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lntroduction consultation towardsthe development was Stakeholder ofthe nextEUroadsafetyactionprogramme2011-2020 out bythe European Commission betweenJulyandDecember 2009.This consultation comprised a seriesof six workshoosandan ¡nternetconsultation andculminates in a stakeholder conference on 2"dDecember, 2009. Basedon the resultsof the consultation, th¡sbackground documentpresents an overviewof keyproblemsand fiespriorityactionswhichcouldbe implemented TheEuropean at EU,national,regional, and locallevels. C priority positive public requiresthe recommendat¡ons for actionto achievea impacton roadsafetyand healthwhi alsoimprov¡ngmobility,energy,the environment andthe economy.
2
Preliminary resultsof publiclnternetconsultat¡on
process, As part of the consultation an internetconsultat¡on waslaunchedon 25'hSeptember2009to run online governmental eightweeksuntil 20'hNovember2009.Theobjectivewasto engageEuropean citizens, stakeholders professional nat¡onal, regionaland locallevels,business and sectors, in identifyingthe:
. Keyroadsafetyproblems to beaddressed bytheEuropean RSAP fortheperiod2011-2020. . Pr¡ority injuryacross actions to address theunacceptable andcostlylevels of roaddeathandserious theEU. 2.1
Repliesreceivedto the tnternetconrultat¡on
2.1.1 Responses and type of respondents paperhasanalysed Thisbackground responses to the Internetquestionnaire received by 20'hNovemberwhich o/o) o/o (55 public 496.Most spokeon behalfof an organisat¡on or a authoritywh¡le45 responded asindividuals. by differentgroupsto 13thNovember2009whena totalof 292onlineresponses to the Internetconsultation had received havealsobeenanalysed. Typeof respondents The respondents citedcars,bicycles or publictransportasthe¡rmostfrequentlyusedmodeof transport.Almost60 roadusers(motorcyclists, of the respondents wereusersof carsor trucks,morethan20o/o werevulnerable cyclists, mopedusers)and under20o/ousedpublictransportor othermeans. Almost30Voidentifiedthemselves Almost180/o werefrom pr¡vatecom aspr¡vateindiv¡dual. of the respondents and 25o/o from associations/NGOs. Morethan 127oof respondents werefrom national,regionaland localgovern '1070 from academicinstitutions. The groupof "other"(57o)includedresearch inst¡tutes, EuropeanComm and pol¡ce,international organisations, etc. Country rcsponses Morethan920/o livedin European fromEU25olo ofthe respondents UnionMemberStates. Outofthe respondents were fromGermany, 1090from Belgiumand 6Vof¡omAustria. Therewereno respondents fromtwo Un¡tedKingdom,11o/o - Cyprusand Malta- andthreecountries (Bulgaria, countries Estonia, and Lithuania) hadonlyone respondent from
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2,2 Perceptionof road safety perceived In general76o/oof respondents thattrafficissafernowthan10yearsagoand2'10/o thoughtthe
while5 0/odid not know.Respondents from organisations and from countrieswith low fatalityratesand largecasua decreases weregenerallymorepositivethanthe average. weremorevariedon the safetyof the different Opin¡ons fic modesand roadtypesasillustrated in Figurel. In generalrespondents feltthattrafficwassafercomparedto 10yea ago,but motorcycl¡sts, mopedsand cyclistareseenaslesssafe¡ntraffictoday.
r sdcr
Lcsssl.
Don'tknow
Urbanroads Ruralro¿ds Pedestrians Clclists M o p r dr i d . r s
Caroccupdrts Cardrivars
FigureI
2,3
perception General of safetycompatedto 10yeorsago bymodeond infrastructurc
Scopeof the next Europeanroad safetyaction program
2.3.1 What are the most important road safetyproblems? Roadsafetyperformance and socialcostsinvolved - both in Respondents weredividedwhen it cameto definingthe mainroadsafetyissues, however,most(780lo) groups identifythe numbersof deathasthe primaryissuein roadsafety.But47 and by the differentrespondent alsoconsider the levelof societalimpactof deathand long-terminjuryand45o/o the coststo the soc¡etyas Therewereadditionalcommentsfrom70 respondents and manyconcluded that the threeopt¡onsareinterrelated (2o/o that it ¡sd ifficultto choosetwo of them.Mostrespondents citedthe costsof carcrashes of GDP)and the¡ri on societyand trafficasbeingmost¡mportant. Road safety problemsand rood users Youngdrivers(630/o), cardrivers(317o)and poweredtwo-wheelerusers(397o) werein generalidentifiedasthe mai casualtyproblems. However, usersof publictransportfoundcar users(527o)to be the maincasualtyproblemfollowedby young (500/d and cyclists(277o). Thegroupof respondents findingtrafficlesssafethan 10yearsago alsofoundcyclists(27 problem young to be the maincasualty togetherwith drivers(530/o) andcardrivers(51o/o). lmpact of societal changes Regardingthe impact of societalchange,the majorityof respondentsidentifiedlifestylechangeasthe pr¡mary
in roadsafety(590lo), but changein transportmode(5070) andageingofsocietyalsoplayedan importantrole(45o/o).
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2.3.2 Countermeasures:infrastructures, road users,enforcement, vehicle safety lnfrastructurc Amonoallthe respondents the mostimoortantcountermeasures on infrastructure areassessed to be road - appropriatematchbetweenfunction,speedl¡mit,design,layout(570/o), facilitiesfor pedestrians and cyclists(57 o/o) (477o).Mostgrou ¡nurbanareas(49 and implementation speedmanagement of safetyauditand safetyinspection priority. gavethesecountermeasures high (43o/oof the total)to be an ¡mporta in ruralareaswasfound by manygroupsof respondents Speedmanagement Respondents fromcountrieswith highfatalityratesalsofoundsafetyimpactassessment countermeasure. of land planningand roadinfrastructure ¡mportant. Addit¡onalcommentsfrom stressed that speedlimitsshouldbe understandable and somesuggested variable rural limitsaccording to timeandday.lt wassuggested that roadsshouldgenerallybe madebetterandfr¡endlier, neededto be improved,safercrashbarriersfor motorcycles wereneededas werebettertrafficmarkingsand facil¡t¡es for pedestrians and cycl¡st. Roadusers wereassessed Amongall the respondents the most importantcountermeasures to be socialmarketing/ (657o),safetyqualityof driverlicensing safetyeducat¡on to encourage compliance with ruleson safebehaviour and (60 (56 high priority. ing standards 7o)and safetyqualityof drivertraining 7o).All groupsgavethesecountermeasures Additionalcomments¡ndicated that trainingdrivers/riders shouldtakeresponsibility for the¡ract¡onsand Therewasa needto increasepublicawareness in generalthrough bettertraining the humanbody'sweakness. Theyalsostressed the ¡mportance of startingto teachresponsibility and good drivingand ridingbehaviou schools. from a veryyoungage in schools. lt wasalsosuggested that re-testing of motoristsshouldbe carriedout everyfive ten yearsroads,cyclists'behaviourshouldbecomea mandatorypart of the testfor truckdriversand thereshould who wantto usea poweredtwo wheeler. theoret¡cal and practical trainingfor teenagers Enforcement Amongallthe respondents the mostimportantcountermeasures on enforcement wereassessed to be combined (60o/dand licityand policeenforcement of ¡mportantsafetyrules(737o),deterrence of drinkingand driving/riding forcementof speedlimit(570/o). All groupsgivethesecountermeasures highpr¡ority. for causingdeathby driving Additionalcommentsindicatedthat punishmentshouldbe moresevere, e.g.penalties linewith otherformsof causingdeathby negligence or manslaughter. lt wasalsosuggested that enforcement is provedthroughreintroduc¡ng policepatrols,moreenforcement ofcrashhelmetusageand ofeye sighttesting. Vehiclesafety Highpriorityshouldbe be givento preventingcrashes throughbetterbrakes,lighting,intelligentsystems(54olo), venting¡njur¡es throughbetteroccupantprotection(477o)aswellas improvingthe safetyqualityof vehiclestanda (397o)and carc(4Oo/ol. and equ¡pmentfor heavycommercial vehicles Vehicleinspection wasalsoseenasan importantissueaswellasthe needfor improvedsafetyqualityof vehiclesta fromcountries with highfatal ardsandequipmentfor poweredtwo wheelerswasseenasimportantby respondents ratesand laroedecreases. safetyfor otherroad Additionalcommentshighlightedthat the safetyin carsshouldfocusmoreon increasing pedestrians especially and poweredtwo wheelers.
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2.3.3 Institutiona!managementof road safety I nstitutionalleadershipand coordination Thelackof pol¡ticalwillingness to priorit¡ze roadsafety,insuffic¡ent integrat¡on and coordination of activityand lack performance highlevelreviewofsafetymanagement havebeenconsidered asthe keyproblemsin institutional shioandcoordination. from organisations, Respondents the groupmostlyusingcarsand thosefindingcurrenttrafficsaferthan beforea foundthe lackof defin¡tionof roadsafetyobjectives to be an importantproblem.Thelackof a lead agencyfor roadsafetywasalsomentioned,particularly by respondents of countreswith a h¡ghfatalityrate. who providedadditionalcommentsbelievedthat governments Mostrespondents hesitateaboutsafetyregulation fearof unpopularity. Somebelievedthatthe EUcouldcoordinate betterto encourage countries to adoptregulations. Legislation,funding and resourceollocation, promotion generallyc¡tedlimitedresources The respondents dedicatedto roadsafety,insufficient harmonization of road promotion rulesand standards and insufficient and communication on roadsafetyasthe keyproblems. statedthat therewastoo littlefunding,or that moneyshouldbe usedbetteror that thereshould Otherrespondents moreharmonization. Monitoring and evaluation,knowledgetrcnsleh research ratedthe lackof periodic,independent Respondents reviewof roadsafetyperformance, lackof healthsectormonit ¡ngto establishunder-reporting of ¡njuriesand lackof harmonised definitionof seriousinjuryasthe keyproblems monitoringandevaluation, knowledgetransferand research. Respondents fromthe groupmostlyusingpublictransportaswellasvulnerableroadusersalsofoundthe lackof (serious, on distancetravelled(vehiclekms)to be an importantproblem.Problems with crashinjuryclassification injuries) weregivena high rat¡ngby respondents from countrieswith high fatalityratesand largecasualty Therewereadditionalcommentsfrom33respondents on monitoringandevaluation, knowledgetransferand
foundlackof knowledge Therespondents andknowledge sharing in general, lackof an international classification ¡njur¡es, to theirseriousness, problematic. accord¡ng andthelackof useof hospital records 2.4
Theroleof the EU
2.4.1 lntegrationwith other policies believedthatthe integration Mostrespondents of roadsafetyintootherareasof EUpolicyhasonlybeenpart¡ally t¡veand 20o/othoughtthat that integrat¡on wasineffective. In particulatrespondents recommended more policy, policy policy.Respondents health in education and environmental from manygroupsalsobelievedi and socialpol¡cyimportant.Therewereadditionalcommentswhichcalledfor improvement into research in EU
2.4.2 Prioritylor act¡ons¡n the RoadSafetyAction Programme generallyindicatedthatthe priorityareasof ¿ctionsshouldbe fundingeffectiveroadsafetyactivities, Respondents poslnga European roadsafetyobject¡ve to 2020,supportingroadsafetyresearch andapplyingroadsafetystandards alsothoughtlegislation allroads.Manyrespondents andrecommendations wherethe EUhascompetence an im action.
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Therewereadditionalcommentson pr¡orityareasfor EUnext roadsafetyprogrammes. The mostcommon wasthe needto harmoniseregulations. Otherssuggested settinga goalfor the reductionof numberof deathsa injuries, etc. 2.4.3 New technologies (770/o) Generally allgroupsof respondents believedtherewasa needfor EUactionto ¡ncrease the marketacceptance newtechnologies, innovative In particular and ¡ntelligent transportsolutions. theysawestablishing the safetyeffects pr¡or newtechnologies to widespread application and intelligentspeedadaptation / speedadjust/ speedalert/ limitersasoossiblefieldsof action. Manyrespondents alsofound advancedbrakingand handlingsystemsin all motorvehicles(likeESC/ESP), coll avoidance systems and dynamictrafficmanagement to be importantEUactionson newtechnologies.
3
Resultsof thematicworkshops
Sixthemat¡cworkshopswerecarriedout betweenJulyand October2009.Theworkshops compriseda major ofthe stakeholder consultation on the development ofthe next roadsafetyactionprogramme2012-2020. themes,technicalpresenters and delegates wereidentifiedby the European Commission. Delegates comprised policyand research holderorganisation, experts. Thethemeswere: . Vulnerable and unprotected roadusers, . Vehiclesafetytechnologyand management, . Roadsafetyeconomics, . Saferdrivingin EUthroughtrain¡ng, educat¡on andenforcement, . Safetyof non-motorway, non-urbanroadsin Europeand . Roadsafetycommun¡cat¡on.
3.1
Vulnerableand unprotected road users
Theworkshopon the roadsafetyof vulnerable and unprotected userslwasheldon July15,2009in Brussels, by around30 delegates representing a rangeof safety,userand industrygroupsand policymakers. Themainconclusions of the workshoparethe following: . Fatalities roadusersaresignificant and injuriesamongvulnerable and unprotected and ¡n someEuropean cou arestillincreasing. Emerging roadsafetyproblemse.g.motorizedscooters andthe vulnerability of an age¡ng t¡onneededto be taken¡ntoaccountin futureroadsafetypol¡c¡es. . EU,nationaland localpolicesshouldfocuson the implementation of evidence-based approaches to reduce prevent to the riskof deathand serious¡njury,to seriousandfatalinjury;to mitigatethe sever¡ty of injurywhen occurandto reducethe consequences of injury. 'Vulnerableand pedestrians, poweredtwo-wheeler youngnovicedr¡ve15, unprotected usersareseenascomprising cyclists, u5er5, children, old€rdr¡versand riders,añddriverswrthreducedmobility,thoughtherewasno agreement on a usefuldefinrt¡onfor thisgroup.
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TheEUshouldencourage high-level championing ofroadsafety, createa cadreof professional supportfor road and supporttrainingand knowledgetransfer, developnewtoolsto buildcapacityfor roadsafetymanagement; practiceguidelines, surveys and databases, aswellasprovidefundingto rollout effectiveroadsafety.
Key
