.‖ The right column lists the past participle: ―I haven’t done it yet.‖ With the verbs below, I have tried to create example sentences to make remembering the principle parts easier. Good example sentences are not always easy to think up, so with some verb forms there are no examples. The most irregular verb in English is the verb to be: I am
you are
he (she, it) is
we are
Imperative: Be nice to her. Don’t be angry. Past: I was
he (she, it) was
you were, we were , they were
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
they are.
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
I have been The following irregular verbs do not add an –ed suffix but show the change in tense by change in the vowel in the past tense and sometimes in the past participle. In some verbs the past participle ends in –(e)n. Note that many of these verbs change the vowel according to certain patterns: do I do it all the time. drink I drink a lot of orange juice. sink To sink to the bottom. ring The bell rings.
did done I did it yesterday. I haven’t done it yet. drank drunk I drank all the orange Have you drunk your juice orange juice yet? sank sunk He sank into a chair. rang rung The bell rang ten The bell hasn’t rung minutes ago. yet. sing sang sung spring sprang (sprung) sprung swim swam swum We swim in Lake Yesterday we swam in Have you ever swum in Superior every August. Lake Superior. Lake Superior? shrink shrank shrunk Woolen clothes shrink I shrank the computer Have your clothes easily. file to fit onto one page. shrunk? — No, I’ve just gained weight. stink stank stunk Something stinks in this He stank of alcohol. You’ve stunk up the room. house with your cooking! run ran run Don’t run so fast! I ran home yesterday. I’ve never run that fast. begin began begun We begin at eight We began at eight We haven’t begun yet. o’clock. o’clock. freeze froze frozen I’m freezing! I froze out in the cold. The ice cubes have frozen. – I’m frozen! speak spoke spoken You speak clearly. He spoke for fifteen He hasn’t spoken yet. UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
steal To steal cars. break /ei/ My car breaks down a lot. choose I choose that all the time. swear /Er/ tear /Er/. Don’t tear your coat. wear /Er/ I wear that outfit all the time drive You drive fast. ride I ride the bus a lot. write You write beautifully. eat I eat sushi all the time.
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
minutes. stole Somebody stole my car. broke My car broke down yesterday. chose I chose that yesterday. swore tore I tore my coat yesterday. wore I wore that outfit yesterday. drove She drove very fast. rode Yesterday I rode the bus. wrote I wrote her a note yesterday. ate (/ei/ in US English) I ate sushi yesterday.
see I see her every day. fall Leaves fall in the fall.
saw I saw her yesterday. fell She fell in love with the guy! get got I get tired very easily. I got very tired yesterday. forget forgot I forget that all the time. I forgot to tell her yesterday. give gave UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
stolen My car was stolen. broken My car has never broken down. chosen I haven’t chosen yet. sworn torn I’ve torn my coat. worn I’ve never worn that outfit. driven I have never driven so fast. ridden I have never ridden the local bus. written I haven’t written her yet. eaten I have never eaten sushi. seen I haven’t seen her yet. fallen I’ve fallen in love. gotten, got It has gotten very cold. forgotten I haven’t forgotten. given
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
Give me ten dollars.
I gave her ten dollars.
came She came here yesterday. became overcame bit The dog bit me.
I have never given them any money. forgiven His wife has never forgiven him. come She has never come here. become overcome bitten I was bitten by the dog.
forgive I’ll never forgive him for that. come She comes here a lot.
forgave His wife forgave him.
hid She hid the candy from the children.
hidden Where have you hidden my present?
blow In February the snow blows around a lot.
blew The wind blew the snow onto the road.
blown The wind-blown snow.
know I know that already.
knew I knew that yesterday.
known I have known that for a long time.
throw Throw me my car keys.
threw The accident threw her from the car.
thrown She was thrown from the car.
grow Children grow up fast.
grew grown My children grew up in You’ve grown up since America. I saw you last.
become overcome bite Some dogs bite. hide Hide this from the children.
fly I fly home a lot.
flew I flew home last summer.
flown I have never flown in my life.
draw I’ll draw you a map.
drew She drew me a map.
drawn Has he drawn you a map?
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
withdraw I withdraw my objection.
withdrew I withdrew my objection.
withdrawn I have withdrawn my objection.
shake
shook
shaken
take Take some aspirin.
took I took those pills an hour ago.
taken Have you taken your pills?
bind
bound
bound
wind /ai/
wound /au/
wound
unwind
unwound
unwound
find I can’t find my car keys.
found I found your car keys!
found. Have you found your car keys?
grind Could you grind some coffee for breakfast?
ground I ground the coffee for breakfast.
ground Have you ground the coffee yet?
hold Hold the baby, please.
held He held the baby awkwardly.
held Have you never held a baby?
dig
dug
dug
stick Stick with me, kid.
stuck The boy stuck close to his mother.
stuck You should have stuck with me.
strike That strikes me as stupid.
struck That struck me as stupid.
struck That has always struck me as stupid.
win Who will win the prize?
won /V/ Who won the prize?
won I have never won a prize.
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
sit I always sit by the window.
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
sat She always sat by the window.
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
sat I have never sat by the window.
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
fight The children fight a lot.
fought The children always fought a lot.
fought Have you never fought with your brothers or sisters?
stand Come in. Don’t stand out in the cold.
stood She just stood out in the cold.
stood I have never stood out in the cold so long.
understand I understand that.
understood I thought I understood him.
understood I haven’t understood a word you said.
bleed
bled
bled
feed It’s time to feed the dog.
fed I fed the dog an hour ago.
fed Have you fed the dog yet?
feel I feel sick.
felt I felt sick yesterday.
felt I have never felt so sick in my life.
go I go to the movies a lot.
went I went to the movies yesterday.
gone Have you ever gone to the movies in this country?
The following irregular verbs add a –t or –d suffix and usually change the vowel. have (she has) Have a good time at the party.
had I had a good time.
had I have never had such a good time.
bend
bent
bent
build
built
built
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
buy Buy yourself a car.
bought /O/ She bought a car
bought /O/ Have you bought a car yet?
think I think about that a lot.
thought /O/ I thought about that yesterday.
thought /O/ Have you ever thought about that?
bring Bring me a glass of water, please.
brought /O/ My husband brought me that from China.
brought /O/ What have you brought me from China?
catch Where can I catch the bus?
caught /kOt I caught that bus this morning.
caught /kOt/ I’ve caught a bad cold.
teach What subject do you teach/
taught /tOt/ Who taught his class yesterday?
taught /tOt/ Has the teacher taught you anything?
deal /i/ He’s hard to deal with.
dealt /E/ I dealt with him yesterday.
dealt /E/ I have never dealt with him.
mean /i/ That’s not what I mean.
meant /E/ I meant to tell you yesterday.
meant /E/ You haven’t meant a word you said, have you?
read /i/ I read the newspaper every day.
read /E/ I read that in the paper yesterday.
read /E/ Have you read today’s paper yet?
lead Lead the way in your car..
led She led the way in her car.
led Where have you lead us?
leave When do you leave town?
left She left town yesterday.
left They haven’t left town yet.
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
feel How do you feel.
felt I felt sick yesterday.
felt I had never felt so sick in my life.
sleep Did you sleep well?
slept I slept poorly
slept I haven’t slept so well in a long time.
meet I would like for you to meet my husband.
met I met her husband yesterday.
met Have you met my husband?
hear /ir/ I hear that all the time.
heard /Er/ I heard that yesterday.
heard I haven’t heard that yet.
lose /u/ Don’t lose you car keys.
lost /O/ I lost my car keys yesterday.
lost /O/ Have you lost your car keys?
tell She tells everybody that.
told She told me that yesterday.
told She hasn’t told me yet.
sell They sell that in the supermarket.
sold They sold their car yesterday.
sold Have you sold your car yet?
make I want to make friends here.
made She made friends very quickly.
made I haven’t made any friends here yet.
pay I need to pay the phone bill.
paid I paid the phone bill yesterday.
paid Have you paid the phone bill yet?
send Do they send you letters?
sent I sent the letter yesterday.
sent Have you sent the letter yet?
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
spend Why do you spend so much money?
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
spent He spent a lot of money in New York
lend lent I never lend her money. I lent her $20 last week. say /ei/, she says /E/ She says that all the time.
said /E/ I said that yesterday.
spent Have you spent all the money already? lent How much have you lent her? said /E/ I’ve never said that.
The following verbs are frequently confused by native speakers. lie (as lie in bed) I was lying in bed.
lay I lay down to sleep.
lain (infrequent)
lay Lay it on the table.
laid I laid it on the table.
laid Where have you laid the car keys.
sit Sit down.
sat I sat around all day yesterday.
sat I haven’t sat around so long in a long time.
set Be sure to set the clock.
set I set the clock yesterday.
set Have you set the clock back?
Lay and set are transitive. They require an object: Lay it on the table. Set it in the corner. But: I was lying in bed. I was sitting on the sofa. The following verbs do not change in form: beat Be sure to beat the eggs.
beat I beat the eggs a minute ago.
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
beat, beaten Have you beaten the eggs yet?
Ministerio de Educación Dirección Nacional de Educación Gerencia de Programas Complementarios
Universidad Francisco Gavidia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Educativo CIDE/UFG-2011
burst Don’t burst the balloon.
burst She burst into the room.
burst
hurt That hurts!
hurt I hurt my hand yesterday.
hurt Have you hurt your hand?
cost It costs me a lot of money.
cost It cost me a lot of money yesterday.
cost It hasn’t cost me much money yet.
cut Cut the grass.
cut I cut the grass yesterday
cut Have you cut the grass yet?
shut Be sure to shut the windows.
shut I shut the windows before the rain.
shut Have you shut all the windows?
hit Don’t hit your head on the car door.
hit hit Ouch! I hit my head on Have you ever hit your the car door. head on the car door?
split
split
split
let Let out the dog.
let I let the dog out an hour ago.
let Have you let out the dog?
spread
spread
spread
quit Let’s quit.
quit They quit an hour ago.
quit Haven’t they quit yet?
UFG/Licda. Bárbara Merino, English Teacher
