Government at a Glance 2015 www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm

Country Fact Sheet

Chile Fiscal policy will play an important role for continued fiscal sustainability in the context of falling commodity prices Under the fiscal rule, the Chilean authorities reduced substantially their general government deficit which reached 4% of the GDP in 2009. According to the System of National Accounts definition government accumulated debt in this country is one of the lowest across OECD countries, reaching 19% of the GDP in 2013 compared to the OECD average of 118% of the GDP. In 2013, the general government deficit was equal to 0.4% of GDP, and this figure is expected to be similar in 2014. Chapter 2: Public finance and economics General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDP General government gross debt as a percentage of GDP

Chile has one of the smallest public sector workforces in the OECD, and women remain underrepresented in high level positions Public sector employment in Chile is one of the lowest across OECD countries. In 2013, only 10.7% of the total employment was occupied in the public sector, almost half the OECD average. Women are over-represented in the Chilean public sector workforce, but still face some barriers in reaching high level positions. The first chapter of Government at a Glance demonstrates how gender inclusion is one element of more inclusive public institutions for a more fair, open and representative public sector. Chapter 3: Public employment and compensation Public sector employment as a percentage of total employment

Limited public spending on tertiary education limits the access of Chileans to a high-quality education system The Chilean government is making efforts to improve access to high-quality education programmes; however, there is still room for improvement. In 2011, 76% of the expenditures on tertiary education were covered by private sources, the largest share across OECD countries. As a consequence, the entry rate into tertiary education in Chile is below the OECD average (47% and 58% respectively). Chapter 12: Serving Citizens Share of private expenditure on educational institutions Entry rates into tertiary-type A education (university)

How to read the figures: (not represented if not available)

Chile

Values have been rounded. n.a. refers to data not available

Range of OECD country values in grey

Average of OECD countries in green

Country value in blue

GOVERNMENT INPUTS: FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES Public Finance & Economics

Public Employment & Compensation

Public Finance and Economics Government revenues (2013)

Government expenditures (2013)

Public investment (2013)

Government gross debt * (2013, 2014)

% of GDP

% of GDP

% of of total govt. expenditures

% of GDP

Chile

Chile

n.a.

20%

n.a.

37.7%

30%

40%

50%

20%

60%

Source: OECD National Accounts

30%

23.1%

Chile

n.a.

41.9%

40%

50%

Chile

0%

60%

5%

Source: OECD National Accounts

2014

7.8%

10%

15%

20%

0%

50%

100%

19.5%

100%

2013

0%

100%

109.3%

0%

2013

150%

200%

250%

Source: OECD National Accounts * SNA definition, see Notes

Source: OECD National Accounts

Fiscal balance * (2013) % of GDP

-0.4%

-15% -10%

-4.2%

-5%

0%

+5% +10% +15%

Chile

G@G /data

Source: OECD National Accounts. * See Notes

Public Employment and Compensation Public sector employment as % of total employment (2013)

Public sector employment filled by women (2013)

Chile

10%

20%

30%

34.8%

54.6%

40%

50%

21.3% G@G /data

Chile

Chile

10.7%

0%

Share of women ministers (2015)

Source: International Labour Organization (database)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

58.0% Source: International Labour Organization (database)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

29.3% Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union Parline Database

GOVERNMENT PROCESSES Institutions

Regulatory Governance

Public Sector Integrity

Public Procurement

Regulatory Governance

Institutions

Stakeholder engagement and consultation (2014)

Level of influence of the Centre of Government over line ministries (2013)

Stakeholder engagement to inform officials about the problem and possible solutions

Moderate Chile

Chile

Subordinate regulations

Primary laws

For some primary laws

For some subordinate regulations

For some primary laws

3% 15% 65% 15% 2%

6% 9% 62% 23% 0%

68% 6% 18% 6% 2%

30% 59% 11% Moderate

Consultation on draft regulations or proposed rules

Subordinate regulations

Primary laws

High

Digital Government

Low For all primary laws / subordinate regulations

For some primary laws / subordinate regulations

For major primary laws / subordinate regulations

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Centre of Government

For some subordinate regulations 53% 18% 24% 5% 0% Not applicable

Never

Source: OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook (forthcoming)

Public Procurement Strategic public procurement - Objectives (2014)

Procurement expenditure (2013) % of government expenditures

Support for green public procurement

G@G /data

Support for SMEs

Support for innovative goods and services

Chile

Women in Government Chile

n.a.

29.0% 13 26

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

1

10 25

2

0

3

10 23

A strategy / policy has been developed by some procuring entities

A strategy / policy has been rescinded

A strategy / policy has been developed at a central level

A strategy / policy has never been developed

Source: OECD National Accounts

0

3

Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Public Procurement

Digital Gov.

Public Sector Integrity

OURdata Index: Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data (2014)

Level G@G of /data disclosure of private interests across branches of government (2014)

Composite index from 0 lowest to 1 highest

1

Chile

0.54

0.8 0.6

Executive Branch High level Medium level

Legislative Branch

63 44

64

Judicial Branch

“At risk” areas

56

35

32

29

Low level

26

0.4

0.58

0.2 Chile

Chile

Chile

Chile

0 Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Open Government Data

G@G /data

Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest in the Executive Branch and Whistleblower Protection

GOVERNMENT OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES Core Government Results and Service Delivery Satisfaction and confidence across public services (2014) % of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction

Health care 35% 71% 100

80

60

40

National government 31% 42%

Chile

Education system 52% 67%

20

Average Range

Judicial system 19% 54% Source: Gallup World Poll

Access to healthcare (2012)

Equity in learning outcomes (2012)

Out of pocket expenditure as a % of final household consumption

3.7%

2.8% Chile

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

PISA mathematics score variance by socio economic background

23.1%

14.8% Chile

5%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Source: OECD, PISA 2012 results: Excellence through equity, 2013

Source: OECD Health Statistics 2014

Changes in household disposable income, by income group (2007-2011)

Limited government powers (2014)

5% 0%

Chile

4.9%

2.7%

-1.6%

-0.8%

Bottom 10%

Top 10%

Bottom 10%

Top 10%

0.74 Chile

-5%

0.76

-10% -15%

[0.37-0.92]

Source: OECD Income Distribution Database

Source: The World Justice Project

Notes  Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures.  Structural fiscal balance, or underlying balance, represents the fiscal balance adjusted for the state of the economic cycle (as measured by the output gap which resulted as the difference between actual and potential GDP) and one-off fiscal operations.  Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which differs from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt.

Government at a Glance 2015 With a focus on public administration, OECD Government at a Glance 2015 provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector performance across OECD countries. Indicators on public finances and employment are provided alongside composite indexes summarising aspects of public management policies, and indicators on services to citizens in health care, education, and justice. Government at a Glance 2015 also includes indicators on key governance and public management issues, such as regulatory management, budgeting practices and procedures, public sector integrity, public procurement and core government results in terms of trust in institutions, income redistribution and efficiency and cost-effectiveness of governments.

The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2015 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2015-en For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes) and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm