At a glance Infographic February 2017

Recent migration flows to the EU Detections of illegal border crossings in the EU (January – November 2016) Frontex, the EU border surveillance agency, collects data on detections by national border-control authorities of illegal crossings of the EU’s external borders. External borders are those between Member States and third countries, as well as between Schengen Associated Countries (Norway, Iceland and Switzerland) and third countries. Eastern Border

1 278

Vietnam Afghanistan Ukraine

Western Balkans

121 609

Not specified Afghanistan Pakistan

Eastern Mediterranean

180 718

Syria Afghanistan Iraq

Circular route (Albania - Greece)

4 664 Western Africa

583

Western Mediterranean

Côte d’Ivoire Guinea Morocco

8 797

Guinea Côte d’Ivoire Algeria

Albania Afghanistan Syria

Central Mediterranean

172 898

Nigeria Eritrea Guinea

The map shows the routes of illegal entries into the EU during the period January to November 2016. For each route, the box shows the number of entries and the top three nationalities of migrants.

Monthly average number of detections of illegal border crossings in the EU The boxes below show the recent changes in numbers on the most frequent routes: Eastern Mediterranean, Central Mediterranean and Western Balkans. The other routes are not shown as the figures do not indicate major changes in the numbers of illegal entries. Eastern Mediterranean 2013 2 067 2014 4 236 2015 2016 16 429

Central Mediterranean

73 782

2013 3775 2014 14 222 2015 12 829 2016 15 718

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Author: Giulio Sabbati Members’ Research Service PE 595.918

Western Balkans 2013 1 663 2014 3 613 2015 2016 11 055

63 670

EPRS

Recent migration flows to the EU

Asylum applicants in the EU-28

In 1 000 applicants

900

431

335

309

259

0

225

300

264

627

600

1 205

1200

1 323

1500

The bar chart shows the number of asylum applicants in the European Union. ‘Applicants’ refers to anyone applying for asylum or similar protection – as defined in the Qualification Directive – or included in an application as a family member. The table shows the breakdown of those Member States which together represent more than 90% of the total requests for asylum in 2016. EU28

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

In 1 000 applicants

DE IT FR AT EL UK HU SE BG Others

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

77 17 61 17 10 29 2 44 1 76

127 27 66 18 8 31 19 54 7 75

203 65 64 28 9 33 43 81 11 90

477 84 76 88 13 40 177 162 20 185

745 112 76 39 37 35 29 27 19 85

The map shows the relative weight of the number of applicants per million inhabitants in the ‘country of arrival’ (the EU Member State in which asylum has been requested) for the year 2016. The EU average is 2 369 applicants per million inhabitants. The bar below the map shows the range of applicants within the Asylum applicants per million inhabitant Member States. (2015) The horizontal bar chart shows the top 20 countries of origin for the year 2016. The value in parenthesis represents changes with respect to 2015; a positive value shows an increase, and a negative a decrease (e.g. there was a decrease of 40 000 applicants from Syria in 2016). Top 20 countries of origin

Applicants per million inhabitant More than 3 000 2 000 - 3 000 1 000 - 1 999 200 - 999 Less than 200

23

9 177

Syria Syria Afghanistan Afghanistan IraqIraq Pakistan Pakistan Nigeria Nigeria IranIran Eritrea Eritrea Albania Albania Russia Russia Somalia Somalia Bangladesh Bangladesh Gambia, The Gambia Guinea Guinea Serbia Serbia Ukraine Ukraine Kosovo Kosovo* Morocco Morocco Algeria Algeria Turkey Turkey Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire

329 (-40) (1) 126 (1) 47 (-1) 44 (13) 40 (14) 33 (-1) 30 (-38) 26 (4) 19 (-2) 16 (-3) 15 (3) 13 (7) 13 (-17) 11 (-11) 11 (-61) 11 (5) 11 (2) 11 (6) In 1 000 applicants (5) 11 182

Previous editions of this Infographic were issued in September 2015 (PE 565.905) and in 0April50 2016 (PE 580.893) 100 150 200 250 300 350 Notes. Asylum is a form of international protection given by a state on its territory to someone who is threatened by persecution on grounds of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular group or political opinion in their country of origin or residence. In the EU, this consists of refugee status as defined in the UN Geneva Refugee Convention, plus subsidiary protection for persons who do not qualify as refugees but in respect of whom substantial grounds exist that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in the Qualification Directive. Not all those who cross the EU’s external borders illegally will seek asylum, or indeed qualify under the definition above. They thus form part of the broader category of ‘irregular immigrants’, i.e. those who do not fulfil, or no longer fulfil, the conditions of entry as set out in Article 5 of the Schengen Borders Code or other conditions for entry, stay or residence in that Member State. Data source: Frontex and Eurostat January 2017. Data on asylum for 2016 are not fully complete, as some Member States have not yet reported the number of applicants for the month of December 2016. Therefore the final number reported could be higher, once more data become available. Disclaimer and Copyright. The content of this document is the sole responsibility of the author and any opinions expressed therein do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. It is addressed to the Members and staff of the EP for their parliamentary work. Reproduction and translation for noncommercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union, 2017. [email protected] – http://www.eprs.ep.parl.union.eu (intranet) – http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank (internet) – http://epthinktank.eu (blog)

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