A PRELIMINARY MAYAN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY by Terrence Kaufman with the assistance of John Justeson October 5, 2003

Copyright 2003 by Terrence Kaufman

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

TABLE OF CONTENTS: Background to the preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary: My life as a linguistic fieldworker in Meso-America .................... 3-21 by Terrence Kaufman Introduction to “A preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary” ......... 22-50 by Terrence Kaufman and John Justeson Mayan etymologies ................................................... 51-1535 by Terrence Kaufman Kinship and social organization .................................... 51 Thought and feeling/perception and evaluation ..................... 140 Color ....................................................... 220 Body arts and other parts; bodily processes ....................... 241 Animal parts ...................................................... 388 Location .......................................................... 389 Earth ............................................................. 398 Sky ............................................................... 445 Fire .............................................................. 502 Water and Liquides ................................................ 532 Mammals ........................................................... 557 Birds ............................................................. 601 Reptiles .......................................................... 634 Turtles ..................................................... 634 Snakes ...................................................... 636 Lizards ..................................................... 641 Batrachians ....................................................... 644 Fish .............................................................. 648 Mollusks .......................................................... 652 Bugs .............................................................. 658 Speech and Interaction ............................................ 700 Play, Dance, Music ................................................ 743 Trade and Property ................................................ 759 Manipulation ...................................................... 800 Tools ............................................................. 924 Buildings ......................................................... 943 Furniture ......................................................... 953 Containders ....................................................... 971 Clothing and Adornment ............................................ 997 Agriculture ...................................................... 1031 Plant Parts ...................................................... 1041

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Maize ............................................................ Beans ............................................................ Trees ............................................................ Palms ............................................................ Vines ............................................................ Herbs ............................................................ Grasses .......................................................... “Pineapples” ..................................................... Fungus ........................................................... Eating ........................................................... Taste ............................................................ Life and Existence ............................................... Movement ......................................................... Sickness ......................................................... Magic ............................................................ Quality .......................................................... Shape ............................................................ Quantity ......................................................... Numerals ................................................... Grammar ..........................................................

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

1057 1073 1076 1115 1120 1137 1153 1160 1166 1168 1226 1242 1274 1323 1357 1368 1406 1444 1451 1505

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ "Background to the Preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary: my life as a linguistic fieldworker in Meso-America" by Terrence Kaufman The following narrative may be thought of as a sketch of the story of my life as a fieldworker in Meso-America, with the main focus being on Mayan. It does not include fieldwork in other parts of the world, or armchair work in other areas, not all of it linguistic. Early in 1959, while a senior at the University of Chicago majoring in Linguistics, I worked during the Winter and Spring terms as a research assistant for Norman A. McQuown ("Mac"), doing cognate percentage counts on Swadesh lists collected in several Tzeltal- and Tzotzil-speaking towns as part of the "Chicago Project", a four-field anthropology project operating in highland Chiapas. In this cognate-counting, I worked with and at the direction of Yvonne Hajda, a graduate student who was working for Mac on the same data. Mac started working in Mexico in 1939 on Totonako, and produced a grammar of Coatepec Totonako as a doctoral dissertation at Yale in 1940. By 1959, McQuown had worked on several Mayan languages: extensively on Wasteko (Teenek) of San Lui*s Potosi*, Mam of San Juan Ostuncalco, Tzeltal of Oxchuc, less extensively on K'ichee7, Yukateko, and several others. Mac had inherited the Mayan materials gathered by Manuel J. Andrade in the 1930s while a professor at the University of Chicago. When he saw my interest in Mayan, at that time from a historicalcomparative point of view, Mac gave me access to his vast accumulation of Mayan descriptive materials to read and copy (by hand -- there were no photocopiers in those days) at will. Mac had also created a Mayan cognate file of some 300 items which I consulted at this time. I received the AB in Linguistics and Germanic from the University of Chicago in June 1959. I studied Anthropology for one term as a graduate student at Chicago. In 1960 I started doing research on Tzeltal and Tzotzil in Chiapas. I had arranged with Duane Metzger, a graduate student in Anthropology at Chicago, and Junior Fellow at Harvard, to do a project on language variation in Aguacatenango, a Tzeltal town of about 1200 speakers where Metzger had been doing social anthropological research for a couple of seasons. Evon Z. Vogt, Professor in the Department of Social Relations at Harvard, fronted as the PI for our project, and got us $10,000 from NSF, which lasted us

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

more than a year. The project we carried out was to get a local assistant to interview people from as many households as possible by asking them to talk about the last time they had gotten sick, and tape-record the dialog. We got over 50 interviews of 10 to 20 pages each. The local assistant, Mariano Jua*rez Aguilar, a school-teacher from Aguacatenango, had been trained by Mac to write Tzeltal, so he was able to transcribe and translate into Spanish the interviews he had taped. Before going to the field, Metzger and I had arranged with the RAND Corporation of Santa Monica, California, who at the time were engaged in machine translation project (aimed primarily at Russian) under the direction of David Hays, to process our Tzeltal data and provide concordances, at no cost to us. In the field we transferred the Tzeltal text and Spanish translation to printed sheets with 80 columns (the number of columns in a computer punch card) and mailed them to RAND. At RAND the material was key-punched, and after we stopped sending them data, they provided a concordance in late 1962. This concordance served me in writing up the syntax section of my dissertation in 1963. In 1960, I was in the field from March through September. In February, Metzger and I drove in his panel truck from Chicago to Santa Clara and Berkeley, California, then to Santa Monica, then to San Cristo*bal, Chiapas. We rented a nine-room house in San Cristo*bal for $30 a month, and processed the data from the Aguacatenango project there. I worked not only with Tzeltal of Aguacatenango, but also with Tzeltal of Tenejapa, and Tzotzil of Chamula, in the latter two cases training my informants to write their language, operate a tape recorder, transcribe texts in their language, and translate them into Spanish. These informants lived in the same house with us. In the same house lived Metzger's wife, Barbara, and their baby boy, John. Before long others began living in the house: John Hotchkiss, a Chicago graduate student doing social anthropology among ladinos in Teopisca; a writer friend of John's and mine named John Schulz; Harvey Sarles (and his wife), who worked both on Tzeltal of Oxchuc and Tzotzil of San Bartolo (the latter was the object of his 1965 University of Chicago dissertation). This house full of linguists, anthropologists, and Indians became known as "Casa Chicago", and was so called for several years after neither Metzger or I lived there any more, because other Chicago Project people took it over from us and kept living and working there. During my first field season I learned many fascinating things about Mayan grammar, and recognized the characteristic Mayan categories of "positionals", "relational nouns", and "affect verbs".

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

When I left San Cristo*bal in September 1960 to start graduate school at Berkeley, I knew that my dissertation was going to be a descriptive grammar of Aguacatenango Tzeltal. That September, just before I left, McQuown sent two more recruits for linguistic work in Chiapas: Brent Berlin, who eventually worked on the semantics of Tenejapa Tzeltal numeral classifiers for his dissertation, and Nick Hopkins, who worked mainly on Tzotzil for some time. Brent and Nick had attended a Linguistics Institute at the University of Texas in the summer of 1960 and Mac had pointed them to Chiapas. Brent (and his wife and baby daughter) and Nick and others of the household remained when I left. During the 1960-1961 academic year at Berkeley I worked as a research assistant for Kim Romney at Stanford, driving down there from Berkeley twice a week to work for a whole day each time. I lived on $150 a month. In the 1960-1961 academic year I spent time both thinking about Mayan grammar and Mayan comparative phonology and vocabulary, and collecting cognate sets. In the summer of 1961 I returned to San Cristo*bal for four months, this time in the employ of the Chicago Project, where I was commissioned to fill out dialect questionnaires for several speakers each from several Tzeltal towns. Other graduate students worked collecting comparable data from the other Tzeltal and Tzotzil towns. That summer Brent Berlin and Nick Hopkins were both there, and so was Mac for part of the summer. At the end of that season I read, collated, and analyzed all the Tzeltal questionnaires, while Nick Hopkins did the same for the Tzotzil questionnaires. I did more work on Aguacatenango Tzeltal, Tenejapa Tzeltal, Oxchuc Tzeltal, and Chamula Tzotzil. During that season I also did a monosyllabic root dictionary for Chamula Tzotzil, and Brent did one for Tenejapa Tzeltal. Harvey Sarles had done one for Oxchuc Tzeltal before summer 1961, and he also did one for San Bartolo Tzotzil. [A few years before, Mac had worked out that since the vast majority of roots in Mayan languages are of the shape CV(H)C, where H is /7/, /h/, or /:/, is is possible to generate all possible monosyllabic roots and test for their presence in a Mayan language in a relatively short period of time. This procedure is exhaustive (for the phenomenon it is investigating), and collects a large amount of data, much of it not likely to be elicited in any other way. In all Mayan languages I have worked on, or have had others work on, a "monosyllable dictionary" has been collected. In work outside Mayan, "root dictionaries" have been elicited by me (or by linguists working under my supervision) for Mije-Sokean, Sapotekan,

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Chochoan, Matlatzinkan, and Nawa, even when these root dictionaries are of both monosyllables and disyllables.] Since September 1960 Nick had recruited and trained a second Chamula speaker, and by summer 1961 the two Chamulas had produced a couple hundred pages of transcribed and translated Tzotzil text. I set them to producing a lexical slip file from these texts, which they performed in fine fashion. Mac suggested that he and Brent could travel down to Huehuetenango in Guatemala and collect lexical data from some of the languages there if I would put together a questionnaire that would collect words that complemented the set of Mayan etymologies that I was assembling. So I put together a questionnaire of some 500 Spanish glosses, and Mac and Brent went to Huehuetenango and collected data from Chuj, Jakalteko (now known as Popti7), Akateko, and Q'anjob'al, which I then integrated into my cognate set collection. I also collected a vocabulary of 700 items plus paradigms from two teenage Ch'ol boys from Tila who were studying in boarding school in San Cristo*bal. I also worked for Romney in the 1961-1962 academic year. During this academic year, I searched through materials on Mayan languages that I could locate in the Berkeley library to augment my cognate set collection. Most of the new material was from earlier centuries. In the summer of 1962 I spent only about three weeks in San Cristo*bal, collecting material I needed to round out the data for my descriptive grammar of Aguacatenango Tzeltal. I spent several hours collecting a vocabulary from a speaker of Amatenango Tzeltal who was in prison in San Cristo*bal. I did not go to the field again in Meso-America until summer 1967, except for a week in July 1965 when I worked on Tzotzil morphosyntax while I was otherwise being a tourist in Chiapas with my wife, Elaine Marlowe. I spent about 6 weeks in Chicago the summer of 1962. Mac had gotten a grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation to support me while I wrote up a paper presenting the reconstructed Mayan words I thought I could establish based on materials I had been able to examine; a fair proportion of the data came from Mac's or Andrade's materials that I had looked at as early as 1959. The resulting paper had some 500 reconstructed Mayan forms, not all of them going back to proto-Mayan. The theory of Mayan comparative phonology that I was operating with at the time had several deficiencies, although I had identified all, or virtually all, of the sound

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

correspondences. This article, and a companion article by Mac (Kaufman 1964, McQuown 1964), were presented by Mac in a conference on Mayan prehistory hosted that fall by the Wenner-Gren Foundation in Burg Wartenstein, Austria, and was published (in Spanish) in 1964. At this point I decided that I wanted to do a Mayan etymological dictionary. I assembled a questionnaire of 1435 lexical items and about 100 matters of structure -- phonological, morphological, and syntactic -that I believed would yield a high proportion of cognate sets among the Mayan langages. This questionnaire I called The Mayan Vocabulary Survey, and it was mailed out for the first time in 1962, to linguists working in the field on Mayan languages, most of them members of SIL. The results of this mail survey were as follows: Mopan San Lui*s: Matthew & Rosemary Ulrich 1962 Chuj Coata*n: Kenneth L. Williams 1962 Popti7 Huista: N Stratmeyer 1962 Awakateko: H.S. MacArthur 1962 K'ichee7 Cubulco: Shaw & Neuenswander 1962 K'iichee7 N: Brawand 1962 Poqomchi7 Tamahu*: Marvin Mayers 1962 Popti7 Jacaltenango: Chris Day 1966 Kaqchikel Patzu*n: Larry Grimes 1966 Yukateko Ticul: Nick Hopkins, et al. 1967 Chuj Ixtata*n: Nicholas A. Hopkins 1967 Tz'utujiil San Pedro: Larry Grimes 1967 Q'eqchi7: Eachus & Carlson 1967 During the 1962-1963 academic year I worked as a teaching assistant in the Linguistics Department of the University of California at Berkeley. In Summer 1963 I wrote my dissertation, "Aguacatenango Tzeltal Grammar" on a typewriter. Actually, several chapters of my dissertation had been written as research papers or research reports earlier; only 30-40% of it was new in Summer 1963 [In the same summer I also wrote up "Mixe-Zoque Diachronic Studies" which I commissioned someone else to type up]. I did not go to the field. In Fall 1963 I started teaching in the Linguistics Department of The Ohio State University.

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[Winter 1964: Siuan] In Summer 1964 I got married and attended the Linguistic Institute at Bloomington, Indiana. I did not go to the field. In Fall 1964 I started teaching in the Linguistics Department of the University of California at Berkeley. In Summer 1965 I traveled with my wife to Chiapas and visited the Lakantun jungle at Naja* with Trudi Blom. In San Cristo*bal I spent the first week of July working with Tzotzil speakers from Chamula (Juan Me*ndez Tzotzec) and Zinacanta*n (Domingo de la Torre Cruz) on sentence structure and inflexional morphology. In Summer 1966 I traveled to Nigeria to accompany my wife who was starting field work on Ibibio, a Niger-Congo language. I read Shakespeare for two months and stayed in the shade. In Summer 1967, I went to Chiapas to work on Mocho*, which I then knew as Motozintleco. I drove a station wagon that I had borrowed from the UC motor pool. In San Cristo*bal I came across Ray Freeze, a graduate student from the University of Texas who was there working on Lakantun of San Quinti*n, and we rented living and working space in the same building. He accompanied me to Motozintla, and we contracted with two speakers of Mocho* to work for me that summer, and we drove back to San Cristo*bal. I worked with the two speakers for 50 days. I collected a large vocabulary, including a monosyllable dictionary, and about 200 pages worth of transcribed texts. This was the first time I worked on a language with the aim of producing a dictionary. That summer, four friends of Ray's, one of them being Peter Keeler, came to visit him for a few days, and we decided to visit Chicomuselo to see if we could find any speakers of the probably dead Kabil, then known as Chicomuselteco. We spent five days at this and did not find any speakers. In Dec 1967, at winter break, I went to work on Mocho* in Motozintla itself. Ray Freeze came down from Austin to help. I worked on the semantics of verbs and he worked on ethnobiology. In order to be able to help account for the results of linguistic borrowing, we decided to find out what the nearby Indian languages were in SE Chiapas, and recruited informants from nearby towns. In the process we discovered that in the neighboring town of Mazapa de Madero there was spoken a previously unknown Mayan language (most closely related to Mam) that was also spoken in Amatenango de la Frontera and in Tectita*n across the border in Guatemala.

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

This latter point was established by interviewing a woman living in Motozintla who had been born in Tectita*n. This "new" language I called Teko because that was how local people referred to it, although in Mazapa itself locals called it "Cakchiquel" because that was what an ignorant local Ladino schoolteacher had told the people there that its name was in Spanish. After two weeks I went to Huixtla, Chiapas to work on Tuzanteco, the sister language of Mocho*. My wife came down to Chiapas, and she and I both collected data on Tuzanteco. In Summer 1968 I worked for a few days in Motozintla collecting grammatical information about the derivational possibilities of verb roots, then spent about a month in Huistla and Tuzanta*n working on building up a lexical and text collection for Tuzanteco. In 1968 I made a second mailing of the Mayan Vocabulary Survey. Results: Chontal: Keller 1968 Chontal: Walker Ch'ol Tumbala* & Tila: Viola Warkentin 1968 Ch'ol Tumbala*: Wilbur Aulie 1968 Northern Mam: Canger 1968, Sywulka 1968, Lansing 1968 Ixil Nebaj: Elliott 1968, Kaufman 1968 In August 1968 I drove from Berkeley to Provo, Utah, to interview a speaker of Mam from San Ildefonso Ixtahuaca*n who John Robertson was working with on the preparation of teaching materials. I collected the MVS and somewhat more. After that I drove to Irvine to visit with Nick and Lore Colby, who had brought 5 Ixil speakers from Nebaj to build an Ixil house as a way of training anthropology students in ethnology; Duane Metzger had brought 3 Yukateko speakers from Ticul to build a Yukateko house. I worked with three of the Ixil speakers and one Yukateko speaker, and collected the MVS, and in the case of Ixil, much more than that. I trained a 16-year old Ixil boy (Xhas Sijom, Jacinto de Paz Pe*rez) to write Ixil, and in Winter 1969 I took him to Berkeley for a couple weeks to do more work on the language. Not long after that I began paying his room, board, and tuition at a private secondary school in Chichicastenango, and eventually Jacinto was mayor of Nebaj. Since I had no results of the MVS for Wasteko, Lakantun, Itzaj, Ch'orti7, Tojolab'al, Q'anjob'al, Southern Mam, or Poqomaam, I decided in 1969 that I

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

would have to collect such material myself, or commission someone to do it. This began a period 10 years of work on documenting as many as possible of the Mayan languages, in the process establishing a research and training program that not only created large lexical databases of 19 dialects of 12 Mayan languages, but also trained more than 60 Guatemalan Mayan speakers to do linguistics, and provided several graduate students with dissertation topics in linguistics. The research program and infrastructure of the Proyecto Lingu"i*stico "Francisco Marroqui*n" was created in 1970 by me, Bob Gersony, Jo Froman, and David Drake. My trips for work in Guatemala ran from Dec 1969 to Aug 1979. 1968: sent Sarah Wehhausen to work on Tojolab'al Summer 1969: sent Una Canger to work on Lakantun and Teko In Summer 1969 I started working on Wasteko. I drove from Berkeley to Austin (for my first visit there) to meet up with Nick Hopkins and Kathryn (then known as Judy) Josserand, and we drove to Tamazunchale in two cars. We set up in a motel on the edge of town and found speakers in Tancanhuitz /tam k'aan=witx/, San Lui*s Potosi* (Potosino or Western Wasteko [A*ngel Robles Salazar]) and Tantoyuca /tam toyok/, Veracruz (Central Wasteko [Manuel Silverio]) to work with. Nick and Kathryn left after two weeks, and (after training the Potosino speaker to write Wasteko) I worked with both speakers (separately) after that for 6 weeks. I collected a monosyllable dictionary from the Tantoyuca speaker directly, and trained the Potosino speaker to do it on his own. During one week I worked with a Nawatl speaker from the community of Cuatlamaya*n, part of Tancanhuitz. This was my first field work on a non-Mayan language. At Christmas break 1969, Aquiles Palomino (then a graduate student at UC Irvine) and I traveled to Ixil country in Guatemala to recruit speakers from Chajul and Cotzal who would come to Irvine in the summer of 1970 to work with me on an Ixil dictionary. Aquiles was also scoping out Chajul as a place to do doctoral research in social-cultural anthropology. During June and July of 1970 I worked at Irvine on a pan-dialectal dictionary of Ixil, working with three speakers at a time. The data collected was immediately keypunched, yielding a 7500-item lexical database. In August 1970 I traveled to Antigua, Guatemala to spend a year collecting lexical and grammatical data on Mayan languages of Guatemala. Before heading for Guatemala, on the advice of my former student, Una Canger, who

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had done doctoral research on Northern Mam of Todos Santos, I contacted two priests whom she had met in Guatemala who were interested in doing research on Mayan languages of Guatemala, and had arranged to have their parent organizations, the Maryknoll Fathers (Donald Lansing) and the Oklahoma Diocese (Padre Ramo*n), fund them to set up a center for this research in Antigua. They had named themselves Proyecto Lingu"i*stico "Francisco Marroqui*n" (PLFM), after the first bishop of Guatemala, who was said to be a friend of the Indians. They invited me to live and work in their center and said I could arrange to have speakers brought there for interviewing. I decided to try out this arrangement, and it turned out to be quite convenient and effective. The administrator of the PLFM, Bob Gersony, was a Vietnam veteran who had decided he didn't want to live in the US, and had arrived in Antigua several months earlier, hired a local tenager to tutor him in Spanish, and found a place at the PLFM because of his organizational skills. Gersony met me at the Guatemala City airport with a jeep and took me to the PLFM in Antigua, where I stayed until July of 1971. Between August 1970 and July 1971 much changed at the PLFM. The PLFM's mandate up till the time I arrived was to train Maryknoll priests arriving in Guatemala in whatever Indian language was spoken in the parish to which they had been assigned. At Gersony's urging, the PLFM also began training in the local languages Peace Corps volunteers (PCVs) who were going into Indian villages, and charging a fee. Some of the Peace Corps volunteers asked to the assigned to the PLFM, and between 1970 and 1971 three of them worked at the PLFM; only one of them stayed on more than a year. By November, several Indians had been brought in to help train priests or PCVs, and many of them seemed to be quite interested in their own languages. Gersony and I started thinking about the possibility of training Indians to do linguistic research. I mentioned that I had always taught my informants to read and write their own languages, if they were of the right age. I also had with me a copy of Ken Hale's article "American Indians in Linguistics". With the collaboration of PCVs Jo Froman and David Drake, we worked out a plan for the PLFM that would transform its functions. We arranged with the Peace Corps to recruit advanced graduate students in linguistics and assign them to the PLFM to oversee the linguistic training of teams of Indians and their collecton of lexical and text data. The PLFM carried out dialect surveys of Kaqchikel, K'ichee7, Mam, Q'anjob'al, and Poqom to determine the number of dialects in each and decide from which dialects we would train speakers in linguistics and do dictionaries and literacy materials. By mid 1971 we were ready to recruit graduate linguists to oversee training. We recruited Will Norman, who oversaw K'ichee7 and Kaqchikel speakers, and Nora England, who oversaw two

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

teams of Mam speakers. To fund the research of the PLFM we set up a Spanish school to teach Spanish one-on-one to PCVs, British Volunteers, Canadian Volunteers, and any tourists that were in Antigua and wanted our services. A British Volunteer, Tony Jackson, became director of the Spanish school, and he later became administrative director of the PLFM for two years. The PLFM was incorporated as a non-profit research institution, and all administrators, linguists, and trainees were voting members. In 1976 the PLFM's administration passed into the hands of Indians that had been trained by the Project. In working out the future research program of the PLFM, of which I was director from 1970 through 1979, I worked out for the Mayan languages of Guatemala a Spanish-based but linguistically accurate, consistent, and uniform orthography (Kaufman 1976). This orthography conflicted in several ways with the orthography(ies) devised (in some cases as early as 1949) and promoted by the SIL, which I found to be deficient in various ways. The PLFM orthography, as it was known, was a source of considerable annoyance to some elements in SIL, who worked hard to discredit it. Along with all this work, between Aug 1970 and Jul 1971, doing what I had in the first place come to do, I elicited upwards of 2500 words from each of the languages listed below: Aug 1970 - Jul 1971: PLFM Mam Huita*n (with Juan Mendoza) Chuj San Mateo Ixtata*n Popti7 Jacaltenango Q'anjob'al Santa Eulalia K'ichee7 Nahuala* K'ichee7 Chichicastenango K'ichee7 Cubulco K'ichee7 Rabinal Uspanteko Tz'utujiil San Pedro Tz'utujiil Santiago Atitla*n Kaqchikel Solola* Poqomchii7 Tactic Poqomchii7 San Cristo*bal Verapaz (with Juan Mendoza) Teko Tectita*n

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Fal Fal Fal Fal Fal Fal Fal Fal Fal Fal Fal Fal Fal

1970, 1970 1970, 1970, 1970 1970 1970 1970, 1970 1970, 1970 1970, 1970

Spr 1971 Aug 1971 Aug 1971

Aug 1971 Aug 1971 Spr 1971

Spr 1971 Spr 1971

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua Antigua

Awakateko Aguacata*n Awakateko Chalchita*n (with Arlene Moskowitz) Sakapulteko Sipakapense (with Juan Mendoza) Q'eqchi7 Cahabo*n Q'eqchi7 Lanqui*n Poqomaam S Lui*s Jilotepeque Ch'orti7 Jocota*n Mopan San Lui*s (with Juan Mendoza)

Spr 1971

Antigua

Spr 1971 Spr 1971

Antigua Antigua

Spr 1971 Spr 1971 Spr 1971

Antigua Antigua Antigua

Spr 1971, Aug 1971 Spr 1971, Aug 1971

Antigua Antigua

Sum 1971

Antigua

In the course of the Guatemalan dialect survey, the following new knowledge was uncovered: March 1971: SAKAPULTEKO. Discovered in the course of doing a systematic survey of towns in the traditional K'iche7-speaking area of Guatemala. Has 2 varieties. Closely related to K'iche7 and Tz'utujiil. (See Kaufman 1976d). May 1971: SIPAKAPENYO (my label; supplanted by SIPAKAPENSE). Discovered in the course of doing a systematic survey of towns in the traditional Mamspeaking area of Guatemala. Number of dialects not established. (See Kaufman 1976d). The survey of Q'anjob'al and Popti7 revealed that the speech of San Miguel Acata*n and Rafael La Independencia were not Q'anjob'al in the sense of Santa Eulalia, Barillas, and Soloma, but intermediate between these and Popti7. I labelled this form of speech "Akateko". All three are mutually intelligible (or not) to the same degree. Terminologically, one should recognize a single language with three dialect areas, or three languages, but not two languages Q'anjob'al and Popti7. The current practice is to refer to Q'anjob'al, Akateko, and Popti7, though this is considered by some to be politically incorrect because of the fact that Akateko was known traditionally as Q'anjob'al and is mutually intelligible with it; however, Akateko is also mutually intelligible with Popti7, so we could call all three Q'anjob'al; that would surely be considered politically incorrect by speakers of Popti7. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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1971-1979: Q'anjob'al dialect survey discovered Akateko Kaqchikel dialect survey K'ichee7 dialect survey Mam dialect survey Poqom dialect survey K'ichee7: Nawala7 Kaqchikel: Comalapa, Tecpa*n Mam: Ostuncalco dialect surveys Mam: 13 towns (with Juan Mendoza) Kaqchikel: 30 towns

Spr 1971 Fal 1970, Spr 1971 K'ichee7 30 towns (with Jo Froman) Spr 1971 Poqomaam-Poqomchii7: 10 towns (with Juan Mendoza) Spr 1971 Q'eqchi7: 4 towns (with Juan Mendoza) Spr 1971 Tz'utujiil: 4 towns (with Juan Mendoza) Spr 1971 Popti7-Akateko-Q'anjob'al: 7 towns (with Jo Froman) Spr-Sum 1971 Mam Ostuncalco (MD)

Sum 1973, Sum 1974 Sum 1976, Sum 1977, Sum 1979

Antigua Huehuetenango

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx In 1972, the two priests who had started the PLFM in 1968 became disaffected with the new direction that had been taken by the PLFM and withdrew from the Project. Bob Gersony became administrative director until replaced by Tony Jackson in 1974. Between 1971 and 1978 my work on Mayan languages in Guatemala was directed to supporting the work of the PLFM. I worked on their dictionaries with the teams for K'ichee7 of Santa Catarina Ixtahuaca*n and Nahuala* /nawala7/, Kaqchikel of Tecpa*n, Kaqchikel of Comalapa, and Mam of Ostuncalco.

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In 1971, 1973, 1974, 1978, and 1979 I worked on Xinka, a small language group with three (at the time) surviving moribund languages. Lyle Campbell started this work; he had come in Guatemala in 1971, and started working with speakers from Chiquimulilla and Guazacapa*n. He brought some of them to Antigua so that we could work on Xinka together. We worked together again in 1973 and 1974. In the latter season we worked with speakers from Jumaytepeque. After 1974 Campbell did not continue with Xinka, but I returned to it in 1978 and 1979. Xinka Guazacapa*n Xinka Jumaytepeque Xinka Chiquimulilla

Win 1971, Sum 1974, Sum 1978, Sum 1979 Sum 1973, Sum 1974 Win 1971 Sum 1978

Antigua Antigua Antigua Chiquimulilla

In the late Summer of 1979 I spent a week each collecting data on Tlaxcala Nawa (in Tlaxcala), Orizaba Nawa of Santa Mari*a Izhuata*n (in Forti*n), and Matlatzinka (in Me*xico City). In 1979 Will Norman was in Pittsburgh for a term as a visiting professor and we collaborated on writing a comparative Ch'olan phonology, grammar, and lexicon (Kaufman and Norman 1984). I began working on Mayan comparative grammar, discussing many details with Will Norman. In Summer 1979, I saw that work in Guatemala was not going to be possible for a while, so in 1980 I decided to return to working in Mexico, on Wasteko. I collected data for a dictionary of Western Wasteko of Tancanhuitz and for another dictionary of Central Wasteko of Tantoyuca; each dictionary eventually topped 10,000 items in extent. I worked on Wasteko from 1980 to 1990, but no field trips were made in 1985, 1988, or 1989. I also worked on Huasteca Nawa in 1984, 1986, 1987, 1990, and created a slip file that when databased in 1999-2000 had 12,000 entries. The databases for these two languages were the first really large lexical databases that I created. My primary work in the Huasteca was on Wasteko: I worked on Potosino Wasteko of Tancanhuitz in the summers of 1969, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, and 1990; I worked on Central Wasteko of Tantoyuca in the summers of 1969, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, and 1984.

16

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Huasteca Nawa is spoken in several dialects, whose actual number cannot be known without a dialect survey being conducted; we can at least recognize "western" (San Lui*s Potosi*), "central" (Hidalgo), and "eastern" (Veracruz) types. I worked for a total of 13 weeks in the summers of 1969, 1984, 1986, 1987, and 1990 on western Huasteca Nawa (of Cuatlamaya*n, Tuzantla, Tampamolo*n, and Coxcatla*n); I worked for a total of 4 weeks in the summers of 1984 and 1986 on eastern Huasteca Nawa (of Los Ajos, Chicontepec, and Chontla). On several occasions during the 1980s I took graduate and undergraduate students with me to the Huasteca who worked on Wasteko ethnobiology and grammar, and on Huasteca Nawa vocabulary and texts. 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

Wasteko (W,C) Wasteko (C) Wasteko (W,C) [Donna Wagner] Wasteko (W,C) [Kathy Budway] Wasteko (W,C); Nawa (W,E) [Kathy Budway, Bruce Franklin] NO FIELD WORK Wasteko (W,C); Nawa (W,E) [Kathy Budway] Wasteko (W,C); Nawa (W) [Kathy Budway, Sara Lickey] my son Bennet born NO FIELD WORK NO FIELD WORK Wasteko (W); Nawa (W) [Bruce Franklin]

In 1981 I started working with an 18 year old Wasteko young man from Tancanhuitz, Benigno Robles Reyes, who proved to have outstanding abilities as a speaker and as a student of language. He learned to write Wasteko before I started to teach him, by watching me write it. In 1983 I began a dialect survey of the 18 Wasteko towns, and he traveled to all of them and brought me speakers to interview. After I had processed the 18 dialect surveys (of 1200 lexemes and 200 points of grammar), I created a shorter questionnaire (of ca 500 entries) and sent BRR to complete the questionaire with two new people in each of the 18 towns. He carried out this task commendably, in 1984, 1986, and 1987. In 1985 I sent BRR to Guatemala for several months to study linguistics with Nora England at the reconstituted PLFM. In 1984, the Ministry of Education of Guatemala held the Second National Congress on Linguistics (the first had been held in 1949), focusing on indigenous Guatemalan languages. At this meeting a study group on proposed orthographies for Guatemalan languages was formed.

17

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

In 1985 I bought an Osborne desktop/portable computer. For 22 years I had had to depend on someone else to type up my handwritten manuscripts, introducing countless errors. Henceforth all errors were committed by me, but there weren't as many of them. In 1985 Brent Berlin and I began the South American Indian Languages Documentation Project (SAILDP). This project, funded for two years by both NSF and NEH, had as its goal the creation of lexical (ca. 1800 items) and grammatical databases for as many South American languages as the data could be gathered for from from published and manuscript sources. During the two years it was funded, lexical databases for 40 languages of Western Amazonia were created. One grammatical database was created, which took a solid month of a post-doctoral research assistant's time. The project was not refunded after two years, and Berlin and I found other things to do than submitting revised grant proposals -- though a year later we were asked by NEH why we had not resubmitted. In 1987 the study group on proposed orthographies for Guatemalan languages, made up of Indians who had received linguistic training, most of them through the PLFM, met amd deliberated, and then recommended to the government of Guatemala that an orthography be adopted which was essentially identical with that proposed by the PLFM in 1970. The Congress and the President of Guatemala ratified this recommendation and, officially at least, the orthography wars were over. At this point, though recent SIL workers in Guatemala accepted the now official orthography, some old hands never accepted it. My son Bennet was born 8-8-88. In 1988 and 1989 I did not go to the field, but worked on Mayan comparative grammar. During the 1980s, outside the field I carried out, I worked on Yuta-Nawan comparative phonology Oto-Mangean comparative phonology and grammar Hokan comparative phonology and grammar Mayan comparative grammar In March 1991, I started working on Meso-American epigraphy with John Justeson, first on Epi-Olmec inscriptions, which we were able to decipher as being written in an ancestor of the Sokean languages. This was followed by research on Sapoteko writing, on which we were able to achieve initial results as early as February 1992. This ultimately led us to propose

18

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

research aimed at documenting those Mije-Sokean and Sapotekan languages necessary for reconstructing the ancestor for each family, so that the linguistic details in play at the times the writing systems were in use could be most reliably and more amply projected, thereby aiding decipherment. This research began in 1993, with support from the National Geographic Society on the documentation of Soteapan Gulf Sokean, an underdescribed and in many respects very conservative Sokean language. This was followed up in 1994 by work on the six Mije-Sokean languages that I deemed most helpful for comparative purposes, supported jointly by the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Starting in 1995, we expanded to cover all of the Mije-Sokean languages, plus 11 Sapotekan languages whose documentation I consider sufficient to serve as a basis for reconstructing proto-Sapotekan. Starting in 1997, we added both Matlatzinkan languages, selected Totonakan languages, selected forms of Nawa, and one conservative Chochoan language, to contribute to the historical linguistic base for understanding the culture history of central Mexico. Over the years, this research has been supported by the National Science Foundation (1995-2001), the National Geographic Society (19972000), and the Salus Mundi Foundation (2001-2004). The research project is now named The Project for the Documentation of the Languages of Meso-America (PDLMA). The languages currently selected for investigation are those of peoples whose ancestors probably practiced writing or produced narrative pictography (Mistekan has been excluded). Every summer beginning 1994 between 7 and 15 linguists have worked together for nine weeks in a research center with speakers of as many different languages. BRR is the person entrusted with traveling to the towns where the Project seeks speakers: he interviews people, collects data, and contracts with speakers to work for 9 weeks in the summer at the PDLMA's research center. The linguists have come from all over North America, Meso-America, and Europe: while most have been graduate students, some have been PhDs, and some have been undergraduates. After 1996 Matlatzinkan, Nawa, Totonakan, and one Chochoan language have been added to the list of languages to be documented. From 1993 through 2002, no Mayan languages were the focus of the PDLMA; as of 2003, the PDLMA started working on the documentation of Lakantun and Yokot'an. In 1994 I started using Gateway notebook computers. From 1993 through 2003 I worked on the following non-Mayan languages: (for each a lexical database exists) Soteapan Gulf Sokean [12k]: 1993,1994,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Santa Mari*a Chimalapa Soke [14.5k]: 1994,1995,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003 San Miguel Chimalapa Soke [12k]: 1994,1995,2000,2001,2002,2003 Juchita*n Sapoteko [6.5k]: 1995,1996 Matlatzinka: 1997 [from 1997 this language has been worked on by Nancy Koch] Tlawika [4k]: 1998 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

NO FIELD WORK; Epi-Olmec decipherment NO FIELD WORK Forti*n SOT; Brazil Forti*n: MAR, SOT, MIG Catemaco: JCH, MAR, MIG Catemaco: JCH Catemaco: MTL, MAR Catemaco: TLW, MAR Catemaco: SOT, MAR Catemaco: MIG, SOT, MAR Catemaco: MIG, SOT, MAR San Cristo*bal: MIG, SOT, MAR San Cristo*bal: MIG, MAR, SOT

languages worked on by TK within the PDLMA Soteapan Gulf Zoquean

Santa Mari*a Chimalapa Western Zoque

San Miguel Chimalapa Western Zoque

20

Sum 1993, Sum 1994 Sum 1999, Sum 2000 Sum 2001 Sum 2002, Sum 2003

Forti*n

Sum 1994 Sum 1995, Sum 1997 Fal 1998, Sum 1999 Sum 2001 Sum 2002, Sum 2003

Forti*n

Sum 1994 Sum 1995, Sum 2000 Sum 2001 Sum 2002, Sum 2003

Forti*n

Catemaco San Cristo*bal

Catemaco San Cristo*bal

Catemaco San Cristo*bal

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Juchita*n Eastern Zapotec Sum 1995, Sum 1996

Catemaco

Matlatzinca

Sum 1978 Sum 1997

Me*xico, D.F. Catemaco

Tlawika

Sum 1998

Catemaco

In retrospect, from the vantage of 2003, I want to bear witness to the value of collaborative research both with linguists and cultural anthropologists. I started out in 1960 collaborating with Duane Metzger on Tzeltal. I lived with field linguists in Chiapas in 1960 and 1961. In 1967 I collaborated with Ray Freeze on Mocho*. From 1968 to 1970 I collaborated with Nick and Lore Colby on Ixil. From 1970 to 1979 I collaborated with linguists and administrators of the PLFM. In 1971 and 1973-1974 I collaborated with Lyle Campbell on Xinka. I spent 2-4 months every year in Guatemala from 1970 to 1979, living with field linguists. In 1985-1986 I collaborated with Brent Berlin on the SAILDP. From 1991 through to the present I have collaborated with John Justeson on decipherment. Since 1993 I have collaborated with linguists in the PDLMA, especially John Justeson, Roberto Zavala, and Thom Smith-Stark. I have coauthored articles and books with Lyle Campbell, Will Norman, John Justeson, Sally Thomason, and Victor Golla. The rest of the time I have worked and written on my own. Both styles are rewarding, but the rewards of collaborative research are very great: more is produced than would be produced individually, and dialog among colleagues committed to the same research program helps prevents incompletely developed ideas from being presented as one's mature thinking on important topics.

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% INTRODUCTION TO "A PRELIMINARY MAYAN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY" Terrence Kaufman (TK) and John Justeson (JJ) This database/textfile is based on the following: TK 1959-1978: Mayan etymologies, ca 1100 entries TK 1978, "The current state of Mayan comparative phonology" TK & William M Norman 1978, "An outline of proto-Cholan phonology,morphology, and vocabulary" OKMA 1994-2002, Guatemala Mayan synonym database, ca 1500 items (based on TK's Mayan Vocabulary Survey) TK 1967-1968 Mocho* lexical database (ca 5800 items) TK 1967-1968 Tuzanteco lexical database (ca 4700 items) TK 1971 Q'eqchi7 lexical database for Cahabo*n and Lanqui*n (ca. 2400 items) In a future version of this file, the following available sources will be incorporated: TK 1969, "Teco: A new Mayan language" TK 1972, El proto-tzeltal-tzotzil Robert M Laughlin 199x, The Flowering of Man Besides incorporating the above, a future version of the MED database will incorporate relevant material from all the field data on Mayan languages collected by Kaufman, most notably Chamula Tzotzil [1960-1965], Mazapa Teko [1967-1969] (here data was also collected by Una Canger), Ixil (all three dialects) [1968-1970], Tancanhuitz Potosino/Western Wasteko [1969,19801990], and Tantoyuca Central Wasteko [1969, 1980-1984]. From Spring 2002 through Spring 2003, funding from FAMSI and from the Salus Mundi Foundation supported the databasing of TK's data on a variety of Mayan languages, with the purpose of using it to create a preliminary version of a Mayan Etymological Dictionary. Characterization of the data Mayan Etymologies: cognate sets assembled by TK, 1960-1971; a few new etymologies by Will Norman, 1971-1979.

22

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Mayan Etymologies. This collection of etymologies was assembled between 1959 and 1970 by TK. Tuzanteco: data collected by TK in Dec-Jan 1967-8 and Sum 1968. by Joanne Michel in 2002.

Keyboarded

Chuj of San Sebastia*n Coata*n [PLFM]: data collected under the direction of TK and Judith Maxwell 1973-1975; keypunched; printed out in 1984; published in 1998. Keyboarded by Karina Koppius in 2002. Poqomchi7 of Santa Cruz Quiche* [PLFM]: data collected under the direction of TK and Linda Brown 1973-1975; keypunched; printed out in 1984 [incomplete: ends at ]; unpublished. Keyboarded by Mariana Espinosa in 2002. K'iche7 of Nawala7 [PLFM]: data collected under the direction of TK and William M. Norman 1971-1975; keypunched; printed out in 1984; published in 1996. Keyboarded by Marysaura Ortiz in summer 2002 from the printout of 1984. Kaqchikel of Tecpa*n [PLFM]; data collected under the direction of TK and William M. Norman 1971-1975; keypunched; printed out in 1978; published in 1996. Keyboarded by Mariana Espinosa in summer 2002 from the printout of 1978. Kaqchikel of Comalapa [PLFM]; data collected under the direction of TK and William M. Norman 1971-1975; keypunched; printed out in 1978; published in 1996. Keyboarded by Karina Koppius in 2002 from the printout of 1978. Ixil of Nebaj, Cotzal, and Chajul: data collected by TK 1968-1970; keypunched; printed out. Partly keyboarded by Bennet Kaufman in summer 2002 from a printout of the database of 1970 (the original computer tape is unreadable). Most of the remainder of the printout was keyboarded in summer 2003 by Mariana Espinosa, not charged to FAMSI. Parts of one letter remain to be databased. Q'eqchi7 of Cahabo*n and Lanqui*n: data collected by TK in 1971. Keyboarded from TK's field notes. Keyboarded Nov 2001 - March 2002 by Charlotte Devensky. Tz'utujiil of San Pedro La Laguna: data collected by TK in 1970.

23

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Keyboarded by Charlotte Devensky and Sarah Justeson from TK's field notes. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Mocho*: data collected by TK in Sum 1967, Dec-Jan 1967-8 and Sum 1968. Keyboarded by David Mora-Marin during Fall 2000 (not charged to FAMSI), and completed by Joanne Michel in 2002[??], from preliminary dictionary, field notes, and slip files, all by TK. Mopan of San Lui*s: data collected by TK in 1970. field notes by Mark Ferguson.

Keyboarded from TK's

Ch'orti7 of Jocota*n: data collected by TK in 1970. field notes by Mark Ferguson.

Keyboarded from TK's

Tzotzil of San Bartolome*: data collected by Harvey Sarles 1960-1962, and included in his unpublished 1965 University of Chicago dissertation. Keyboarded by Mark Ferguson. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx other Mayan material that has been databased, not covered by FAMSI Uspanteko: data collected by TK in 1971. TK's field notes. Uncompensated.

Keyboarded by Theresa Stark from

OKMA comparative vocabulary of Mayan languages of Guatemala. ca 1500 items, based on a questionnaire roughly like the MVS. The data is of high quality, being collected by OKMA linguists, but there are some failures to consistently mark vowel length for some of the languages. There are also very occasional errors with regard to glottalization of consonants, and the presence of non-initial glottal stop. In accordance with the practice of the official orthography for the Mayan languages of Guatemala, glottal stop in absolute word-initial position is not spelled. While not contrastive for Greater K'iche'an languages, it is contrastive for all other Mayan languages, including Q'eqchi7, and should be written. The data from this database are cited when they help to establish new cognate sets or expand preexisting cognate sets. In updated versions of the "Preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary", OKMA material will be supplemented by or replaced by data collected by TK or found in PLFM dictionaries. xxxxx

24

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

JJ helped in the editing and formatting of this material, as follows: A program was written to format data from the initial comparative database of 1103 items so that each data type began in a standard position in the line (except when the length of the data of a give type precluded this). JJ inserted into this file the data from OKMA, which however was differently formatted. JJ preprocessed the entire data file in an ASCII editor, then wrote a set of programs to revise the entirety into a consistent format. That format is: lexical item; grammatical code; gloss; data source. Because the data in some entries occupies so much space, clarity of presentation has led us to present the data in landscape format. During the spring 2003 semester, JJ wrote a set of programs to mine the data in the project's databases for inclusion to add to the existing cognate sets. For each language, the sound changes linking it to protoMayan were used to specify all of the CV(X)(V1)C syllable shapes in the modern language that descend from a particular CV(X)(V1)C in proto-Mayan. In effect, each of these sequences was treated as matching based on the CVC skeleton -- that is, agreement of the syllable nucleus with the expected shape was not imposed -- in order to avoid missing data that was aberrant or incorrectly represented. Affixes were stripped off, so that only syllables in forms spelled as roots were compared. Agreement with the position of the CVC sequence in the root was also not imposed, in order to catch data that was not analyzed or was misanalyzed morphologically. For each lexical item in a database that phonologically "matched" a proto-form already in the list of etymologies, the data for that item was formatted and inserted into the list of etymologies. Finally, the etymological list was reordered so that the data from each language appeared in its prescribed position. The processing stages involved are conceptually easy. However, the process of arriving at a joint understanding of what was required, together with the process of debugging the unwieldy programs that were being produced, led the programming process to take several weeks of debugging, rewriting, and fine-tuning. The programs were not "perfected" until June of 2003, when the PDLMA's field season was underway. Intentionally, the matching algorithm massively overgenerates on the principle that it is better to cull a great deal of irrelevant data than to miss any relevant data. In the case of Q'eqchi', for example, the programs added more than 11,000 lines of data, of which JJ eliminated all but 1450

25

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

as not being real matches. Between the end of the PDLMA's 2003 summer field work and the submission of this report, there was only time to edit the 1,000-page etymology file twice. As a result, the only data comprehensively mined in this way are from the Mocho* database, whose data was introduced and edited before the field season started, and the from Q'eqchi7 and Tuzanteco databases. Data from these three languages had the highest priority for inclusion because they best preserve features indicating the nature of the syllable nucleus. A small proportion of the relevant Mocho* data is probably missing, because this data was introduced before the processing procedures were perfected (it was however supplemented by Kaufman looking up Mocho* data for many sets). xxxxx The etymologies found herein are from the union of four sources: "Mayan Etymologies", TK 1959-1978; "The current state of Mayan comparative phonology", TK 1978; "An outline of proto-Cholan phonology, morphology, and vocabulary", TK & WN 1984; "Guatemala Mayan synonym database", OKMA 19902001. In the case of the last source, first TK identified cognate sets, then TK merged them with existing etymologies or TK recognized new etymologies. The total number of resulting etymologies was about 3000. Lexical databases for Mocho* [5900 items], Tuzanteco [4600 items], and Q'eqchi7 [2400 items] were searched for matches for the existing previously established etymologies. The above-mentioned databases, as well as all the other data TK has on hand, databased or otherwise, have not yet been compared with each other for the purpose of recognizing and establishing additional etymologies: this will be a later step in this research. These etymologies are ordered by semantic field. Etymologies of the same gloss are adjacent to one another. Etymologies of related meaning are in the neighborhood of each other. The semantic fields are ordered more or less logically. Within each semantic field the etymologies should be ordered logically, but this has not been done yet. Each etymology should be provided with a semantic reconstruction glossed in both Spanish and English, but for the moment, in most cases, the user will have to devise his/her own proto-gloss from the attested glosses in the individual languages. Each reconstruction has a label indicating how far back in the Mayan family tree the item can be reconstructed for. When two or more sets have the same reconstructed gloss, usually none of the etymologies covers

26

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

the whole family. In such cases it is often possible to argue that all but one (or even all) of the etymologies is a post-proto-Mayan innovation. When the rest of the data that TK have on hand is databased and edited, the new data will be integrated into the Mayan Etymological file, and phonological and semantic reconstructions will be modified as needed, and assignments of reconstructions to subgroups also modified as needed. This second stage is in progress. xxxxx The OKMA data. The data for verbs was generally collected via Spanish in the third person singular of the preterit (corresponding to the Mayan completive aspect). They are glossed accordingly. When the MED database is revised, the inflexional affixes will be removed from the verbs and the glosses replaced by Spanish infinitives. In many cases the OKMA data will be supplemented or in some cases supplanted by data collected by TK or found in available documentation. Though the OKMA data was collected by Mayan-speaking linguists, there are occasional lapses in the recording of vowel length, and of course, occasional typos. The Mayan linguists were not always collecting data from languages they spoke. xxxxx Orthography. All Mayan forms collected by linguists are cited according to the orthographic principles and practices developed in 1970-1971 at the PLFM. This orthography was modified in the official Guatemalan orthography by replacing (glottal stop) by /tz'ihb'-a:l/ `writing, design' MED: pM *tz'ihb', *tz'ihb'-a:l, *tz'ihb'-a... In this case, a pM and EpM form *tz'ihb'-a:l is certain; however, the possibility of an as yet unattested EpM form *tz'ihb'-i:l is suggested, though not guaranteed, by Yuk tz'iHb'-il. The expected -V:l form of this word is, however, also attested: [2]

31



/7aj=tz'ihb'/

`scribe'

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

/ch'ok/ `child, sprout; young, unripe' GLL *hu7n

[9]

/k'u:h-u:l/ `divine, sacred' [Yukatekan] MED: pM *k'u:h, GLL *k'uh-ul => pGTz *ch'u:h, *ch'u:h-u:l

[10] /taj/ `pine'; /taj-a:l/ MED: pM *tyaj => GLL *taj In cases [2] through [10], EpM shows a form of shape standing for /CVC/, paired with a standing for /CVC-V:l/

32

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

where V2 is the same in every pair. One further example is [11] /7ok-ib'/ `entrance', /y-ok-ib'/ `its/his entrance' /y-ok-b'-il/ `its/his entrance' This item must be Yukatekan, because it has /k/ where Ch'olan would have /ch/. Greater Tzeltalan has Chr 7och-ib'-ir `puerta, entrada' Chl y-och-ib' `entrada' Yok 7och-ib'-a `entrada, puerta, porto*n de cerco' Tze 7och-ib'-al, y-och-ib' `entrada'. However, we have not found (y-)ok-ib'* in any attested Yukatekan language. Mopan, though, has 7ok.ee.b' `entrada de casa/pueblo'. For most Epigraphic Mayan words, no -V:l form is spelled out. For these words, the hypothesis can only be tested using etymological data. There are about 125 Epigraphic Mayan nouns and adjectives that are spelled partially or entirely phonetically (crucially, spelling the final consonant) and whose etymologies are accurately understood. While EpM embodies a Ch'olan language in most times and places, a fair amount of the known lexicon in of Yukatekan origin. When the work on the preliminary MED was nearly complete in August 2003, TK compiled the data from it, looking in all entries with Epigraphic Mayan data for the -V:l suffix or suffixes attested in this file. In most cases, no data on these suffixed forms was included, but where it did exist is was almost always consistent with the hypothesis. TK then searched other data sources for the relevant data, and has found evidence for the cognate sets associated with most of the Epigraphic Mayan spellings at issue. With few exceptions, the Greater Tzeltalan data when present agrees with the Epigraphic Mayan spelling; when no Greater Tzeltalan data is present, the data from other Mayan languages is brought to bear, and it also agrees with few exceptions. The results were reported on September 6, 2003, at the Crabs and Glyphs meeting (Kaufman and Justeson 2003ms "The Unpronounced Vowels of the Epigraphic Mayan Orthography"). The level of agreement, approximately 90%, easily survives statistical testing. Sometimes the etymological data would be consistent with more than one vowel; that is, sometime there is more

33

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

than one {-V:l} suffix attested in a single Mayan language, or the vowel of the suffix disagrees across languages. The data were tested for their departure from random expectation, taking account of the fact that, for some lexical items, more than one vowel is attested in the etymological data and could be considered consistent with the unpronounced vowel of the hieroglyphic spelling. TK has worked through the relevant data for attestations outside the Greater Tzeltalan group, which is supportive of the hypothesis insofar as there is relevant comparable data. If this hypothesis is correct, various observed features of the spelling system are epiphenomenal -- that is, they are side effects of this system. They partly result from the fact that there are different {-V:l} suffixes which have distinct functions in Mayan languages. Some of these functions are carried by synharmonic {-V1l} suffixes; some by {-a:l}, {-i:l}, or (less often) {-u:l}; some by {e:l}; and none by {-o:l}. From these facts, the following statistical patterns are expected to characterize the system: (1) Although the synharmony/disharmony distinction was not a principle of the writing system, what could be described as synharmonic spellings result systematically from the fact that some {-Vl} suffixes are themselves synharmonic, and randomly from the fact that {-a:l} and {-i:l} often suffixed to stems containing /a/ or /i/ as well as to other stems. (2) signs are not expected to appear in disharmonic spellings, and signs should be rare among disharmonic spellings. Both and are expected among synharmonic spellings. In our view, this leaves little room for entertaining any hypothesis in which the unpronounced vowel of these syllabograms tells us anything about the pronunciation of any part of the word. This does not preclude the possibility that there may be some phonological (or other) principles influencing the vowel that occurred in {-V:l} suffixes. Any other principles influencing the selection of unpronounced vowel must have little scope. There is one good candidate, however, for such a rule: JJ's observation that, in CV7 sequences, the final 7 is always spelled synharmonically. The {-V:l} data tend usually turn out to be synharmonic in these cases, but there are exceptions. There is a handful of non-verbs with hieroglyphic spellings to which this hypothesis does not apply, because they are not nouns or adjectives. We intend to address these words, plus the verbs, in the future. xxxxx

34

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

FORMATTING: entries that have a common root are separated by two blank lines sets of entries that have a common root are separated from adjacent (sets of) entries that have a different root by ===== sets of entries that have the same or semantically related gloss are bounded by xxxxx The semantic fields into which the etymologies have been sorted are presented in the following order. These fields do not claim to reflect native Mayan semantic categories. A large number of compounds have been cited herein. They are listed under only one member of that compound. Judgement has been exercised regarding where the compound was most usefully cited/sited. Others might judge otherwise. Since the etymologies (or cognate sets) are listed by semantic field, occasionally parts of a single etymology have (inadvertently) been cited in more than one place. TK would be glad if any cases that have escaped his eye were brought to his attention.

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% KINSHIP & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% THOUGHT & FEELING/PERCEPTION & EVALUATION %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% COLOR %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% BODY PARTS and OTHER PARTS; BODY PROCESSES %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% ANIMAL PARTS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% LOCATION %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% EARTH %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% SKY %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% FIRE %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% WATER & LIQUIDS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% MAMMALS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% BIRDS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% REPTILES %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% TURTLES %% %%%%%%%%%%%%% %% SNAKES %% %%%%%%%%%%%%% %% LIZARDS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% BATRACHIANS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% FISH %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% MOLLUSKS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% BUGS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

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Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% SPEECH & INTERACTION %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% PLAY, DANCE, MUSIC %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% TRADE & PROPERTY %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% MANIPULATION %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% TOOLS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% BUILDINGS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% FURNITURE %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% CONTAINERS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% CLOTHING & ADORNMENT %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% AGRICULTURE %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% PLANT PARTS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% MAIZE %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% BEANS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% TREES %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% PALMS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% VINES %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% HERBS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% GRASSES %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% "PINEAPPLES" %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% FUNGUS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

37

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% EATING %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% TASTE %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% LIFE & EXISTENCE %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% MOVEMENT %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% SICKNESS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% MAGIC %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% QUALITY %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% SHAPE %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% QUANTITY %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% NUMERALS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% GRAMMAR %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% xxxxx Template. The forms from Mayan languages have been cited in a standard order, according to the classification of the Mayan family that I use. Interspersed among the codes for language names are codes for nodes on the Mayan family tree where reconstructions might be cited. Also among the codes for language names are codes for particular dialects of these languages or towns where these languages are spoken. The codes are cited below, in the order that they standardly appear. In the current database, instead of the codes for dialects/varieties listed below, the following codes have been used. These discrepancies will be rectified in subsequent versions of this work: WASw WASc

38

Western (Tancanhuitz) Central (Tantoyuca)

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

WASe MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi IXLne IXLco IXLch KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk KAQp KAQc KAQt PQMp PQMj QEQw QEQe QEQl&c

Eastern (Chontla, Chinampa) Tacana* Ostuncalco Cajola* San Idlefonso Ixtahuaca*n Nebaj Cotzal Chajul Nahuala* Quiche* Chichicastenango Chicaj Patzu*n Comalapa Tecpa*n Pali*n San Lui*s Jilotepeque Western (Coba*n, Chamelco) Eastern (Lanqui*n and Cahabo*n) Lanqui*n and Cahabo*n

pM pWa WAS

proto-Mayan proto-Wastekan Wasteko /teenek/ occ = occidental/western (Tancanhuitz /k'aan=witx/, Aquismo*n /7akits=mom/) cen = central (Tantoyuca /tam toyok/) ori = oriental/western (Chontla, Chinampa) KAB Kabil ("Chicomuselteco") pYu proto-Yukatekan YUK Yukateko /maHya/ LAK Lakantun mex = Mexican (Naha*) gua = Guatemala ITZ Itzaj MOP Mopan pCM proto Central Mayan pWM proto Western Mayan pGTz proto Greater Tzeltalan EpM Epigraphic Mayan pCh proto-Ch'olan

39

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

CHR

Ch'orti7 joc = Jocota*n cam = Camota*n CHT Ch'olti7 [col] CHL Ch'ol til = Tila tum = Tumbala* YOK Yokot'an (Chontal of Tabasco) pTzp proto-Tzeltalan Proper TZO Tzotzil /b'atz'i k'op/ col = Colonial Tzotzil of Zinacanta*n and = San Andre*s (Larra*inzar) che = Chenalho* /ch'enal=o7/ zin = Zinacanta*n /sotz'=leb'/ cha = (San Juan) Chamula /cham=o7/ hui = Huixta*n bar = San Bartolo TZE Tzeltal /b'atz'il k'op/ col = Colonial Tzetal of Copanahuastla bch = Bachajo*n /b'ahch'ajom/ ten = Tenejapa /job'el to/ oxc = Oxchuc /7ox=chuhk/ ama = Amatenango /tzob'on=tajal/ agu = Aguacatenango /tz'eht=te7/ pGQ proto Greater Q'anjob'alan pChT proto-Chujean (proto-Chuj-Tojol 7ab'al) TOJ Tojol 7ab'al CHJ Chuj ixt = (San Mateo) Ixtata*n coa = (San Sebastia*n) Coata*n pQp proto-Q'anjob'al Proper QAN Q'anjob'al sol = Soloma eul = Santa Eulalia bar = Barillas AKA Akateko aca = (San Miguel) Acata*n raf = San Rafael (La Independencia) POP Popti7 pKo proto-Kotoke /qato7k'/ MCH Mocho* /mo:cho7/ ("Motozintleco") TUZ "Tuzanteco" /mu:chu7/

40

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pEM pGM pMp TEK

MAM

pIx AWA IXL

pGK pUK USP pKp KCH

SIP SAK

41

proto Eastern Mayan proto Greater Mamean proto-Mamean Proper Teko (Cuilquen*o) maz = Mazapa (de Madero) ama = Amatenango (de la Frontera) tec = Tectita*n Mam /qyool/ col = Colonial Northern Mam w:tac = Western Mam, esp. of Tacana* s:ost = Southern Mam, esp. of Ostuncalco n:ixt = Northern Mam of Ixtahuaca*n n:tod = Northern Mam of Todos Santos proto-Ixilan Awakateko agu = Aguacata*n cha = Chalchita*n Ixil col = Colonial Ixil neb = Nebaj /na7b'a/ cot = Cotzal /k'usal/ cha = Chajul /tx'aol/ proto Greater K'iche'an proto Uspanteko-K'iche'an Uspanteko (Musre*) proto-K'iche'an Proper K'iche7 /k'iche7 ch'aab'al/ col = Colonial K'iche7 nah = Nahuala* /nawala7/ ixt = (Santa Catarina) Ixtahuaca*n /xankata7l/ tot = Totonicapa*n /ch+ u-wi7 meq'en=a7/ mom = Momostenango /ch+ u-waa tz'aaq/ qui = Quiche* chi = Chichicastenango /ch+ u-wi7 lah/ cub = Cubulco /kub'uul/ rab = Rabinal /rab'inaal/ caj = San Miguel Chicaj /chi+ kaaj/ Sipakapense Sakapulteko

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

TZU

KAQ

Tz'utujiil ped = San Pedro (La Laguna) jua = San Juan (La Laguna) ati = (Santiago) Atitla*n Kaqchikeel col = Colonial Kaqchikeel sol = Solola* /tzolol=a7/ com = Comalapa

pPQ PQM

PCH

QEQ

ptz = Patzu*n /pa+ su7n/ tec = Tecpa*n /7ixim=chee7/ mar = Santa Mari*a de Jesu*s proto Poqom-Q'eqchi' Poqomam mix = Mixco chi = Chinautla pal = Palin pin = (San Pedro) Pinula jil = (San Lui*s) Jilotepeque Poqomchii7 cru = Santa Cruz cri = San Cristo*bal Verapaz tac = Tactic tam = Tamahu* Q'eqchi7 cob = Coba*n cha = (San Juan) Chamelco lan = Lanqui*n cah = Cahabo*n /k'ajb'om/

major genetic groupings for which reconstructions are often cited: CM = Central Mayan: WM + EM WM = Western Mayan: GTz + GQ EM = Eastern Mayan: GM + GK GTz = Ch + Tz GQ = Chujean + Qanjobal + Kotoke GM = Ix + Mp GK = UK + PQ

42

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

diffusion zones LL (Lowland) = Yukatekan + Cholan GLL (Greater Lowland) = Yukatekan + Greater Tzeltalan Hue (Huehuetenango) = GQ (some or all, usually not Kotoke) + GM or all)

43

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

(some

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Works referred to [this is not a full bibliography of available material, only the materials consulted in the preparation of the MED database] proto-Mayan Kaufman, Terrence. 1964. Materiales lingu"i*sticos para el estudio de las relaciones internas y externas de la familia de idiomas mayanos, pp 81-136 of Desarrollo Cultural de los Mayas, Evon Vogt, ed., Mexico. Reprinted 1971. Kaufman, Terrence. April.

1969.

Teco - A new Mayan language.

Kaufman, Terrence.

1978ms.

IJAL 35.154-174,

The current state of Mayan comparative phonology.

Kaufman, Terrence & William M. Norman. 1985. An Outline of Proto-Cholan Phonology. Morphology, and Vocabulary, pp 77-166 of Phoneticism in Mayan Hieroglyphic Writing, ed. by Lyle Campbell and John Justeson, Publication No. 9, Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, SUNY Albany. Wasteko /teenek/ Larsen, Ramo*n. 1955. Vocabulario Huasteco del Estado de San Lui*s Potosi*. Me*xico DF: ILV. Kaufman, Terrence. 1996-2003. Tancanhuitz Wasteko lexical database. collected 1969, 1980-1990. 13,500 entries. 25% not yet databased.

Data

Yukateko /maHya/ Barrera Va*squez, Alfredo, et al. 1980. Diccionario Maya Cordemex: Maya Espan*ol, Espan*ol - Maya. Me*rida: Ediciones Cordemex. 69 + 980 + 360 pp. Bricker, Victoria, Eleuterio Po7ot Yah, and Ofelia Dzul de Po7ot. 200x. A Dictionary of the Maya Language as Spoken in Hocaba*, Yucata*n. Salt Lake: University of Utah Press. xx + 410 pp. ISBN 0-87480-569-4. [Antonio de Ciudad Real]. 2001. Calepino Maya de Motul. Edicio*n cri*tica y anotada por Rene* Acun*a. Mexico DF: Plaza y Valde*s. 602 pp. ISBN 968-856-992-5.

44

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Lakantun Canger, Una. entries.

1969.

Lakantun of San Quinti*n lexical database.

3543

Itzaj Hofling, Charles Andrew with Fe*lix Fernando Tesucu*n. 1997. Itzaj Maya Spanish - English Dictionary / Diccionario Maya Itzaj - Espan*ol - Ingles. 910 pp. ISBN 0-87480-550-3 Mopan Kaufman, Terrence. 2003. 1971. 2597 entries.

Mopan lexical database.

Data collected 1970-

Ulrich, Matthew & Rosemary Ulrich. 1976. Diccionario Bilingu"e: Maya Mopa*n y Espan*ol, Espan*ol y Maya Mopa*n. Guatemala: ILV. 393 pp. Epigraphic Mayan Beljaev, Dmitrij (and Aljbert Davlets^in). ieroglific^eskogo majja. web posting

2003.

Kratkij slovarj

Boot, Erik. 2002. A Preliminary Classic Maya - English / English Classic Maya Vocabulary of Hieroglyphic Readings. 128 pp. web posting Kettunen, Harri. Mayahieroglyfit. 232 pp. ISBN 952-5481-00-X.

Instituto Iberoamericano de Finlandia.

Montgomery, John. 2002. Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs. New York: Hippocrene Books. viii + 416 pp. ISBN 0-7818-0862-6. Also web posting edited by Peter Mathews proto-Ch'olan Kaufman, Terrence & William M. Norman. 1985. An Outline of Proto-Cholan Phonology. Morphology, and Vocabulary, pp 77-166 of Phoneticism in Mayan Hieroglyphic Writing, ed. by Lyle Campbell and John Justeson, Publication No. 9, Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, SUNY Albany.

45

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Ch'orti7 Kaufman, Terrence. 2263 entries.

1970.

Ch'orti7 lexical database.

Databased 2003.

PLFM (Vitalino Pe*rez Marti*nez, Federico Garci*a, Felipe Marti*nez, Jeremi *as Lo*pez). 1996. Diccionario Ch'orti': Jocota*n, Chiquimula. Antigua: PLFM. 54 + 272 pp. Ch'olti7 [col] Norman, William.

1978?

Ch'olti7 slip file made from Mora*n

Ch'ol Aulie, H. Wilbur & Evelyn W. de Aulie. 1978. Diccionario Chol Espan*ol, Espan*ol - Chol. Me*xico DF: ILV. 215 pp. Josserand, Kathryn & Nicholas A. Hopkins. Database: Ch'ol.

1988.

Mayan Vocabulary Survey

Josserand, Kathryn & Nicholas A. Hopkins. Database: Ch'ol.

1988.

Monosyllable Dictionary

(Bernabe* Montejo Lo*pez, Jorge Guzma*n Gutie*rrez, Rube*n Lo*pez Lo*pez, Enrique Jime*nez Jime*nez, Ernesto Marti*nez Lo*pez). 2000. Sa"kla"ji'b Ty'an~ Ch'ol. Tuxtla Gutie*rrez: Gobierno del Estado. 291 pp. ISBN 9685246-08-4. Yokot'an (Chontal of Tabasco) Keller, Kathryn C. & Pla*cido Luciano G. 1997. Tabasco (Mayense). Tucson: ILV. xix + 527 pp.

Diccionario Chontal de ISBN 968-31-0290-5.

proto-Tzeltalan Proper Kaufman, Terrence. 1972, 1998. El Proto-Tzeltal-Tzotzil: Fonologi*a comparada y diccionario reconstruido. Me*xico DF: CEM, UNAM. 161 pp. Tzotzil /b'atz'i k'op/ Sarles, Harvey B.

46

1965ms.

Tzotzil dictionary, San Bartolome* de los

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Llanos (Venustiano Carranza).

Databased 2003.

2996 entries.

Laughlin, Robert M. 1988. The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacanta*n: with Grammatical Analysis and Historical Commentary. Volume I: Tzotzil-English. xiii + 356 pp. Hurley Vda. de Delgaty, Alfa & Agusti*n Rui*z Sa*nchez. 1978. Diccionario Tzotzil de San Andre*s con Variaciones Dialectales: Tzotzil Espan*ol, Espan*ol - Tzotzil. Me*xico DF: ILV. xvii + 481 pp. Laughlin, Robert M. 1975. The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacanta*n. Washington: Smithsonian. 598 pp. Tzeltal /b'atz'il k'op/ Berlin, Brent & Terrence Kaufman. 1962ms, 1988ms. Tenejapa Tzeltal Dictionary (and database). 375 pp. ca 3500 entries Slocum, Marianna C., Florencia Gerdel, and Manuel Cruz Aguilar. 1999. Diccionario Tzeltal de Bachajo*n, Chiapas. Segunda Edicio*n. Me*xico DF: ILV. xxii + 336 pp. ISBN 968-31-0292-1. Tojol 7ab'al Lenkersdorf, Carlos. 1979. b'omak'umal tojol ab'al - kastiya 1 (Diccionario tojolabal - espan*ol: idioma mayance de los Altos de Chiapas, volumen uno). Me*xico DF: Editorial Nuestro Tiempo. 425 pp. Chuj PLFM (Mateo Felipe Diego, Juan Gaspar Juan). 1998. Diccionario del Idioma Chuj (de San Sebastia*n Coata*n): Chuj - Espan*ol. Antigua: PLFM. 286 pp. Databased 2002; 3982 entries. Q'anjob'al PLFM (Diego de Diego Antonio, Francisco Pascual, Nicola*s de Nicola*s Pedro, Carmelino Fernando Gonza*lez, Santiago Juan Mati*as, and Fernando Eustaquio Ferna*ndez Pablo). 2001. Diccionario del Idioma Qanjob'al. 2001. Guatemala: Cholsamaj. 44 + 396 pp. ISBN 99922-56-37-0 Akateko

47

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

PLFM (Domingo Andre*s, Karen Dakin, Jose* Juan, Leandro Lo*pez, Fernando Pen*alosa). 1996. Diccionario Akateko - Espan*ol. Rancho Palos Verdes: Ediciones Yax Te'. 238 pp. ISBN 1-886502-07-2 Popti7 PLFM Me*ndez Cruz, Antonio Feliciano. 1997. Diccionario Popti' [Jakalteko] Castellano (Hej stzoti'al jab'xub'al). Guatemala: Editorial Nuestra Ame*rica. 440 pp. Mocho* /mo:cho7/ ("Motozintleco") Kaufman, Terrence. 2000-2003. 1967-1968. 5845 items.

Mocho* lexical database.

Data collected

"Tuzanteco" /mu:chu7/ Kaufman, Terrence. 2000-2003. 197-1968. 4752 entries.

Tuzanteco lexical database.

Data collected

Teko (Cuilquen*o) Canger, Una.

1969.

Kaufman, Terrence. file.

Teco of Mazapa slip file. 1968.

Teco of Mazapa, Amatenango, and Tectita*n slip

Mam /qyool/ PLFM (Juan Maldonado Andre*s, Juan Ordo*n*ez Domingo, Juan Ortiz Domingo). 1983. Diccionario de San Ildefonso Ixtahuaca*n, Huehuetenango: Mam Espan*ol. Hannover: Verlag fuer Ehnologie. 517 pp. Awakateko PLFM (Guillermo Lo*pez Pe*rez, Gaspar Me*ndez Lo*pez, Mati*as Me*ndez). 1999. Diccionario Awakateko y Chalchiteko. Antigua: PLFM. 401 pp. Ixil

48

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Kaufman, Terrence. 2002-2003. Ixil lexical database (all 3 dialects). Data collected 1968-1970. 7328 entries (ca 500 undatabased). PFLM (Juan Rodri*guez Sa*nchez, Efrai*n Poma Sambrano, Teresa Pe*rez Toma, Francisco Castro Osorio). 1995. Aq'b'al Elu'l Yol Vatzasaj: Diccionario Ixil (de San Juan Cotzal). Cotzal: PRECMI. 221 pp. PLFM (Lucas Asicona Rami*rez, Domingo Me*ndez Rivera, Rodrigo Domingo Xinic Bop). 1998. Diccionario Ixil de San Gaspar Chajul. Antigua: PLFM. 7 + 201 pp PLFM (Antonio Cedillo Chel, Juan Rami*rez). 1999. Diccionario del Idioma Ixil de Santa Mari*a Nebaj, Ixil - Espan*ol. Antigua: PLFM. 9 + 384 pp. Uspanteko (Musre*) Kaufman, Terrence. 2000. 1971. 4462 entries.

Uspanteko lexical database.

Data collected

K'iche7 /k'iche7 ch'aab'al/ PLFM (Pedro Florentino Ajpacaja Tum, Manuel Isidro Chox Tum, Francisco Lucas Tepaz Raxuleu, Diego Adria*n Guarchaj Ajtzalam, Juan Rodrigo Guarchaj Tzep). 1996. Diccionario K'iche' (de Santa Catarina Ixtahuaca*n y Nahuala*): K'iche' - Espan*ol. Antigua: PLFM. 11 + 538 pp. Databased 2002. 6571 entries. Sipakapense Kaufman, Terrence.

1980. Sipacapa slip file. Data collected 1971

Tz'utujiil Kaufman, Terrence. 2002. Tz'utujiil lexical database (San Pedro La Laguna). Data collected 1970. 2484 entries. PLFM (Francisco Pe*rez Mendoza, Miguel Herna*ndez Mendoza). 1996. Diccionario Tz'utujil (de San Juan La Laguna). Antigua: PLFM. 127 + 704 pp. Kaqchikeel Marti*n Chacach Cutzal, et al.

49

2002.

Comalapa Kaqchikel lexical database.

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

Data collected 1971-1975.

2986 entries.

Narciso Cojti* Macario, et al. 2002. Tecpa*n Kaqchikel lexical database. Data collected 1971-1975. 3161 entries. PLFM (Narciso Cojti Macario, Martin Chacach Cutzal, Marcos Armando Cali). 1998. Diccionario Kaqchikel, Kakchikel - Espan*ol. Antigua: PLFM 10 + 457 pp. Poqomam Smith-Stark, Thomas Cedric. 1983. Jilotepeque Pocomam phonology and morphology. PhD thesis, University of Chicago. Poqomchii7 Brown, Linda. 2002. Poqomchii7 of San Cristo*bal lexical database. Data collected at PLFM 1973-1977. 5090 entries (database ends in the middle of the letter T) Kaufman, Terrence. 2003. Poqomchii7 of Tactic lexical database. collected 1970. 1976 entries.

Data

Sedat, Elizabeth R. V. de. 2001. Tusq'orik Poqomchii' - Kaxlan Q'orik: Diccionario Poqomchii' - Castellano. Guatemala: Cholsamaj. 883 pp. ISBN 99922-56-20-6 Q'eqchi7 Haeserijn V., Padre Esteban. 1979. Diccionario K'ekchi' Espan*ol. Guatemala: Editorial Piedra Santa. 489 pp Kaufman, Terrence. 2002. Q'eqchi7 lexical database, Cahabo*n and Lanqui*n. Data collected 1970. 2463 entries. PLFM (Miguel Sam Jua*rez, Ernesto Chen Cao, Crisanto Xal Tec, Domingo Cuc Chen, and Pedro Tiul Pop). 2001. Diccionario Q'eqchi'. Guatemala: Cholsamaj. 55 + 455 pp. ISBN 99922-56-30-3

50

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

MAYAN ETYMOLOGIES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% KINSHIP & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% pCM *me7b'aa7 pCh CHR CHT CHL TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA AKA POP MCH TUZ TEK TEK MAM MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi MAMi AWA AWA AWA IXL IXL USP USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc

51

`bereft/poor' [+ TK 1978 11b.a] *meb'a7 aj/s neb'a7 #neba aj/s meb'a7 aj/s meb'a aj/s meb'a aj/s meb'a7 aj/s meb'a meb'a meb'a7 aj/s meb'a7 meb'ah meb'ah meb'a7 aj/s me:b'a(:)7 meb'a:7 s/aj meeb'a7 meeb'a7 meeb'aa7 aj/s mib'a7 meb'a meeb'e meeb'a meeb'a #meb'a7 aj/s meb'a7 meb'a7 me7b'a me7b'a nib'a7 nib'a7 meeb'aa7 aj/s meb'aa7 meb'a7 nib'aa7

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

// bereft (orphan, widow) pobre hue*rfano, pobre // hue*rfano, pobre // hue*rfano, pobre // hue*rfano, pobre // [(sic)] hue*rfano, pobre // pobre hue*rfano hue*rfano, pobre // pobre pobre hue*rfano hue*rfano, pobre // huerfan(it)o, pobre(cito) hue*rfano, pobre [ETR] // pobre hue*rfano hue*rfano // hue*rfano hue*rfano hue*rfano pobre hue*rfano hue*rfano, pobre // pobre hue*rfano pobre hue*rfano pobre hue*rfano hue*rfano // pobre pobre pobre

[K&N 316] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [a] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

KCHc KCHk KCHk SIP SAK TZU TZU KAQ KAQp KAQp KAQc KAQc KAQi KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQ QEQw

nib'aa7 nib'aa7 nib'aa7 meb'a7 imeb'a7 meb'aa7 meb'aa7 meb'a7 meb'a7 meb'a7 meb'a7 meb'a7 meb'a7 meb'a7 meb'aa7 nieb'a7 neb'a7 ~ nib'a7 neb'aa7 neb'a7 neb'a7 neb'a7

hue*rfano pobre hue*rfano hue*rfano pobre pobre hue*rfano hue*rfano, pobre // pobre hue*rfano pobre hue*rfano pobre hue*rfano hue*rfano pobre hue*rfano, pobre // pobre pobre hue*rfano hue*rfano, pobre //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

QAN

meb'ixh

hue*rfano

[OKMA]

PQMj

nieb'a7 winaq

hue*rfano

[OKMA]

MAMi AWA PCH QEQ

meb'ayiil meb'a7iil neb'a7il neb'a7il

hambre hambre hambre hambre

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

aj/s

aj/s

aj/s

(pobreza) (pobreza) (pobreza) (pobreza)

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

===================================================================== pYu #7otzil ITZ ITZ MOP MOP

52

o7tzil o7tzil otzil otzil

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

hambre (pobreza) pobre hambre (pobreza) pobre

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

======================================================================= EM *ma7lka7an AWA USP USP KCHc KCHc KCHk KCHk TZU TZU KAQp KAQp PQMp PQMp QEQ QEQc&l

53

x=ma7lka7n malka7n malka7n malka7n malka7n malkan malkan malka7n malka7n malka7n malka7n malka7n malka7n x=malka7an ma7lka7n

viuda viuda viudo viuda viudo viuda viudo viuda viudo viuda viudo viuda viudo viuda viuda //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

KCHn KCHq SAK KAQc KAQi

malka7n achi malka7n achi ixi malka7n achin malka7n achin malka7n achi

viudo viudo viudo viudo viudo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

KCHn SAK KAQc KAQi

malka7n ixoq ixil malka7n ixaq malka7n ixo"q malka7n ixoq

viuda viuda viuda viuda

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

======================================================================= pM *ty'a7 QAN IXL KCH TZU

`to fight' [TK 1978 13.5]

GK+ *7aj=ty'a7.ooj IXL aa=ch'a7o USP aj=ch'o7j KCHn aj=ch'o7j KCHq aj=ch'o7j KCHc aj=ch'a7ooj KCHk aj=ch'a7ooj SIP aj=ch'o7j

54

guerrero, guerrero, guerrero, guerrero, guerrero, guerrero, guerrero,

soldado soldado soldado soldado soldado soldado soldado

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

SAK TZU

ch'ojnel a+ ch'ojla7

guerrero, soldado guerrero, soldado

[OKMA] [OKMA]

USP KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SAK TZU

xch'ojink xch'o7jinik xch'o7janik xch'a7ojinik xch'a7ojinik xch'ojnek xch'ojini

peleo* peleo* peleo* peleo* peleo* peleo* peleo*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

======================================================================= EM *ty'i7ip MCH TUZ MAMo MAMc AWA USP USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PCH PCH QEQ QEQw

55

`latest child' [TK 1978 13.26] tz'i7p tz'i7p ch'i7p ch'ib' ch'i7p #ch'ip ch'ib' ch'i7p ch'i7p ch'i7p ch'i7p ch'ip ch'i7p che7p ch'i7p ch'i7p ch'i7p ch'ip ch'i7p #ch'ip ch'i7p ch'i7ip (x=)ch'iip, ch'i7ip, ch'ipej

s

s s

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

segundo hijo; hermanito, "chipe" [tk] nin*o que sigue del primero [ERH,-ETR] // one's immediately younger sibling [ETR] [TK67-68] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] lo ma*s chico/ pequen*o // [st] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] lo ma*s chico/pequen*o, dedo pequen*o, hijo menor // [tk] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] lo ma*s chico/ pequen*o // [st] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo (benjami*n) [OKMA] u*ltimo hijo //

======================================================================= pM *tz'ihb' YUK YUK LAK MOP EpM EpM pCh CHR TZE QAN POP TUZ TUZ TUZ AWA KCH TZU KAQ PCH QEQw QEQc&l

tz'i*b' #dzib tz'ib' tz'ib' /tz'ihb'.aal/ *tz'ihb' tz'ijb' tz'ihb' tz'ib' tz'ib' tz'i:b' tz'i:b' 7i7nh k'u:m tz'i:b' 7i7nh ti+ k'u:m tz'ib' tz'iib' tz'ijb' tz'ib' tz'ihb' tz'iib' (a)j tz'ihb'

pM *tz'ihb'.a ITZ ITZ MOP

tutz'ib'taj tutz'ib'taj utz'i7ib'taj

pCh CHR CHT CHL TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN AKA POP

56

*tz'ihb'.a" utz'ijb'a #tzib-a(n) tz'ijb'.u-n tz'ihb'.ay ~ tz'ihb'.uy tz'iib'.a tz'ib'.e-j ix stz'ib'ej maxstz'ib'e xstz'ib'eyoj xstz'ib'nhe

v sv sv sv sv sv sv vt vt aj/s ? v sv sv sv sv sv

vt vt vt vt v vt

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

escribir // escritura // escritura // escritura // writing picture, painting // writing escritura // escritura // escribir // escribir // escritura // chilaca [ERH] // chilacayote [ERH] // escribir // escritura, letra // escritura // escritura // escritura // escritura, barcino // escribiente //

[mq] [m]

lo escribio* lo dibujo* lo escribio*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

// to write lo escribio* escribir // escribir // escribir // escribir // escribir // lo escribio* lo escribio* lo escribio* lo escribio*

[K&N 577a] [OKMA] [m]

[K&N 577] [tk] [TK67-68] [TK67-68] [TK67-68] [a] [tk] [tk] [tk] [TK71]

[tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

57

TUZ

tz'ib'a.b'al

s1, s

TUZ TUZ TUZ TUZ TEK MAM* MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi MAMi AWA IXL USP KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PCH QEQ QEQw

tz'ib'-a7 ERG-chet tz'ib'anhe:j tz'ib'-a-nhe:j tz'ib'.o:m qet tz'iib'al tz'iib'.a ku ttz'ib'a7n ma ku7 ttz'ib'a7n ma kub' ttz'i7b'in ma kub' ttz'iib'an ma kub' ttz'iib'an tib'ilaal stz'iib' kat itz'ib'a xajtz'ib'aj xutz'ib'aaj xutz'ib'aaj xutz'ib'aaj xutz'ib'aaj xutz'ib'aj xitz'ib'aj xutz'ib'aaj xutz'ib'aj xutz'ib'aj xutz'ib'aj xitz'ihb'aa xitz'ihb'aaj xtz'iib'a tz'iib'.ak

vt + rp s1 s s1

v

letra [ERH] // [of alphabet? [ETR]; a letter [ERH] [TK67-68] persignarse [ETR] // [TK67-68] eucuadernacio*n [ERH] // [TK67-68] documento [ERH] // [TK67-68] secretario [ERH] // [TK67-68] lo escribio* [OKMA] escribir // lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo dibujo* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] lo escribio* [OKMA] escribir //

PCH

tz'ihb'.an.ik

v

escribir //

vt

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx WORK pM *7ab' WASw

7ab.a7

vt

pM *7ab'e7n TUZ TUZ

7ab'.e7n 7ab'.ne7 # kene:

vt + dir

7ab'.ne.la7 7ab'.en

vt s

TUZ QEQw

mandarlo, enviarlo una cosa que se deja recomendado [ERH,-ETR] // [TK67-68] dejar recomendado [ETR] // to promise ? [ETR] [TK67-68] encarga*r(se)lo [ERH] // [TK67-68] encargo

pM *7ab'.aaty WASw EpM(Ch) pCh CHT TZE TUZ TUZ TUZ KAQ QEQ

7abaat ~ 7abats /y-eb'et/ *7eb'et s #ebet s ab'at s 7ab'at [1] s1 7ab'at [2] s1a 7ab'at.o:m s #abach s #r-abach s

enviado, mandadero // messenger // messenger [K&N 131] mensajero // [m] sirviente // [tk] polici*a [ERH] // [TK67-68] mandado [ETR] // [TK67-68] mandadero [ETR], mandadero, mensajero [ERH] [TK67-68] encomienda // sirviente //

pWM *7ab'.t.e TZO TZE TOJ TUZ

ab't-ej a7t-ej a7t-j 7ab't.e7

vt + dir vt + dir

trabajar // trabajar // trabajar // mandarlo [ETR][ERH] // to send him on an errand [ETR][ERH] mandarlo [ERH] // mandar [ERH] //

s s vt vt

autoridades // trabajo // trabajo // trabajo //

TUZ 7ab't.e7 # n=o:nh TUZ 7ab't.e7 # ta: GTz *7ab'.t.e.l CHL e7t-el TZO ab't-el TZE a7t-el TOJ a7t-el

58

vi vi vi vt

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[tk] [tk] [TK67-68] [TK67-68] [TK67-68] [tk] [tk]

========================================================================= GK *7ab'.iix USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk PQMp PQMj PCH USP KCHn PQMp PQMj

ab'ix #abix ab'ix ab'ix ab'iix ab'iix ab'iix ab'iix ab'ix

s

s

nuch' ab'ix alaj ab'ix richaam ab'iix tz'upuup ab'iix

milpa milpa // milpa milpa milpa milpa milpa milpa milpa //

[OKMA] [gm] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

milpa milpa milpa milpa

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

pequen*a pequen*a pequen*a pequen*a

======================================================================= CM *pataan tributo, servicio [trabajo (CHT,CHR), mecapal (Kp), milpa (MCH) YUK #pa*tan EpM /pataan/ pCh *patan CHR patan CHT #patan TZE patan MCH pataan MCH (ch-o:q) pata:n MCH x-xa:q pata:n TUZ pata:n TUZ USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP

59

patan.laq ptan pataan patan patan patan patan ptem

are shifted/extended meanings] s tributo // tribute, work s // work [CHT 'tributo'] s trabajo de limpiar milpa // s tributo // s tributo // s milpa // milpa // corn plant hoja de la milpa s milpa - especialmente la mata [ETR]; milpa [ERH,-ETR] // milperi*o [ERH,-ETR] // mecapal s servicio, #oficio, costumbre // mecapal mecapal mecapal mecapal mecapal

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[m] [K&N 395] [m] [tk] [tk] [tk] [TK67] [TK67-68] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [wn] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

cf.

SAK KAQ KAQp KAQi PQMp PCH PCH PCH PCH

patam patan pata"n pata"n pitan patnal #patan #patan ~ #pitan pitan ~ patnaal

TUZ

patn.i7

KAQc KAQi PQMp

s

s s s vt

mecapal tributo mecapal mecapal mecapal mecapal tributo mecapal mecapal

//

// // //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [st] [st] [OKMA]

rozarlo [milpa] [ETR] //

[TK67-68]

pata"n pata"n pitan

roble roble roble

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

CHR CHR

patna7r patna

trabajo trabajo*

[OKMA] [OKMA]

USP KCHc AWA

patan che7 patan chee7 pchum

palo para sembrar palo para sembrar

[OKMA] [OKMA] [TK]

======================================================================= pCM *muun pCh CHT CHJ KCH

*mun #mun mun.. #mun

s s s s

// slave esclavo // trabajo // esclavo //

[K&N 336] [m]

pM *muun.iil YUK TZO POP POP POP MCH TUZ

#munil #munil munil munil s-munil ERG-mu(:)n(i:)l muni:l

s s s

servidumbre // tributo // trabajo // trabajo oficio, cargo // usefulness // usefulness [ETR]

[m]

60

n s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[gm]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67] [TK67-68]

pre-KOT #muun.l.a MCH munl-a' TUZ munil.a7 TUZ TUZ

munil.a.b'en munil.a-:n

Hue #muun.l.oom MCH munl-o:m-e' TUZ munil.o:m TUZ munil.o:m-e7 TEK muunl.oom pQa #muun.l.a.Vj CHJ ix+ munlaj-i QAN mulnaj QAN max+ mulnaj-i AKA x+ mulnah-i POP x+ munlah-i

vt vt iv:antip

s agt

s?

pQa #mun.l.a.Vj.eel CHJ munlajel CHJ mulajel QAN mulnajil AKA mulnahil AKA mulnahil GLL #mun.aty YUK TZO TZE

#munach #munat #munat

s s s

servir // darle algo a persona, asistirlo [ETR]; mantenerlo [ERH] // que ha asistido [ETR] // mantener [ERH] //

[TK67]

autoridades // e*l que asiste, mantiene [ETR] // ayuntamiento [ERH] // town official

[TK67] [TK67-68] [TK67-68] [tk]

trabajo* trabajo // trabajo* trabajo* trabajo*

[OKMA]

trabajo oficio, cargo trabajo trabajo oficio, cargo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

esclavo, tributo // esclavo // esclavo //

[m]

[TK67-68] [TK67-68] [TK67-68]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

======================================================================= pYu #meyaaj ITZ ITZ MOP MOP MOP ITZ

61

u-meyaj u-meyaj meyaj meyaj uch-i u-meyaj

trabajo oficio, cargo trabajo oficio, cargo trabajo*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

meyaj.naj-i

trabajo*

[OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

======================================================================= GM *7aaq'uun TEK MAMt MAMt MAMo MAMo MAMo MAMc MAMc MAMi AWA IXL IXL

q-aaq'un t-aq'on t-aq'on aq'un-tl aq'antl t-aaq'un t-aaq'in t-aaq'in aq'uun-tl aaq'un aq'on aq'on

trabajo trabajo oficio, cargo trabajo trabajo* oficio, cargo trabajo oficio, cargo trabajo trabajo trabajo oficio, cargo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

TEK AWA IXL

ERG-aaq'u aq'uj kat aq'ovi

oficio, cargo trabajo* trabajo*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

TEK MAMt MAMc MAMi

ow+ aq'unan aq'unan ma tz-'aaq'nin ma aq'unaan

trabajo* trabajo* trabajo* trabajo*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

======================================================================= pCM *chak MCH TUZ

62

chak chaka:j

P or vi

terminarse, hacerse (e.g. techo) // 'quiere venir' [ERH] //

[TK67] [TK67-68]

MCH AWA IXL

chak-An txikl txakl e7l

aj

preparando parado parado

[TK67] [OKMA] [OKMA]

MCH

chak-ba'

vt

componer bien, arreglar todo //

[TK67]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pCM *chaak USP KCHn KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SIP SAK MCH KCH

chaak chaak chaak chaak chaak chaak chaak chaak chak cha:k-u' chak.u

vt vt

pCM *chaak.u-Vn USP xajkunk KCHn xchakunik KCHq xchakunik KCHc xchakunik KCHk xchakunik SIP xchuknik SAK xchukunek

trabajo trabajo trabajo oficio, cargo trabajo trabajo trabajo oficio, cargo trabajo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

adornar, vestir bien // trabajarlo

[TK67] [TK]

trabajo* trabajo* trabajo* trabajo* trabajo* trabajo* trabajo*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ENEMY GLL *naq YUK TZE

#no7col nak-umal

s s

enemigo // enemigo //

[m] [tk]

======================================================================= GK+GQ *k'ul QAN POP USP KCHn KCHq TZU KAQp KAQi

63

aj=k'ul tx'oq s-k'ul k'ulel k'uleel k'uleel k'uleel k'ulel k'ulel

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

enemigo enemigo enemigo enemigo enemigo enemigo enemigo enemigo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx WM+LL *nup YUK CHT CHJ QAN

#nup #nup-u nupan nup

aj v

WM *nuhp.a.Vn CHR CHL CHL TZE TOJ CHJ QAN

nup' nujpun nup' nuhpun nup-an nup-n maxnupayi

v aj v vi vi aj

vi

junto // juntar // par casarse // juntar // casarse // cerrar // casarse // casarse // casarse // se caso*

[m] [m] [OKMA]

[OKMA]

[more data is known that goes here] xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx BRIDGE pM *q'aH.. `bridge' QEQ q'a QEQe q'ah [vowel not long] GTz *k'aaj < *q'a7j or *q'ahj pCh *k'ah=te7 CHL k'aj=te7 TZO #coh TZE k'a7=te7 TOJ k'a7=te7 MCH q'a7j

64

s

s s s s s s1

MCH TUZ

q'a7j-u' ~: q'a7j

vt s

CHJ CHJ

k'a7w k'aw

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

puente puente //

[OKMA]

// bridge [K&N 245] puente // [tk] puente // puente // [tk] puente // palo travesado por ri*o, palo para travesar ri*o // [makeshift bridge across stream] [TK67] q'a7j-i' botar palo para pasar ri*o // [TK67] arroyo [ETR] // [TK67-68] puente // puente

[OKMA]

Hue *q'aajaq' ~ *q'aaja7 ~ *q'a7jaa7 QAN q'aja7 AKA q'aa7 POP q'aha7 POP itx q'aha7 TEK q'aajaq' AWA q'aa7 AWA q'a7 IXL q'aaq' IXL q'aa7 M *q'a7jVn < *q'aaja7n MAM q'aaj(in) MAMt q'a7njaa7 MAMt q'a7jaa7 MAMs q'a7ja(n) MAMo q'ajin MAMc q'a7njin MAMn q'a7jatz MAMi q'a7j Kp *q'a7aam USP USP KCH KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHq SIP SAK TZU KAQ KAQc KAQc KAQi KAQi PQMp PCH PCH KCHc

65

q'a7m q'a7m q'a7aam q'a7aam q'a7am q'a7m q'a7m q'a7m q'a7m q'a7m q'a7m q'a7n q'a7n (de madera) q'a7n q'a7n q'a7aab' q'a7aab' q'a7aab'

s s

s

s

s

s

q'ab' b'e

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

puente puente puente // puente puente puente puente // puente puente

[OKMA, tk] [OKMA,tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk]

puente // puente puente puente puente puente banco puente

[OKMA] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA]

escalera puente puente // escalera puente escalera puente puente puente puente puente // escalera puente escalera puente escalera escalera puente

[OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

puente

[OKMA]

======================================================================= pM? *paam, *tyee7 WASw te7=pa(a)m CHL pan=te7 TZE pam=te7

s + s s + s s + s

puente // puente // puente //

[tk]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ROAD pM *b'eeh WASw WASw YUK LAK ITZ ITZ ITZ MOP MOP EpM(Ch) pCh CHR CHR CHR CHR CHT CHL CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN QAN QAN AKA AKA

66

camino // road beel s bel.avi #be s b'eh, b'er s b'ej b'ej b'ej b'ej b'ej /b'ih/ < /b'iih/ *b'ih s b'i(j) s b'i7r b'i7r u-b'ijr-ar #bih-il s b'iy s b'ij s b'e s b'e s b'ej s b'e s b'e b'e b'e s b'e b'e b'e b'eh b'ee

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

camino // caminar // camino // camino // camino camino calle camino camino road // road camino // camino calle huella, rastro camino // camino // camino // camino // camino // camino // camino // camino camino camino // camino camino calle camino camino

[m] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 49] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

67

AKA POP POP POP TUZ TUZ

b'eh b'eh b'eh b'eh b'e:h b'eha7

TUZ TUZ TUZ TUZ TUZ TEK TEK MAM* MAMt MAMt MAMo MAMo MAMc MAMc MAMc MAMi MAMi AWA AWA AWA AWA IXL IXL IXL USP USP KCH KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHc KCHk KCHk

b'eh-e:l si7k b'eh.e-:n b'eh.e.sa7 b'eh.i7 NUMERAL + b'eha:l b'ey b'ey b'ee tojb'e tb'e b'e b'e b'e b'e b'e b'ee b'ee b'e7 b'ee7 b'ee b'ee7 b'ey b'ey b'ey b'e b'ee #be b'e b'e b'e b'ee b'e b'e b'e b'e

s s s vi caus vt

s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

calle [OKMA] camino // camino [OKMA] calle [OKMA] camino [ETR] // [TK67-68] arroyo; 'sale un poco de agua en algun ladero/cerro' [ETR] // [TK67-68] Camino de Fri*o [ETR] // the Milky Way [ETR] [TK67-68] caminar [ETR] // [TK67-68] hacerlo caminar [ERH] // [TK67-68] ser pasadero [ERH]; hacerlo su camino [ERH] // [TK67-68] // `nth time' [ERH] [TK67-68] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino // [tk] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] calle [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino // camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] calle [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] calle [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino // [gm] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA] camino [OKMA]

SIP SIP SAK SAK TZU TZU KAQ KAQp KAQp KAQc KAQc KAQi KAQi PQMp PQMp PQMj PCH PCH PCH QEQ QEQ QEQ QEQw QEQc&l QEQc&l QEQc&l QEQc&l

b'ey b'ey b'ey b'ey b'eey b'eey b'ey b'ey b'ey b'ey b'ey b'ey b'ey b'ee b'ee b'ie b'eh b'eeh b'eeh b'e b'e xb'e b'eh b'e:h b'ehek (x-)b'eh (li) r-ah (x-)b'e:h (li) r-a:l

POP

xb'elwi

s

s

s vi/sv

BIG ROAD = `street' CHJ niwan b'e USP nim b'e KCHc nim-a b'e KCHk nim-a b'e PQMj nim b'ie QEQ nim-la b'e MOP TEK KCHq

68

noj b'ej t-unin b'ey xo7l b'e

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

camino calle camino camino camino calle camino // camino calle camino calle camino calle camino calle camino camino // camino calle camino camino huella, rastro camino // calle, camino // caminar, andar // matriz // matriz //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

camino*

[OKMA]

calle calle calle calle calle calle

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

calle calle calle

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx RICH Yu #tz'uhl [areal] YUK tz'u:l ITZ tz'ul cf. XNK tz'uulhi

s2

gentleman, master rico, adinerado ladino

[vb] [OKMA]

======================================================================= CM *b'eh.oom TZE QAN QAN AKA POP KCH KCHq KCHc KCHk SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PCH PCH QEQ QEQw

69

b'eom b'eyom b'eyom b'eyom b'eum b'eyom b'eyoom b'eyoom b'eyoom b'ayom b'yoom b'eyom b'ayom b'eyom b'eyom b'ehom ~ b'ihom b'ihoom b'ihom b'ehom ~ b'ihom

s s s s

s

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

rico // rico // rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico // rico // rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico // rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico // rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico //

[tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

======================================================================= EM *q'iinoom TEK TEK MAM MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi AWA USP KCH KCHn

q'iinoom q'iinon q'iinum q'inon q'inun q'iinin q'iinan q'inum q'i*nima q'ino(o)m q'inoom

s s

s s

rico // rich rico, adinerado rico // rich rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico, adinerado rico // rich rico, adinerado rico // rich rico, adinerado

[tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [a] [OKMA] [OKMA]

======================================================================= pYu #7ayik'aal ITZ ayik'al MOP ayik'al

70

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

rico, adinerado rico, adinerado

[OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx WALK, GO Hue *b'eh.r CHJ ix b'eyi7 camino* CHJ ix b'eyi viajo* CHJ ix+ b'ey ek'-i viajo* QAN b'ey vi irse // QAN maxb'eyi camino* AKA xb'eyi camino* AKA xb'eti viajo* POP b'ey vi irse // TEK ob'eet camino* TEK nb'etjee7 vago* MAM* b'eet vi irse // MAMt nb'eet camino* MAMo b'eet camino* MAMo xhb'etlaj vago* MAMc ma b'eet camino* MAMi ma7 b'eet camino* MAMi ma7 b'eetaj vago* MAMi ma b'eet-x viajo* MAMi ma b'eet viajo* pM *b'ihn < *b'eh.i.n YUK b'iHn YUK b'in TUZ b'eh.e-:n TUZ b'eh.e.sa7 TUZ b'eh.i7 USP xb'enk KCH //b'ihn// KCHn xb'inik KCHq xb'inlob'ik KCHq xb'inik KCHc xb'inik KCHk xb'inik SIP xb'iinik SIP xb'inik SAK xb'inek TZU xb'ini TZU b'ijn QEQc&l b'ehek

71

aux vi vi caus vt vi

vi vi/sv

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

future auxiliary [vb] to go [vb] caminar [ETR] // [TK67-68] hacerlo caminar [ERH] // [TK67-68] ser pasadero [ERH]; hacerlo su camino [ERH] // [TK67-68] camino* [OKMA] caminar [tk] camino* [OKMA] viajo* [OKMA] camino* [OKMA] camino* [OKMA] camino* [OKMA] camino* [OKMA] viajo* [OKMA] camino* [OKMA] camino* [OKMA] caminar, andar [jd] caminar, andar // [TK71]

pM *b'eh.i.n ITZ ITZ MOP MOP MOP TUZ TUZ TUZ AWA KAQp KAQc KAQi QEQc&l

b'ini b'ini b'ini b'ini7 tu sut b'ini b'eh.e-:n b'eh.e.sa7 b'eh.i7 b'en xb'iyin xb'yi"n xb'eyin b'ehek

pGK *b'eh USP KCHn KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SAK SAK TZU TZU KAQp KAQc KAQc KAQi KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH QEQ QEQc&l

xek' xb'eek xb'e7ik xb'eek xb'ek xe7ek xe7ek xb'ek xb'ek xb'e xb'e xb'e xb'e xb'e xb'e xb'e xb'eja ihb'ehi xb'ehik xb'eek b'ehek

KAQp PCH QEQ

72

vi/sv

se fue [OKMA] viajo* [OKMA] se fue [OKMA] viajo* [OKMA] viajo* [OKMA] caminar [ETR] // [TK67-68] hacerlo caminar [ERH] // [TK67-68] ser pasadero [ERH]; hacerlo su camino [ERH] // [TK67-68] irse // camino* [OKMA] camino* [OKMA] camino* [OKMA] caminar, andar // [TK71]

vi/sv

se fue se fue viajo* viajo* se fue se fue se fue se fue viajo* se fue viajo* se fue se fue viajo* se fue viajo* camino* camino* camino* camino* caminar, andar //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

lo guio*, lo condujo lo guio*, lo condujo lo guio*, lo condujo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

vi caus vt vi

xub'inisaj xib'ehsaj xb'eresi

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

======================================================================= Chis *b'aht TZO TZE TOJ TOJ CHJ TUZ TUZ

b'ah b'ah(t) b'at b'ajt ix b'ati b'atanh na7a b'atanh.laq

vi vi vt vi s1a

irse // irse // pisar // brincar // se fue primera vez [ERH] // mai*z adelantado [ERH] //

[tk] [tk] [OKMA] [TK67-68] [TK67-68]

======================================================================= EM+ *7oonh [1] MCH onh, oonh MCH 7onh TUZ ch+ 7onh TUZ ch-o:nh TUZ 7onh TUZ TUZ KCH PCH QEQw

7onh.sa7 7onh AUX #oh o(o)j o(o)h

vi irse // [tk] I2 ir // [TK67] "directional" [ERH] // [TK67-68] "directional" [ERH] // [TK67-68] vi (no -i) irse [ETR]; bajarse [sol, luna] // go (away) (to) [ETR]; to go down [sun, moon] [TK67-68] dejar ir [ERH] // [TK67-68] aux ir a VERBar [ERH] // to go in order to VERB [ERH] [TK67-68] vi (def) irse // vi irse // vi irse //

MCH

7onh-sa'

caus

corretear //

[TK67]

cf. CM *7oonh.eer ======================================================================= GM *7aaj TEK AWA

73

ow+ aaj ja aaj

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

se fue se fue

[OKMA] [OKMA]

======================================================================= Qp *toh QAN QAN QAN AKA AKA POP POP

maxtoji maxtoji maxtoji xtooy xtooy xtoyi xtoyi

se fue viajo* viajo* se fue viajo* se fue viajo*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

======================================================================= EM+ *xi7 MCH MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi SIP

xi' txi txi7 ma txi7 txi7 b'e7x xi7 ma txi7 xek

I2

ir se se se se se

y regresar // fue fue fue fue fue

[TK67] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

======================================================================= POQ *xi7 + *7onh PQMp xoo PQMj xuah PCH xooj

74

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

se fue se fue se fue

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx TOWN CM *7aamaaq' TZE MCH MCH MCH TUZ TEK MAM MAMi KCH KAQc QEQw

amak' aamaq' (?) 7a:maq' t+ 7a:maq' 7amaq' amaaq' #amak aamaq' amaaq' amaq' amaq'

TEK

nin amaaq'

s s s1a s1a s s s

patio // pueblo // town patio // afuera // // front yard [ETR] pai*s, pueblo pueblo, ciudad // ladino(a) pueblo // town extranjero, forastero, desconocido pueblo // town

[tk] [tk] [TK67] [TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [r] [OKMA]

ciudad

[OKMA]

[OKMA]

======================================================================= pYu *kaaj ITZ MOP ITZ MOP

kaj kaj

pai*s, pueblo pai*s, pueblo

[OKMA] [OKMA]

nojoch kaj noxi' kaj

ciudad ciudad

[OKMA] [OKMA]

======================================================================= GTz *tehk=lu7m CHL tejk=lum TZO tek=lum TZE tehk=lum

75

cn + s cn + s cn + s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pueblos ("tierra parada") // pueblos ("tierra parada" // pueblos ("tierra parada") //

[tk] [tk]

======================================================================= Hue #tenam [from Nawa] CHJ tenam QAN tenam MAMo tnam MAMo tnam MAMc tnam AWA tnum AWA tnum IXL tenam MAMt MAMt MAMc MAMi MAMi IXL

76

nin tnam ma nin tnam nim tnam nitz tnam tuj tnam nim-la tenam

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pen*a pen*a ciudad pai*s, pueblo ciudad ciudad pai*s, pueblo pai*s, pueblo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

ciudad pai*s, pueblo pai*s, pueblo ciudad pai*s, pueblo ciudad

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

GK *tinaamit [from Nawa] USP tinmit USP tinmit KCHq tinamit KCHc tinamit KCHc tinamit KCHk tinamit KCHk timanit SIP tinmit SIP tinmit SAK tinimit TZU tinamit TZUp tina:mit KAQp tinamit KAQp tinamit KAQc tinamit KAQi tinamit KAQi tinamit PQMp tinimit PQMp tinimit PQMj tinamit PCH tinamit PCH tinamit QEQ tenamit QEQcah tinamit QEQlan sa7 x-hih tenamit QEQlan tenamit KCHn KCHn KCHq SAK TZU KAQc PQMj QEQ

77

nim-a tinamit nim-alaj tinamit nim tinamit nem tinimit nim-alaj tinamit nim-a tinami"t nim tinamit nim-la tenamit

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

ciudad pai*s, ciudad ciudad pai*s, ciudad pai*s, ciudad pai*s, ciudad pai*s, pueblo ciudad pai*s, pai*s, pai*s, ciudad ciudad pai*s, pai*s, ciudad pai*s, ciudad pueblo centro pueblo ciudad pai*s, pai*s, pai*s, ciudad ciudad ciudad pai*s,

pueblo pueblo pueblo pueblo pueblo pueblo pueblo pueblo pueblo pueblo pueblo // de pueblo // // pueblo pueblo pueblo

pueblo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx JEALOUSY pM? *pa7ich TZO TZE WASw WASw WASw

pa7ich pa7ich

s s

celos // celos //

paytx.iy pa7ix.n.om pa7ix.na7

v aj vt

cometer adulterio // celoso // tener celos //

[tk] [tk]

======================================================================= pWM *sawin pCh MCH QEQcah QEQlan MCH TUZ TUZ

*s@win sawin aj sawin aj sowin

s s1b

// jealousy, envy celo(s) // celoso // celoso //

[K&N 456] [TK67] [TK71] [TK71]

sawin-a' sawin.ani7 sawin.o:m

vt vt

celar, estar celoso // tener celos [ETR] // celoso [ETR] //

[TK67] [TK67-68] [TK67-68]

======================================================================= GM *x=k'aaqli MAMo MAMc AWA

78

ma txk'aqli ma xky'aaqlin xky'aaqlej

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

lo celo* lo celo* lo celo*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CHILD EpM(Ch) /7ahk'ab'/ ak'ab' #acab aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'a7 7aaq'a7 aq'a7 aq'a7

s

s s

s

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

noche // de noche noche noche oscuro night, darkness noche // noche // madrugada temprano por la man*ana noche // temprano temprano (por la man*ana) por la man*ana noche madrugada temprano (por la man*ana) por la man*ana noche noche // noche // noche

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [m] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA]

449

KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQ

aq'a7 aq'a7 aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aq'ab' aak'ab' [from Ch'olan] aak'ab' [from Ch'olan]

noche noche noche noche noche noche // oscuro noche //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

MOP KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHk KCHk SIP SIP SAK SAK SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PCH

ti ak'a"' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ ag'ab' ch+ ag'ab' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'a7 chi+ aq'a7 chi+ aq'a7 chi+ aq'a7 ch+ aq'ab' ch+ aq'ab'

de noche noche de noche noche de noche de noche noche de noche noche de noche noche de noche anochecer de noche de noche de noche de noche de noche de noche

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

USP USP

l+ aq'ab' l+ aq'ab'

noche de noche

[OKMA] [OKMA]

PQMj

pan+ aq'ab'

de noche

[OKMA]

ITZ MOP USP KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP

jun=p'e 7ak'a"' jun=p'e ak'a"' jun aq'ab' jun aq'ab' jun aq'ab' jun aq'ab' jun ag'ab' jun aq'ab'

una una una una una una una una

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

noche noche noche noche noche noche noche noche

[OKMA] [sd]

SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH

jun aq'ab' jun aq'a7 jun aq'a"' jun aq'a7 jun aq'a7 janaj aq'ab' jinaj aq'ab' jinaj aq'ab'

WM+LL *7aq'b'.aal pCh *7@k'b'.@l CHR akb'ar CHR akb'.ar CHR a7kb'are CHR ak'b'.ar CHL ab'-@l-ej, ak'-@l-el TZO ak'ub'.al TZE ahk'ab'.al TOJ a7kwal CHJ ak'wal, a7wal POP ch'ay aq'b'al POP aq'b'al MCH 7aq'b.a:l MCH t+ 7aq'b'-a:l TUZ 7aq'b'a:l AWA aq'b'aal AWA aq'b.al IXL aq'b'al IXL tu aq'b'.al

450

una una una una una una una una s

s s s s s s s s s s

noche noche noche noche noche noche noche noche

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

// night noche de noche anochecer noche // noche // noche // noche // noche // noche // anochecer noche // noche // por la noche // noche [ETR] // noche noche // noche de noche

[K&N 14a] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [tk67] [TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [a] [OKMA] [OKMA]

AWA

l+ aq'b'.aal

de noche

[OKMA]

CHR CHJ QAN AWA IXL

in=te7 akb'ar jun ak'wal jun aq'wal juun aq'b'aal ma7l aq'b'al

una una una una una

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

noche noche noche noche noche

EM+ *7aq'(a)b'.iil LAK ak'b.ir MAM #akb.il MAMi aq'b'il KCHn aq'ab'iil KCHn aq'ab'iil KCHn aq'ab'iil KCHn aq'ab'iil KCHn ch+ aq'ab'iil TZU aq'ab'iil TEK MAMt MAMi

s s

jun aq'b'iil jun aq'b'il jun aq'b'il

GQ *7aq'b'.al.iil QAN aq'walil AKA aq'b'alil POP aq'b'alil POP aq'b'.al.il ak'walil ak'w.al.il aq'w.al.il aq'b'.al.il

[r] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

una noche una noche una noche

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

noche noche noche de noche

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

noche de noche de noche de noche

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

CHJ CHJ QAN AKA

t'+ t'+ yet yet

AKA POP

jun aq'b'alil hun-e7 aq'b'alil

una noche una noche

[OKMA] [OKMA]

TZU

takw aq'a7

anochecer

[OKMA]

anoche // anoche // ayer ayer // ayer // anoche // anoche //

[m]

GLL *7ahq'ab'.eer YUK #akbe CHR ak'b'i(j) CHR akb'i CHT #acb-ihi CHL ak'b'i(j) TZO ak'ub-e TZE ahk'ab-ey

451

noche // noche // noche temprano temprano (por la man*ana) por la man*ana madrugada anochecer por la man*ana

pt pt pt pt pt pt

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[OKMA] [m]

========================================================================== "BIG NIGHT" = `dawn'; Kp *nim aq'ab' KCHq nimaq'ab' KAQp nimaq'a7 KAQp nimaq'a7 KAQc nimaq'a7 KAQi nimaq'a7 KAQi KAQi

jukumaj nimaq'a7 jukumaj nimaq'a7

madrugada temprano (por la man*ana) por la man*ana por la man*ana por la man*ana

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

madrugada temprano (por la man*ana)

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= Kp "ENTER NIGHT" *7ook 7aHq'ab' KCHc r-ok.i.b'.al aq'ab' KCHk r-ok'.i.b'.al ag'ab'

452

anochecer anochecer

[OKMA] [OKMA]

KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp

x+ x+ x+ x+

ok aq'a7 oq'a7 ok aq'a7 ok-a aq'ab'

anochecer anochecer anochecer anochecer

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

SIP SIP PQMj PCH

r-ok.ik aq'ab' r-ok.ik aq'ab' pa r-ok.i aq'ab' r-ok.iik i aq'ab'

anochecer atardecer anochecer anochecer

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

========================================================================= GM *qoniiky'an TEK TEK MAMt MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMc MAMi

qunik'an qunik'an qnik'yan qniiky'aan qonik'an qniiky'in qniiky'in qoniiky'an

de noche noche de noche noche noche de noche noche de noche

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

MAMo

te qonik'an

de noche

[OKMA]

MAMo MAMc QEQ

jun qonik'an jun qniiky'in jun q'ojyink

una noche una noche una noche

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx EARLY pM *sajb' WASw WASc TZO TZE TOJ POP POP POP TUZ

453

thaju thajaw sob' sahb' saj (sic) sab' ~ sahab' sahab' sahab' sajab'

adv adv adv adv adv adv

temprano // temprano // temprano // temprano // temprano // temprano // temprano temprano (llegar antes de...) aj (adv?) temprano [ETR] //

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67-68]

WM+LL *sehb' ITZ MOP pCh CHL CHL CHJ QAN AKA IXL IXL QEQ QEQc&l QEQc&l QEQc&l QEQcah

cf.

adv s adv adv

vi

ra*pido listo // swiftly, hurriedly luz // temprano // temprano // liviano (no muy pesado) madrugada temprano temprano (llegar antes de...) liviano (no muy pesado) liviano // tener prisa, apurarse // listo, inteligente // mano derecha //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 457]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

ITZ AKA AKA IXL

ach sep' uk'ab' seb' to x+ uleb' naj seb' tawaal ye7 seb'

listo temprano (llegar antes de...) liviano (no muy pesado) tarde

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

ITZ MOP IXL QEQ WASc

seep'aji useb'taj ub'ajil iseb'a tib' x+ seeb'a-n thub.ey

vi

se apuro*, se se apuro*, se se apuro*, se se apuro*, se apurarse //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

thub.ey suj

vi vt

apurarse // apurar, exigir //

Was+WM *suC WASc TZE

454

sep' seeb' *sehb' sejb' seb' seb'.ji seb' seb' seb' seb' seeb' sehb' sehb'ank sehb' ERG-jolom sehb'al

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

dio* dio* dio* dio*

prisa prisa prisa prisa

[tk]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx YEAR pM *ha7b' `year' [+ TK 1978 11b.a] YUK ha7b' /h/ (m) YUK ha7b' /h/ (m) ITZ jab' MOP jaab' EpM /ha7b'/ pCh *hab' CHR jab' CHR jab' CHT #hab CHL jab'(il) TUZ hab'il AWA yob' IXL yaab' PQMp jaab' PQMj haab' PCH haab' PCH haab' QEQ hab' QEQc&l ha:b' QEQ QEQw

455

chi+ hab' chi+ hab'

s s

s s s s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

an*o // an*o // an*o an*o year // year an*o // an*o an*o // an*o // an*o [ETR] // an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o // an*o an*o an*o // an*o an*o //

[mq] [mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 142] [OKMA] [m] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [OKMA]

WM+LL *ha7b'.il YUK #hhabil /h/ CHL jab'(il) TZO hab'-il TZE hab'-il TOJ jab'il CHJ hab'il CHJ hab'il QAN ab'il AKA aab'il POP hab'il POP hab'il MCH jab'il TUZ hab'il QEQc&l ha:b' QAN

hun=ab'il

Mp *7ab'=qii < *hab'=... TEK aq'b'i MAMt ab'q'i MAMs ab'=q'ii MAMo ab'q'i MAMc ab'q'i MAMi ab'q'ii QEQc&l ha:b'

456

s s s s s s

s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o

// // // // // //

//

//

[m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [tk] [TK71]

an*o // an*o an*o an*o // an*o an*o an*o an*o //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

Kp+ *jun=(h)a7b' QEQlan junab'er MCH jun=a7b' AWA jun=yab' USP jun=ab' KCH jun=aab' KCHn jun=aab' KCHq jun=aab' KCHc jun=ab' KCHk jun=ab' SIP jn=ob' SAK jun=ab' TZU jun=aa7 KAQ jun=a7 KAQp jun=a7 KAQc jun=a7 KAQi jun=a7

457

s s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

el ano pasado // el otro an*o // an*o // an*o an*o // an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o an*o // an*o an*o an*o

[TK71] [TK67] [a] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx SUN pM *k'uuh YUK LAK EpM(Yu) pCh CHT TZO CHJ CHJ QAN QAN QAN QAN QAN QAN AKA POP POP POP TUZ TUZ TUZ TUZ QEQ

458

s #ku k'u:j tz'i7 tz'i7 #tzi tz'i7 tz'i7 tz'i7 tz'i7 tz'i7 tx'i7 tx'i7 tx'i7 tx'i7 tx'i7 #ch'i ch'i7 ch'i7 [1] ch'i7 [2] tx'i7 tx'i7 tz'i7 tz'i7 tz'ii7 tz'i7 tz'i7

/tz'i7/ s s s s s s s s s s1a s 1 aj s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

dog perro, chucho // perro [OKMA] perro, chucho // [m] perro, chucho // [tk] perro, chucho // [tk] perro, chucho // perro, chucho // perro [OKMA] perro, chucho // perro [OKMA] perro [OKMA] perro, chucho // perro [OKMA] perro, chucho // [st] perro // [TK67] perro [ETR] // [TK67-68] necio [ETR] // (pesterer -- with hostility, arrogance) [ETR] [TK67-68] perro, chucho // perro [OKMA] perro [OKMA] perro, chucho // [tk] perro [OKMA] perro [OKMA] perro [OKMA]

KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQ QEQ

tz'i7 tz'i7 tz'e7 tz'i7 tz'i"7 tz'e"' tz'e7 tz'i7 tz'e7 tz'e7 tz'i7 tz'i7 tz'i7 tz'i7 tz'i7

Mp *tx'i7an < **tz'i7 TEK tx'ya7n MAM tx'iyan MAMt tx'yan MAMo tx'yen MAMc tx'yan MAMi tx'iyaan

s

s s

s

perro perro perro perro perro, perro perro perro perro perro perro, perro perro, perro perro,

chucho //

chucho // chucho // chucho //

perro perro, chucho // perro perro perro perro

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= [from Sapoteko WASw YUK LAK ITZ MOP MOP

574

*pe7kku (in turn from Mije-Sokean *7uku)] pik'o7, piikw'-al s perro peek' s perro pek' s perro pek' perro pek' s perro pek' perro

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

// // // //

[mq] [xx] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx SKUNK GM *x=chi7wal TEK TEK MAMi MAMi AWA AWA

xi7wl xhi7wl xhi7wal xhi7wal xhi7wl xhi7wl

zorrillo (zorro) zorra zorrillo (zorro) zorra zorrillo (zorro) zorra

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

MAMt

xhiwlin

zorra

[OKMA]

========================================================================= pM *pahar YUK ITZ MOP pCh CHR CHR CHR CHT CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN QAN AKA POP POP POP USP KCH KCHn KCHn

575

s paay (sic) pay pa7ay *pah@y pa7ay pa7y pa7y #pahai pah@y poy pahay pa7ay pay pay pa7i pay pay pay pey pay pay pay par paar paar paar

zorrillo // skunk

s s s s s s s s s s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo // skunk zorrillo zorrillo zorra zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorra zorrillo zorrillo zorra zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorra zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorra

// (zorro) (zorro) // (zorro) // // // // // // (zorro) // (zorro) (zorro) // (zorro) (zorro) // (zorro)

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 382] [mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA]

576

KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHk TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQc KAQi KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQw QEQc&l QEQc&l

paar paar paar paar paar par par par par par par paar pahar pahar pahar paar pahr pahr

KCHc QEQ

kot-a paar paar xul

s

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

zorrillo zorra zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorra zorrillo zorra zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo zorrillo

(zorro) (zorro) (zorro) (zorro) // (zorro) (zorro) (zorro) (zorro) (zorro) // (zorro) // // //

zorra zorrillo (zorro)

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx POSSUM pM *huhty' WASw IXL IXL USP KCH KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU TZU TZU KAQ KAQp KAQi QEQ

`possum' [+ TK 1978 13.15] 7uut' uch' ju7ch' wuuch' (w)uuch' uuch' uuch' wuuch' wuuch' wuuch' wuuch' uuch' och' wujch' wuuch' wuuch' wuch' wuch' wuch' #aj=u7ch

s s s

s s s

tlacuache // tlacuache // tacuazin tacuazin tlacuache // tacuazin mapache tacuazin mapache tacuazin tacuazin tacuazin tacuazin tlacuache // tacuazin puercoespin tlacuache // tacuazin tacuazin tlacuache //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [st]

========================================================================= WM+LL *7uch YUK LAK MOP pCh CHR TZO TZE MCH MCH TUZ QEQ QEQc&l QEQc&l

577

ooch och och *7uch aj=b'uch uch uch #uch 7u7ch ~ 77u7ch 7u7ch uch 7aj=7uch k'ix uch

s s s s s s s1 s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

tlacuache // possum zorro // tacuazin // opposum tacuazin tlacuache // possum tlacuache // possum tlacuache // possum t[l]acuach[e] // [TK67] tacuache [ETR] // tacuazin tacuazi*n // cuerpo espina //

[mq] [OKMA] [K&N 592] [OKMA] [tk] [tk] [st] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71]

WM *7uhchum TZE TOJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP POP cf. GM *7ajaaw

7uhchum 7ujchum 7uchum 7utxum 7utxum 7utxum 7utxum 7utxum

s s s s s

tlacuache tlacuache tlacuache tlacuache tacuazin tacuazin tlacuache tacuazin

// // // //

possum possum possum possum

// possum

[tk]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

`possum' PORCUPINE, STICKER BEAR

GK "THORN POSSUM" = `sticker bear, porkypine'; Kp *ki7x-a huhty' USP k'ix wuuch' puercoespin KCHq k'ix wuuch' puercoespin KCHc k'ix-a wuuch' puercoespin KCHk k'ix-a wuuch' puercoespin KAQc k'ix-a wuch' puercoespin KAQi k'ix-a wuch' puercoespin cf. WASw k'ith 7uut' ss puerco espi*n ("tlacuache espinudo") //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= GLL+ *k'i7x 7uch CHL ch'ix uch TZE ch'ix uch QEQ k'ix 7uch QEQc&l k'ix uch WM+GLL *k'i7x 7uhchum TZE ch'ix uhchum CHJ k'ix uchum CHJ k'ik uchum QAN k'ix utxum AKA k'ix utxum POP tx'ix utxum POP tx'ix utxum MAMi AWA

578

ss ss

puerco espi*n ("tlacuache espinudo") // puerco espi*n ("tlacuache espinudo") // puercoespin cuerpo espina //

ss ss

puerco espi*n puerco espi*n puercoespin puerco espi*n puercoespin puerco espi*n puercoespin

ss ss

ch'i7x xh=ja7w tx'ix ajaaw

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

puercoespin puercoespin

("tlacuache espinudo") // ("tlacuache espinudo") // ("tlacuache espinudo") // ("tlacuache espinudo") //

[tk] [OKMA] [TK71] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx SQUIRREL pM *ku7k YUK ITZ MOP pCh CHR CHR CHT CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP POP MCH MCH TUZ TEK MAM MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi AWA AWA IXL USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK

579

ku7k ku7uk ku7uk *chuch chuch chuch #chuch chuch chuch chuch chu7 ku7k [diffused] ku7uk kuk kuk kuuk kuk kuk #cuc ku7k ku7k ku7k ku7k kuk ku7k ku7k ku7k ku7k ku7k ku7k kuk kuuk kuuk kuuk kuuk kuuk kuk kuk

s s s s s s s s s s s s s1 s s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

ardilla // ardilla ardilla // squirrel ardilla // ardilla ardilla // ardilla // ardilla // ardilla // ardilla // ardilla // ardilla ardilla // ardilla ardilla ardilla // ardilla ardilla // ardilla grande gris // ardilla [ETR] // ardilla ardilla // ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla // ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla // ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 98] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [st] [TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [a] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l

kuuk kuk kuk kuk kuk kuuk kuuk kuuk kuuk kuk kuk ku:k

s

s s

ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla ardilla

//

// // //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx COATI GTz *kohtom [from Totonako] CHL kojtom TZO kotom TZE kohtom QEQcah koht i si:s QEQlan aj koht i sis

s s s

tejo*n, pizote // coati tejo*n, pizote // coati tejo*n, pizote // coati andasolo // andasolo //

[tk] [tk] [TK71] [TK71]

========================================================================= GK+ *siis IXL USP USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi QEQw QEQc&l QEQcah QEQlan

580

siis sis siis #ziz siis siis siis siis siis sis sis sis sis si:s koht i si:s aj=koht i sis

s s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pizote tejo*n, pizote // ruesselbaer pizote tejo*n, pizote // ruesselbaer pizote pizote pizote pizote pizote pizote pizote pizote tejo*n, pizote // ruesselbaer pizote // andasolo // andasolo //

[OKMA] [st] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [xx] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

========================================================================= Hue *tz'utz' EpM /tz'utz'/ [implausible: not found in Y or Ch] CHJ tz'utz QAN tz'utz' QAN tz'utz' POP tz'utz' POP tz'utz' MCH tz'utz' MCH tz'utz' TUZ tz'utz' MAM tz'utz' MAMt tz'utz' MAMo tz'utz' AWA tz'utz' CHR

coati s s s s1a s1a s s

paj=tz'utz'

pizote tejo*n, pizote // coati pizote tejo*n, pizote // coati pizote tejo*n, pizote // coati pizote, andasolo (coati), tejo*n // pizote [ETR] [ERH] // tejo*n, pizote // coati pizote pizote tejo*n, pizote // coati

[OKMA]

pizote

[OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [TK67] [TK67-68] [a] [OKMA] [OKMA] [a]

========================================================================= pYu *chi7k ITZ ITZ MOP EpM

581

[from proto-Mije-Sokean *tziku] chi7ik chi7ik chi7ik

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pizote tejo*n pizote

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx COUGAR pM *koj WASw YUK LAK ITZ MOP MOP pCh CHR CHT TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN MAMi USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH

txooj koj kaj koj koj koj *choj cho(j) #choh choj choj choj choj choj koj koj koj koj koj koj kooj koj koj koj tsooj koj ko"j koj koj kojl #coj

PQ "RED COUGAR" PCH kaq QEQ kaq QEQw kaq QEQc&l kaq

582

koj koj koj kojl

s s s s s s s s s s s s

s

s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

leo*n // cougar //j// (m) leo*n // cougar leo*n leo*n // cougar leo*n // cougar leo*n // cougar leo*n // cougar leo*n // cougar leo*n // cougar leo*n // cougar leo*n // cougar leo*n leo*n // cougar leo*n leo*n leo*n leo*n // cougar leo*n leo*n leo*n leo*n leo*n leo*n // cougar leo*n leo*n leo*n leo*n leo*n leo*n // cougar leo*n leo*n leo*n // cougar le*on //

leo*n // cougar

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 92] [m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [st] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx DEER pM *kehj YUK LAK ITZ MOP MOP EpM(Yu) EpM(Ch) pCh CHR CHR CHR CHR CHT TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN QAN AKA POP MCH MCH TEK MAM* MAMt MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi MAMi AWA AWA IXL USP KCH

583

ke*j kej kej kej ke7ej /kehj/ ?/chiij/ *chij chi(j) chij chij chij #chiic chij chij chej chej chej chej chej chej cheh cheh #quej ke:j cheej kyeej kyej cheej cheej cheej cheej cheej cheej cheej chee keej keej

s s s

s s

s s s s s s

s s1 s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

venado // grande venado // venado venado // venado deer deer // deer venado // caballo burro mula venado // venado // venado // venado, carnero // venado // caballo venado // caballo mula caballo caballo venado // venado, ciervo // venado caballo // venado caballo caballo caballo caballo mula venado // caballo venado venado venado //

[xx] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 84] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [st] [TK67] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk]

KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l

keej keej keej keej kej keej kej kej kej kej kej keej kiej kej keej kej kej ke:j

caballo caballo venado venado caballo caballo venado // caballo caballo venado caballo caballo venado venado // venado venado venado // venado //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

QAN QAN POP POP MAMi SAK

sk'ultaqil chej yal chej sajh=cheh saq cheh tal saq cheej mam kej

venado burro venado // venado burro caballo

[OKMA] [OKMA]

QEQc&l

he: ke:j

una paja del monte (cola de venado) //

[TK71]

QEQcah QEQlan

much ke:j moch ke:j

calambre // calambre //

[TK71] [TK71]

mula mula mula

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

s

s s

s

[post-contact neologism] KCHn kow-ilaj keej KCHq kow-ilaj keej PQMp kow-laj keej

584

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= EM *keej.e [a post-contact neologism, unless deer were ridden] MAMi ma jax tcheejan lo monto* USP xajkejej lo monto* KCHq xukejeej lo monto* SIP xkjej lo monto* SAK xekejej lo monto* KCHn

xukejeb'eej

lo monto*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= GREEN DEER Kp *ra7x kehj TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi

rax rax rax rax

keej kej kej kej

calambre calambre calambre calambre

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= EM *X + *kehj "X deer" = `cramp' USP chu=keej KCHn cho7=kej KCHq cho7=kij KCHc chu=keej KCHk chu=kej

585

calambre calambre calambre calambre calambre

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

QEQcah QEQlan

much ke:j moch ke:j

calambre // calambre //

[TK71] [TK71]

MAMo MAMc QEQ

saqlan chej xkyaqlin cheej moch=kej

calambre calambre calambre

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

========================================================================= EM+ #masaat [from Nawa masa:-tl] CHR masa7 MAMo masaat MAMc misaat MAMi masaat AWA masaat KCHn masaat KCHq masaat SIP musat SAK masat TZU masaat KAQp masat KAQc masat KAQi masat PQMp masat

venado venado venado venado venado venado venado venado venado venado venado venado venado venado

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx EM+GQ *mee7 [post-contact neologism, sound symbolic] QAN me QAN me7 AKA me7 AKA me7 PQMp mee7 PQMp mee7 PQMp mee7 PCH mee7 PCH mee7

586

MCH

me:7-u'

vt

TUZ TUZ

me7.u7 me7.u-:n

vt vi

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

carnero oveja, borrego carnero oveja, borrego carnero chivo, cabro oveja, borrego carnero oveja, borrego

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

gritar para borrego/carnero // [to call sheep] llamar carneros [ETR] // // to bleat (sheep) [ETR]

[TK67] [TK67-68] [TK67-68]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx AGOUTI pM *ha(h)laaw WASw YUK LAK ITZ MOP MOP CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN POP TUZ IXL KCHq KCHc PQMp PCH QEQ QEQw QEQcah QEQlan

s 7olom jaaleb' jarew jale jaale jalej jalaw holow halaw jalaw halaw halaw halaw halaw hala:w alav alaw jalaw hahlaaw hahlaw halaw halaw hahlaw halaw

tepezcuintle // agouti s s s s s s s s s s s

s s

puerco // tepezcuintle // tepezcuintle // tepescuintle tepezcuintle // tepescuintle tepezcuintle // tepezcuintle // tepezcuintle // cierto animal // tepezcuintle // tepescuintle tepezcuintle // tepescuintle tepescuint[l]e [ETR] [ERH] // tepescuintle tepescuintle tepescuintle tepescuintle tepezcuintle // tepescuintle tepezcuintle // tepescuintle // tepescuintle //

QEQlan QEQcah

halawte7 hahlawte7

palmera: se come // palmera: se come //

QEQcah

raxa hahlaw

pitorreal //

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx MOUSE, RAT pM *ch'o7h YUK LAK ITZ ITZ

587

ch'o7 ch'o7 ch'o7 ch'o7

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

rata, rato*n // rata, rato*n // rata rato*n

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA]

MOP MOP MOP CHR TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN QAN AKA AKA POP POP POP pKo TUZ AWA USP USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHc KCHk KCHk SIP SIP SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQp KAQc KAQi KAQi PQMp

588

ch'o7o7 ch'o7oj ch'o7oj ch'o7k ch'o ch'o ch'o7(j) ch'o7w ch'ow ch'ow tx'ow tx'ow tx'ow tx'oow tx'oow tx'ow tx'ow tx'ow ch'oohon ch'ohon ch'ooy ch'oo ch'oo ch'oo ch'o ch'o ch'o ch'oo ch'oo ch'o ch'o ch'oy ch'oy ch'oy ch'ooy ch'oy ch'oy ch'oy ch'oy ch'oy ch'oy ch'oh

s

s s s s s

s s s1a

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

rata, rato*n // rata rato*n rata rata, rato*n // rata, rato*n // rata, rato*n // rata, rato*n // rata rato*n rata, rato*n // rata rato*n rata rato*n rata, rato*n // rata rato*n rata, rato*n // rata [ETR] // rato*n rata rato*n rata, rato*n // rata rata rato*n rata rato*n rata rato*n rata rato*n rata rato*n rata, rato*n // rata rato*n rato*n rata rato*n rato*n

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

PQMj PQMj PCH PCH PCH QEQ QEQ QEQw QEQc&l

ch'ua ch'ua ch'ooh ch'oo ch'oo ch'o ch'o ch'oh ch'o:h

rata rato*n rata, rato*n // rata rato*n rata rato*n rata, rato*n // rata //

[OKMA] [OKMA]

pCh CHR

*ch'ohok ch'o7ok

s s

// mouse rata, rato*n //

[K&N 121]

pKo

ch'oohon

s

rata, rato*n //

[tk]

CHR SAK TZU KAQc

tz'uykin ch'o7k ch'ite7n ch'oy ixoq ch'ooy umu"l ch'oy

rato*n rato*n rata rata

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

QEQc&l

ch'oh=ix

gato de monte //

s

s

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

[TK71]

========================================================================= GM *7itx' TEK TEK MAMt MAMc MAMi MAMi MAMt MAMo MAMo MAMc AWA

589

itx' itx' itx' iich' ich' ich'

rata rato*n rata rato*n rata rato*n

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

tal itx' ttxuiich' tman ich' xya7n iich' iitx'ij

rato*n rata rato*n rata rata

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx RABBIT GQ *chich TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP

chich chich chich txitx txitx txitx txitx

s s s

conejo // conejo // conejo conejo // conejo conejo conejo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= GM *xh=chik < **x=tik TEK xik MAMt xhiky MAMo xhik MAMc xhiky MAMi xhiky

590

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= EM *7imul AWA AWA IXL USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQcah cf. YUK

un-mul umul umul imul imul imul imul imul umul imul imul umul imul umu"l umul imul imul imul imul imul imul imul #muy

s

s

s s s

conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo conejo

//

//

// // // //

[a] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [m]

========================================================================= GLL *t'u7l (pM *t'ul) `rabbit' [TK 1978 14.15] (Classic Mayan YUK t'u7l s conejo MOP t'ul s conejo MOP t'u7ul conejo EpM *tz'unun s tz'unun s tz'unun tz'unun s tz'unun s

CHJ CHJ QAN QAN POP POP MCH MAMt MAMo MAMc AWA AWA IXL USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PCH

tz'unun tz'unun tz'unun tz'unun tz'unun tz'unun tz'u:nun tz'unun tz'unin tz'nuk tz'unum tz'uunum tz'u7n tz'u*nun tz'unun tz'unun tz'unuun tz'unun tz'unun tz'nun tz'unon tz'unun tz'unu"n tz'unun tz'unu"n tz'unun tz'unun #tz'unun

colibri*, gorrio*n, chupamiel, chuparrosa // gorrio*n gorrio*n /tz'uunu(7)n/ hummingbird // hummingbird colibri*, gorrio*n, chupamiel, gorrio*n colibri*, gorrio*n, chupamiel, colibri*, gorrio*n, chupamiel,

s s s s1a

s

s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

colibri*, gorrio*n colibri*, gorrio*n colibri*, gorrio*n gorrio*n, gorrio*n gorrio*n gorrio*n colibri*, gorrio*n gorrio*n gorrio*n colibri*, gorrio*n gorrio*n gorrio*n gorrio*n gorrio*n gorrio*n gorrio*n colibri*, gorrio*n gorrio*n gorrio*n gorrio*n colibri*,

gorrio*n, chupamiel, gorrio*n, chupamiel, gorrio*n, chupamiel, chupamiel //

gorrio*n, chupamiel,

gorrio*n, chupamiel,

gorrio*n, chupamiel,

gorrio*n, chupamiel,

chupaflor,

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[K&N 588] chupaflor, chuparrosa // [OKMA] chupaflor, chuparrosa // chupaflor, chuparrosa // [tk] chupaflor, chuparrosa // [OKMA] chupaflor, chuparrosa // [OKMA] chupaflor, chuparrosa // [OKMA] [TK67] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] chupaflor, chuparrosa // [a] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] chupaflor, chuparrosa // [wn] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] chupflor, chuparrosa // [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] chupaflor, chuparrosa //

cf.

QEQ QEQw WASw

tz'unun tz'unun tyunun

s s

gorrio*n [OKMA] colibri*, gorrio*n, chupamiel, chupaflor, chuparrosa // colibri*, gorrio*n, chupamiel, chupaflor, chuparrosa //

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx OWL CM *tuhkur(uu7) [diffused] Chis *tuhkul TZE TOJ MCH TUZ CHR AKA Hue *tukuruu7 MCH TEK MAM MAMt MAMt MAMo MAMc AWA AWA

610

tuhkul tujkul tu:kul tukul

`horned owl' (Bubo virginianus) s s s1a

tijkirin tukulin tukuruju:7 tukuruu7 tukruu7 tukuru tukuru tukru tokru tukuru7 tukruuj

s1 s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

tecolote // tecolote // tecolote // lechuza [ETR] //

[tk]

tecolote lechuza

[OKMA] [OKMA]

tiene orejitas, cachitos // tecolote tecolote // tecolote lechuza tecolote tecolote tecolote // tecolote

[TK67] [OKMA]

[TK67] [TK67-68]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [a] [OKMA]

GK *tuhkur USP KCH KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH PCH SAK

tukur tuukur tukur tukur tukur tukur tukur tukr tukor tuku"r tukur tukr tukur tuhkur tuhkur tukur (!) #tujcur tuhkur

s

s

s s

te7t tukor

tecolote tecolote tecolote lechuza tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote tecolote

//

//

// //

lechuza

[OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [st] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pM *7ikiin YUK LAK EpM(Yu) TZO MAM MAMi TZU

#icin ikim /7ikiin/ ichin xhiin xhiin xkin

s s s s

especie de lechuza // tecolote // small owl tecolote // tecolote // tecolote tecolote

[m] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pYu

611

ITZ ITZ MOP

(aj=)b'uj b'uj buj

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

tecolote lechuza tecolote

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== PQ *waroom MCH TUZ PCH QEQ QEQ QEQlan QEQw

wa:ch.o:m wach.o:m woroon warom warom warom warom

s/ap

dormilo*n // dormilo*n [ETR] // tecolote tecolote lechuza tecolote // tecolote, buho

[TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

========================================================================== GQ *ton.ton CHJ QAN AKA

612

tonton tonton tonton

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

tecolote tecolote tecolote

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pM *xooch' WASw YUK pCh CHR CHR CHL TZE TOJ QAN MAM AWA IXL USP KCH KCHq KCHc KCHk KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PCH PCH

`screech owl' (Tyto alba) tx'uux #xochh *xoch' xoch' xo7ch xoch' xoch' xoch' xotx' xiitx' xitx' xotx' xoch' xooch' xooch' xooch' xooch' xoch' xoch' xoch' xoch' xooch' xooch'

s s s s s s s s s s s

s

s

lechuza // lechuza // // screech owl lechuza // lechuza lechuza // lechuza // lechuza // lechuza // lechuza // lechuza // lechuza lechuza lechuza // lechuza lechuza lechuza lechuza // lechuza lechuza lechuza gavila*n // lechuza

[m] [K&N 639] [OKMA] [tk] [tk] [a] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM+ *xiich' MCH TUZ MAMo MAMi PQMj

613

xi:ch' xi:ch' xiitx' xiitx' xiech'

s1 s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

lechuza chiquita (ahuizote)[amber/brown color] // [TK67] lechuza [ETR] // [TK67-68] lechuza [OKMA] lechuza [OKMA] lechuza [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx QUETZAL pM *q'u7q' pCh CHT QAN QAN MAM MAMo MAMc MAMi AWA IXL USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc SIP SAK TZU KAQi PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQlan QEQcah

*k'uk' #cuc q'uq' q'u7 q'uuq' q'uuq' q'uq q'uuq' q'uuq' q'uuq' q'uq' q'uuq' q'uuq' q'uuq' q'uuq' q'uq' q'uq' q'uuq' q'uq' #k'u7k q'uuq' q'uq' q'uq' q'uq' 7u:q'

pM *maam q'u7q' CHL x-(man=)k'uk' TZE man=k'uk' CHJ mam=k'uk' CHJ mam=ku7 KAQ (ma-)q'uq' KAQc man=q'uq' KAQp

614

s s s s

s

s s

s s s s

xim=q'uq'

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

// (feather of) quetzal pluma verde // pluma // quetzal quetzal // quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal // quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal // quetzal quetzal quetzal // pa*jaro quetzal // pa*jaro quetzal // quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal quetzal

// // // //

[K&N 272] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [st] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71]

[tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

GLL? #k'uk'um YUK LAK ITZ CHT CHL CHL TZE TUZ TUZ QEQ QEQw

cf.

CHJ POP POP POP MCH KCH

`feather' < **q'u7q' #kukum k'uk'm-@n k'uk'un #cucum k'uk'um k'uk'mal k'uk'um k'uk'um [1] k'uk'um [3] #k'u7kum k'uk'um [diffused]

s s s s s s s1 s s

k'uk'um s k'uk'um s k'uk'um [diffused?] k'uk'um k'uk'um q'uq'um s [not found in good sources]

pluma // [m] pluma // pluma [OKMA] pluma // pluma // pluma // pluma // vellos del cuerpo [ERH] // dragon-fly [ERH] [TK67-68] gavila*n [ETR] // [TK67-68] pluma // [st] pluma // [sd] gavila*n // gorrio*n // quetzal gavila*n gavila*n pluma //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [tk]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx GRACKLE WM+GLL *q'a7aw YUK pCh CHR CHR TZO TZE CHJ CHJ CHJ MCH MCH MCH TUZ

615

s k'a7w *k'aw k'awin k'awin k'a7w k'a7aw k'a7w k'a7aw k'a7aw q'a7w q'a7w malaj=q'a7w q'a7w

zanate // boat-tailed grackle s grajo // s // (female) blackbird sanate clarinero s zanate // s zanate // s zanate // sanate clarinero s zanate // s clarinero (grande) // s1 tordito (pa*jaro) // s zanate [ETR] //

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[mq] [K&N 253] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [TK67] [TK67] [TK67-68]

========================================================================== pM #ty'ok QAN QAN AKA POP POP TEK TEK MAM MAMt MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi AWA AWA USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi

`male blackbird' [TK 1978 13.9] [diffused; symbolic] ch'ok s zanate // ch'okil sanate ch'ok sanate ix=ch'ok s zanate // ch'ok sanate ch'ok sanate ch'ok clarinero ch'ok s zanate // ch'ok sanate ch'ok clarinero ch'ok sanate ch'ok sanate ch'ok sanate ch'ook s zanate // ch'ok sanate ch'ok sanate ch'ok s zanate // ch'ok sanate ch'ok sanate ch'ok sanate ch'ok sanate ch'ok sanate ch'ok sanate ch'o"k s zanate // ch'ok sanate ch'o"k sanate ch'ok sanate

PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQw

tz'ok tz'ok #tz'oc tz'ok tz'oq tz'oq

cf.

WASw

tx'ok

cf.

XNK

tz'oko

616

s s

sanate sanate zanate // sanate sanate zanate // tordo [rl]

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

zanate //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [(s)] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [st] [OKMA] [OKMA]

Hue *maam ty'ok `male grackle' QAN mamej ch'okil MAMo t-man ch'ok MAMc t-man ch'ok SIP mam ch'ok GK *tun ty'ok MCH KCHk SAK KAQc KAQi PQMp PCH QEQ POP MAMi AWA USP SAK PQMj

`male grackle' tu:n ma7 tun ch'ok tun ch'ak aj=tun ch'o"k aj=tun ch'ok antoon tz'ok ah=tun tz'ok tun tz'oq

s3

ho ch'ok txu ch'ok lmaq ch'ok ach ch'ok te7t ch'ak ta tz'ok

clarinero clarinero clarinero clarinero

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

hermano mayor; ti*o // clarinero clarinero clarinero clarinero clarinero clarinero clarinero

[TK67] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

clarinero clarinero clarinero clarinero sanate clarinero

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx DUCK WM+ #pech [diffused] CHR pech' CHL pech TZE pech, pech' TOJ pech CHJ pech QAN pech AKA pech POP pech MCH pech MAM #pechi [borrowed into Soke, Chiapaneko]

617

s s s s

s1a s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

tipo pato pato pato pato pato pato pato pato pato

de perdiz // // // //

// //

[tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67] [r]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx BIRD pM *tz'ikin WASw KAB YUK LAK MOP CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP MCH TUZ TUZ MAMi AWA IXL IXL KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQi PCH PCH QEQc&l

618

tx'itxin #chichin ch'i*ch' ch'ich' ch'iich' ch'ik tz'ikin tz'ikin tz'ikin ch'ik, tx'ik tz'ikin tz'ikin tz'ikin-a:l ERG-chet tz'uchin tz'ichin tz'ikin tz'ikin tz'ikin tz'ikin tz'ikiin tz'ikin tz'ikin tz'iken tz'ikin tz'iki"n tz'ikin tz'ikin tz'ikin tz'ikin tz'ik

s s s s s s s s s1a s1a

s s

s s

pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro, ave // gallina // gallina [ETR] // nin*o del ojo [ERH] [ETR] // codorniz codorniz pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro pa*jaro, ave, pene // pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro, ave // pa*jaro pa*jaro; verga //

[mq]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67] [TK67-68] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

QEQcah

k'ot tz'ik

chiltepe //

[TK71]

QEQcah

r-ismal tz'ik

vellos de la verga // short hairs

[TK71]

QEQcah QEQlan QEQcah

tz'ik ha7 x-tz'ikn i ha7 r-uh r-e:h tz'ik

garza // garza // pico de pa*jaro //

[TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

QEQlan

r-uh chi r-eh tz'ik

pico de pajaro //

[TK71]

QAN AKA

yune tz'ikin yune7al tz'ikin

picho*n picho*n

[OKMA] [OKMA]

SAK TZU

ch'iten tz'iken raal tz'ikin

picho*n picho*n

[OKMA] [OKMA]

QEQc&l

tz'iki

coger mujer //

[TK71]

vt

========================================================================== GLL *muut YUK EpM CHR CHR CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ cf. MCH

#mut mut mut mut mut mut mut much much mu:t

/muut/

s s s s s s s GN

pa*jaro // bird; omen pa*jaro // pa*jaro gallina // pa*jaro // pa*jaro // pa*jaro // pa*jaro // pa*jaro Obrego*n - una aldea Tilo*, Chis. //

[(roys)] [OKMA] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [TK67]

========================================================================== EM+Yu *ty'iC USP PQMp

619

ch'ib' ch'ip

pa*jaro pa*jaro

[OKMA] [OKMA]

MAMi

ch'it

pa*jaro

[OKMA]

POP

ch'ik

pa*jaro

[OKMA]

ITZ MOP

ch'ich' ch'iich'

pa*jaro pa*jaro

[OKMA] [OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

========================================================================== EM+ *piity' TUZ TEK MAMt MAMo MAMc TZU PCH QEQ

pich' pich' ta+ pich' pich' pich' piich' piich' pich'

s1a

gorrioncito [ETR] // pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro pa*jaro carpintero, cheje pa*jaro carpintero, cheje pa*jaro carpintero, cheje

[TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx BUZZARD EM *k'uty EpM pCh *k'a"n=ti7 #canti kantil q'an=ti:7 q'an=ti7 (ka:n) q'antin [from WM] q'antin [from WM] k'anti7 [from Ch'olan] q'anti7 [from WM] #canti k'anti7 [from Ch'olan] k'anti7 [from Ch'olan]

s s s s

s s

kaq-i k'anti [from Ch'olan]

tipo de culebra // cantil // culebra) cantil // [moccasin] nauyaca [ETR] // cantil // coral coral coral tipo de culebra // culebra o serpiente tipo de culebra //

[m] [tk] [TK67] [TK67-68] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [st] [OKMA]

coral

[OKMA]

========================================================================== Chis *b'aaq nheeh TZE b'ak=ne TOJ b'ak=nej

639

ss ss

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

clase de culebra // bushmaster clase de culebra // bushmaster

[tk]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx BOA pYu #7och kan ITZ MOP

och kan och kan

masacuata masacuata

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Kp+ *tolob'VC AWA USP KCHq SIP KAQp KAQc KAQi

chulb'a7 talb'om tolob'on tolb'a7 talab'on tolob'on tolob'on

masacuata masacuata masacuata masacuata masacuata masacuata masacuata

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Kp *keej kumatz KCHq keej kumatz KCHc kej kumatz KCHk kej kumatz SAK kej kumatz

serpiente voladora serpiente voladora serpiente voladora masacuata

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx WM+LL *ra7x kaan ITZ x=ya7x kan AKA yax kan

serpiente voladora serpiente voladora

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM *ju.. AWA SAK

640

juuj ju7

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

serpiente voladora serpiente voladora

[OKMA] [OKMA]

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% LIZARDS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%% pM *7ohko.. WASw TZO TZE TOJ

otxo7 okotz ohkotz ojkotz

s s s s

lagartija lagartija lagartija lagartija

// // // //

[tk] [tk]

========================================================================== GK *7ix=pa7ach [from Mije-Sokean *patzi] AKA patix

lagartija

[OKMA]

KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK KAQp KAQc KAQi KAQi

x=pa7ch ix=pa7ch ix=pa7ch ix=pa7ch ix=pach x=pa7ch ispa7ch x=pa"'ch x=pa7ch ix=pa7ch ix=pa7ch

lagartija cutete cutete cutete cutete lagartija cutete lagartija lagartija lagartija cutete

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

PQMp

rax=po7ch

cutete

[OKMA]

========================================================================== GK *7ix=tohlook PQMp tohlook PQMj tahluak QEQ toolokok QEQc&l tohlok KCHq KCHc

641

ix=tolok ix=tolok

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

lagartija lagartija lagartija lagartija //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

lagartija lagartija

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GK+ *si7ik IXL KCHk TZU TZU PCH

si7ch siik si7k si7k si7k

lagartija lagartija lagartija lagarto lagartija

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx IGUANA LL *huuj YUK juuj /h1/ (m) s iguana // YUK #hhuh s iguana // ITZ juj iguana pCh *huj s // iguana CHR ju(j) s iguana // CHR juj iguana CHT #hu s iguana // EM+ *7oohon [diffused] MCH 7ooja7n TUZ 7oha7n TEK joo7on MAM o7n MAMo o7n KCH o7on

s s s s s

iguana // // iguana [ETR] iguana // iguana // iguana iguana //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[mq] [m] [OKMA] [K&N 157] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [TK67-68] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [tk]

========================================================================== WM *7ina=tam TZO TZE QAN AKA POP POP

inatab', initam, #ynatan inetam intam intam intam intam

POQ *7inaa=y PQMp PQMj PCH

inaay inaay na7y

642

s s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

iguana iguana iguana iguana iguana iguana

// // // //

iguana iguana lagarto

[tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx pM *7ahiin WASw YUK YUK LAK ITZ MOP MOP EpM pCh CHR CHT CHL CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ TUZ TUZ MAM MAMo MAMi USP KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l QEQc&l

643

s lagarto, caima*n // cayman 7ajin s lagarto, caima*n // a*yin (?) s lagarto, caima*n // #ain s lagarto, caima*n // ayin s lagarto, caima*n // ayin lagarto ayin s lagarto, caima*n // ayin lagarto /7ahiin/ alligator *7ahin s // alligator a7in, e7in s lagarto, caima*n // #a(h)in s lagarto, caima*n // ayin s lagarto, caima*n // (a)jin s lagarto, caima*n // ain s lagarto, caima*n // ahyin s lagarto, caima*n // ayin s lagarto, caima*n // ayin lagarto ahiin s lagarto, caima*n // 7ahi:n s lagarto [ETR] // aayin s lagarto, caima*n // ayin lagarto a7yil lagarto ayin lagarto ayiin lagarto ayiin lagarto ayin lagarto ayin lagarto ayin s lagarto, caima*n // ayin lagarto ayin lagarto ayin lagarto ijiin lagarto ihin s lagarto, caima*n // ahin lagarto ahin lagarto ahin s lagarto, caima*n // 7ahin lagarto // 7ahin lagarto // cayman

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[mq] [m] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 5] [m]

[tk] [OKMA] [tk] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

[TK71]

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% BATRACHIANS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% pM *woo7 WASw YUK TOJ CHJ MAM MAMi AWA AWA PCH QEQw

7oo7 #uo wo7 wo7 wo(7) woo7 wo7 woo7 woo7 wo7

s s s s s s s

sapo, rana chica // sapo // sapo // sapo // sapo // sapo rana // sapo sapo sapillo //

[m]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Chis *ch'uch' TZO TZE TOJ TUZ

ch'uch' ch'uch' ch'uch' pin=ch'uch'

s s s s1a

rana rana rana rana

// // // [ETR] [ERH] verde [ETR] //

[tk] [tk] [TK67-68]

========================================================================== Mp *x=tx'oo7 TEK MAM* MAMt MAMc MAMc MAMo MAMo

644

x=tx'o7 x=tx'oo7 xh=ch'oo7 x=tx'o x=tx'o

s

t-txu x=tx'o t-man x=tx'o

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

sapo sapo // sapo rana sapo

[OKMA]

rana sapo

[OKMA] [OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pM *7amooch [/u/ is Ch'olan] YUK muuch ITZ much MOP much EpM /7aj=muuch/ CHR aj=much CHT #ah=much CHL (x=)much TZO amoch ~ amuch TZE amoch ~ amuch QEQ amoch QEQ amoch QEQw amoch ~ amuch cf. WASw 7anuutx

s

s s s s s s s

rana, sapo // sapo sapo toad rana // sapo // sapo // rana // rana // rana sapo rana // rana; nervio, pene //

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [mq]

========================================================================== GQ+ *pajtzaa7 CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP POP TEK

645

pajtza7 pajcha7 pajtza7 pajtza7 paatza7 pahtza7 pahtz'a7 x=pajtzaa7

s s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

rana sapo rana rana rana rana rana sapo

// // // //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Kp *7ix=peq KCH KCHn KCHq KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi

cf. cf.

pCh CHR CHL CHR CHL

GQ+ *peqer QAN QAN AKA POP USP

ix=peq x=peq ix=peq ix=peq x=peq ix=paq x=peq x=paq x=pa"q ix=peq

s

sapo // sapo sapo sapo sapo sapo rana sapo sapo sapo

*7ix=peke(h)k pejk.pejk x=peke(j)k pek.pek (x=)pokok

s s s

// toad sapo // rana // rana sapo //

[K&N 399]

sapo sapo // sapo sapo // sapo

[OKMA]

peqey peqey pejey pejhey ix=paqar

s

s s

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Kp+ *7ix=tuutz' USP ix=tutz' KCHn x=tutz' KCHq ix=tuutz' KCHc ix=tuutz' KCHk ix=tuutz' SIP x=tutz' SAK ix=tutz' KAQc ix=tutz' KAQi ix=tutz' PQMj tuutz'

646

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

rana rana rana rana rana rana rana rana rana rana

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== [from Nawa kalatl] IXL karat rana LOAN ========================================================================== EM *pu7tzin IXL pu7tzin sapo TZU x=putzin sapo PQMp puutzin sapo ========================================================================== Mp

TEK MAMt MAMi

xal ponxhal xhaal

rana rana rana

[OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GTz *b'u.. [multiple reconstructions] CHR b'ub' CHL x=b'ujl, x=b'uj, x=b'ujb' TZO 7aob' TZE x=7ab'uy

647

s s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

buque, renacuajo // // tadpole // tadpole // tadpole

[tk] [tk]

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% FISH %% %%%%%%%%%% pM *kar YUK LAK ITZ EpM(Yu) EpM(Ch) pCh CHR CHR CHR CHT CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ POP POP MCH TUZ USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ

648

kay k@y ka"y /kay/ /chay/ *ch@y chay chay chay #chai ch@y choy chay chay chay chay kay kay kach kach kar kar kar kar kar kar kar kar ka"r ka"r ka"r ka"r kar ka"r kar kar kar

s s

s s s s s s s s s s1a s1a s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pescado // pescado // pescado fish fish // fish pescado // pescado pescadito pescado // pescado // pescado // pescado // pescado // pescado // pescado pescado // pescado pescado // pescado [ETR] // pescado pescado // pescado pescado pescado pescado pescado pescado pescado // pescado pescado pescado pescado pescado pescado // pescado pescado

[mq] [OKMA] [K&N 79] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [mq] [OKMA] [TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

QEQw QEQc&l

kar kar

s

pescado // pescado //

[TK71]

QEQc&l QEQcah QEQlan

kuuxil kar xul kar k'anti7 kar

3s

anzuelo // anguilla // anguilla //

[TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

KAQp

karil

pescadito

[OKMA]

POP USP KCHc KCHk SIP SAK QEQ

tzulik kay nuch' kar ral ko kar ral taq kar nich' kar ch'iten kar kok' kar

pescadito pescadito pescadito pescadito pescadito pescadito pescadito

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

pesco* pesco* pesco* pesco* pesco* pesco* pesco* pescado // pescar //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71]

red de pescar

[OKMA]

pM *kar.i ~ *kar.a CHR chuk=chayi KCHc x+ kar.i-n-ik KAQc xkarun KAQi x+ kar.u-n PQMp xkarana PQMj ihkarini QEQ x+ kar.i QEQc&l kar QEQc&l karab'k PQMp

karanab'al

#chay [diffused from pGTz or pCh] QAN txay [diffused] QAN txay [diffused] AKA txay [diffused] IXL txay [diffused] IXL txay [diffused]

649

sv

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pescado // pescado pescado pescado // pescado

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

#kay [diffused; from POP?] MAM* kiyh [diffused] MAMo kixh [diffused] MAMc kyixh [diffused] MAMi kyixh [diffused] AWA kixh [diffused] AWA kay [diffused] AWA kay [diffused]

s

s s

pescado // pescado pescado pescado pescado // pescado // pescado

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [a] [(s)] [OKMA]

TEK MAMi AWA

tal chixh tal kyixh ne7xh kay

pescadito pescadito pescadito

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

QAN MAMo MAMc AWA IXL

max+ txay.w-i ma kixh.i-n ma kyiixh.i-n kay.ii-n i-txeya

pesco* pesco* pesco* pesco* pesco*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

QAN MAMo MAMi

txayb'al pa te kixhb'il kyiixhb'il

red de pescar red de pescar red de pescar

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== QK+ "BACK of FISH" = `fish scale' MAMt ti7j chimoy USP rij kar KCHc rij kar SAK rij kar KAQc rij ka"r KAQi rij ka"r PQMp riij kar PCH riij kar QEQ rix kar

650

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

escama escama escama escama escama escama escama escama escama

(de (de (de (de (de (de (de (de (de

pescado) pescado) pescado) pescado) pescado) pescado) pescado) pescado) pescado)

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Hue+ "MONEY of FISH" = `fish scale' CHJ stumin AKA stumin no7 txay

escama (de pescado) escama (de pescado)

[OKMA] [OKMA]

ITZ

tak'in ka"y

escama (de pescado)

[OKMA]

MAMc MAMi

tpwaaq kyixh tpuwaaq kyixh

escama (de pescado) escama (de pescado)

[OKMA] [OKMA]

TEK

tmeyul

escama (de pescado)

[OKMA]

========================================================================== "SNAKE FISH" = `eel'; *kaan kay, etc ITZ kan ka"y MOP ka"n ka"y ja7 TUZ kanu=kach

s1a

anguila anguila anguilla [ETR] [ERH] //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67-68]

QEQ

k'anti kar

anguila

[OKMA]

KCHc

kumatz kar

anguila

[OKMA]

========================================================================== CM *mutz'utz' QAN KCHq

mutz'utz' mutz'utz'

pescadito pescadito

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GK *ty'uu7 or *ch'uu7 TZU ch'uu7 PQMp chub'

pescado pescadito

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pYu #jok' ITZ MOP

651

jok' jo7ok' taj

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pesco* pesco*

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Kp

KCHn KCHq KCHk SAK KAQp

xuchap xuchap xuchap xichap xuchap

kar kar kar kar ka"r

pesco* pesco* pesco* pesco* pesco*

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% MOLLUSKS %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% SHRIMP EM *cho7om TUZ cho7m s1a camaro*n [ETR] [ERH] // MAMi txo7m camaro*n SAK cha7m camaro*n TZU cho7m camaro*n KAQc cho7n camaro*n KAQi cham camaro*n PQMp choom camaro*n PQMj chuam camaro*n SAK PQMj

ch'ete7n cha7m pi7 chuam

camaroncillo camaroncillo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== LL *xeex ITZ pCh

xex *xex

s

camaro*n // shrimp

[OKMA] [K&N 632]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CRAWFISH GTz *nep' CHL TZE

652

mep' nep'

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

cangrejo // cangrejo //

[tk]

========================================================================== EM+ *tap AKA POP MCH

653

chaap chap chap

TUZ TEK MAM MAMt MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi AWA AWA USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l

chap chap chop chap chap chop chap chap chop chap top tap tap top tap tap top tap tap top top top top tap tap tap tap tap tap

QEQlan QEQcah QEQcah QEQlan QEQlan

(tap) 7am (tap i) 7am tap i 7am kawaay x-tap 7am kawaayo x-tap 7am kawa*ayo

s1a s1a s

s s

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo // [crab in mountains, crawfish or river shrimp on coast] cangrejo [ETR] // cangrejo cangrejo // cangrejo jute (animal de ri*o) cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo // cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo // cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo // cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo // cangrejo //

[OKMA] [OKMA]

aran*a // aran*a // "yerba" // "yerba" // "yerba" //

[TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

[TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

========================================================================== WM+GLL #yax ITZ MOP CHJ QAN QEQc&l

yux yux ya7ax yax ya:x

cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo cangrejo pinza de cangrejo //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx SNAIL pM *puur EpM pCh CHL TZO TZE USP KCH KCHc KCHk SAK KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PQMj PCH PCH QEQw QEQc&l QEQcah QEQcah QEQ QEQcah QEQcah QEQlan

654

*puy puy puy puy puur puur puur puur puur pur pur puur puur puur pur puur pur pu:r

/puuy/

s s s s s

s s

puril pi:m pur pim x-pur pim pu:r (re: se7) pi:m r-isk'i7j pu:r r-isk'i7j i pur

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

snail // snail caracol // caracol // caracol // jute (animal de ri*o) caracol // jute (animal de ri*o) jute (animal de ri*o) jute (animal de ri*o) jute (animal de ri*o) jute (animal de ri*o) jute (animal de ri*o) jute (animal de ri*o) caracol de tierra caracol // jute (animal de ri*o) caracol // caracol // caracol caracol caracol caracol apazate apazote

de de de de // //

monte // monte // tierra monte //

[K&N 432] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [wn] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

GK *puur Ha7 SAK PQMj QEQ SAK PQMp PCH QEQ QEQc&l

pur re ya7 puur ha7 pur ha7

caracol de mar caracol de mar jute (animal de ri*o)

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

pur re ulew kam pur ri-puur kohoq x-pur palaw pu:r re: palaw

caracol caracol caracol caracol cacacol

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

de de de de de

tierra tierra tierra mar agua //

========================================================================== pM *meek', etc. QAN mich' AKA mich'in POP mik'in POP mik'in AWA xh=meek' AWA xh=meek' SIP mek' SIP mek'

concha concha concha caracol de mar concha caracol de mar concha caracol de mar

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM #xh=jur MAMc MAMc SIP

655

xhjul xhjul xjur tza7m

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

caracol de mar caracol de tierra caracol de tierra

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pM *t'oot' ITZ ITZ MOP pCh IXL KCHn KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHc KCHc KCHk KCHk TZU TZU TZU TZU KAQc KAQi KAQi KAQi PCH MOP

656

`snail' [+ TK 1978 14.8] t'ot' t'ot' t'ot' *t'ot'

caracol de mar caracol de tierra caracol de mar // snail

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 546]

t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'oot' t'ot' t'ot' t'ot' t'ot' t'oot'

caracol de mar caracol de tierra concha caracol de mar caracol de tierra concha caracol de mar caracol de tierra concha caracol de mar caracol de tierra caracol de mar caracol de tierra concha jute (animal de ri*o) caracol de tierra caracol de mar caracol de tierra concha caracol de mar

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

t'ot' lu7um

caracol de tierra

[OKMA]

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

========================================================================== pM #pemech MOP CHR KAQc KAQi PQMp PCH QEQc&l IXL

pemech peremech pemech pemech pamach pemech pemech

concha concha concha concha concha concha concha de mar //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

me7ch

jute (animal de ri*o)

[OKMA]

========================================================================== GQ+ *xoch CHJ CHJ QAN AKA MCH TUZ QEQw POP

xoch xoch xotx xotx soch soch xoch

s

s s s

q'o7 xotx

caracolillo // jute (animal de ri*o) jute (animal de ri*o) jute (animal de ri*o) caracolillo, jute // caracol del mar caracolillo //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [tk]

caracol de tierra

[OKMA]

========================================================================== pYu #tutu7 ITZ MOP

tutu7 tutu7

jute (animal de ri*o) jute (animal de ri*o)

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== WM *q'o7 TZE CHJ QAN

657

k'o7 k'o7 k'otok'

s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

caracol // caracol // caracol de monte/tierra //

[tk] [PLFM]

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% BUGS %% %%%%%%%%%% WEEVIL GQ *hij CHJ QAN

hij ij

gorgojo gorgojo

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Qp *7ub'ul AKA POP

ub'ul ub'ul

gorgojo gorgojo

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pYu #xow ITZ MOP cf. TUZ

658

xoj xow xow

vt

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

gorgojo gorgojo // to poke at him, to stab him [ETR]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67-68]

========================================================================== EM *pok' MCH MCH

pok' pok'

TEK MAMt MAMt MAMo MAMo MAMc MAMi AWA AWA IXL IXL USP USP KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK KAQi

pok' pok' pok' pok' pok' pok' pok' pok' pok' pok' pok' pok' pok' pook' pook' pook' pok' pak' pok'

gorgojo gorgojo (de palo), broca, polillo de mai*z - pica el mai*z // termita (comeje*n de madera, polilla) gorgojo termita (comeje*n de madera, polilla) gorgojo termita (comeje*n de madera, polilla) gorgojo gorgojo gorgojo termita (comeje*n de madera, polilla) gorgojo termita (comeje*n de madera, polilla) gorgojo termita (comeje*n de madera, polilla) termita (comeje*n de madera, polilla) gorgojo gorgojo gorgojo gorgojo gorgojo

MAMi

tpok'al tzee7

termita (comeje*n de madera, polilla)

s1a

[tk] [TK67] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx DRAGONFLY LL #tuhli7x YUK LAK pCh TUZ

659

`libe*lula // dragonfly' #tili7ix #turix *tuhlux tuli7ch

[jj] s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

libe*lula // dragonfly mariposa [de di*a] [ETR] // butterfly [not moth]

2003 [K&N 537] [TK67-68]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CENTIPEDE pM *ko=mes ~ *ka=mes ITZ chemes CHR kamis QAN komes POP komes AWA kaams KCHk kones PCH kones

ciempie*s ciempie*s ciempie*s ciempie*s ciempie*s ciempie*s ciempie*s

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pYu

MOP EpM

chupaat

ciempie*s #chapat centipede

[OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Mp+ #(ka)meHy [areal] TEK x=kal=kame7y MAMo kameexh MAMi xmeexh PQMp mi7x

arador arador arador arador

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GK *kaq=xihk', KCHc KCHk PQMj PCH QEQ

660

etc. kaqxiiq' kaqxik' kaqxihk' kaqxi7q kaqik'

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

arador arador arador arador arador

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx COCKAROACH GTz *pehwaal CHL TZO TZE

pe(j)wal pewal ~ peul pehwal

s s s

cucaracha // cucaracha // cucaracha //

[tk] [tk]

========================================================================== LL+GQ *pety' [multiple reconstructions] YUK peech (sic) ITZ pech MOP pech CHR pech' CHT #pech CHJ pech' CHJ pech AKA pech'

s s s s

cucaracha garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata cucaracha cucaracha cucaracha

// // // //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [m] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GK *ix=pin(=ko7k) USP ixpin KCHq ixpin=ko7k SAK ixpan=ka7k

cucaracha cucaracha cucaracha

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Mp+ *xh=ky'i7l MCH TEK MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi

661

x=k'i7l xh=ch'i7l xh=ky'i7l xh=k'i7l xh=ky'i7l xh=ky'i7l

s1

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

cucaracha chica // cucaracha cucaracha cucaracha cucaracha cucaracha

[TK67] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx BEDBUG pM *poty' pCh TUZ MAM MAMo MAMi AWA AWA IXL

*poch' poch'

s s1a

pach' poch' poch' pach', poch' pach' pach'

s s

// bedbug animal que pica [como garrapata, talaje] [ETR] // one-eyed [ETR] chinche // chinche chinche chinche // chinche chinche

[K&N 416] [TK67-68] [mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [a] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx SKEETER GQ *xe7n CHJ CHJ CHJ AKA POP MCH MCH TUZ TUZ

xe(7)n xen xen xeen xen xe7n xe7n xe7n xe7n

s

Chis+ *xenen TZO TZE QAN POP KAQ

xenen xenen xenen xenen xenen

s s

Mp *xeene7 TEK MAM MAMo MAMc MAMi KAQc

xeene7 xeenV7 xeni7 xeene xee7ne xene7

662

s1 s s s

s s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

zancudo // mosquito zancudo zancudo zancudo zancudo; jeje*n // zancudo // zancudo zancudo [ETR] //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67] [tk] [tk] [TK67-68]

zancudo zancudo zancudo zancudo ta*bano

[tk] [tk] [OKMA] [tk] [tk]

// // // //

zancudo zancudo // zancudo zancudo zancudo zancudo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

GK *xanan TZU KAQp KAQi PQMp

xanan xanan xana"n xanan

zancudo zancudo zancudo zancudo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

GK+ *xa7an IXL USP KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SAK

xaa7n xa7n xa7n xa7m xa7n xaan xa7an

zancudo zancudo zancudo zancudo zancudo zancudo zancudo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== #7uch'a7 [areal] CHR uch'a7 PQMj uch'a7 PCH uch'a7

zancudo zancudo zancudo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx TICK pM *siip pCh CHR CHR CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP POP MCH TUZ

663

*sip sip sip sip sip sip sip sip sip sip sip sip sip sip si:p si:p

s s s s s s s s s s1 s1a

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

// tick [K&N 469] garrapata // garrapata [OKMA] garrapata // garrapata // [tk] garrapata // [tk] garrapata // garrapata // garrapata [OKMA] garrapata // garrapata [OKMA] garrapata [OKMA] garrapata // garrapata [OKMA] garrapata // [TK67] mostacilla, pinolillo [ETR]: animalito [ERH] //

cf.

664

TEK MAM MAMo MAMi AWA IXL USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l WASw

sip siip siip siip siip sip siip siip siip siip siip siip sip siip siip sip sip sip sip siip siip siip siip sip sip(k) si:p tip

s

s

s

s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

garrapata garrapata // garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata, pioj(ill)o // garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata, piojo // garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata garrapata // garrapata garrapata garrapata // garrapata // garrapata //

[TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [xx]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx SCORPION pM *siina7nh WAS* YUK ITZ MOP EpM pCh CHR CHR CHL CHJ AKA MCH TUZ TUZ MAMi AWA USP KCH KCHq KCHc KCHk SAK TZU KAQc KAQi PQM PQMj PCH

thiniy si*na7m, siina7n sina7an sina7an /siina7n/ *sina(m) sinam sinam sinam sina7an sinam si:na7m sina7m [1] sina7n [2] sii7na siine7j sina7j sina7j (#zinah) sina7j sina7j sinaj sina7j sina7y sina7j sina7j sinaj sinaaj tzina7j

s s

s s s s1 s

s

s

alacra*n // [mq] alacra*n // [mq] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] scorpion // scorpion [K&N 468] alacra*n // alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n // alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n // [TK67] 'El Carr(it)o' [ERH] // a constellation [ERH] [TK67-68] alacra*n [ETR] // [TK67-68] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n // alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n // alacra*n [OKMA] alacra*n [OKMA]

========================================================================== Chis *tzek TZE TOJ QAN

665

tzek tzek k'etz (!)

s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

alacra*n // alacra*n // alacra*n //

[tk]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ANT pM *sanik WASw YUK YUK ITZ MOP MOP pCh CHR CHR CHT CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP POP MCH TUZ TUZ TEK MAM MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi AWA AWA IXL USP KCH KCHn KCHn

666

thinitx #zinic si*nik sinik sinik sinik *xinich xinich xinich #xinich xinich ~ xinich' xinich xanich xanich xan7ich sa7ich sanik ~ sanik' sanik' sanik sanik sanik sanik sanik sanik-a:l k'i7x sanik snik snik snik sniky sniky snik snik sanich snik sanik sanik sanik

s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s1a s1a

s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

hormiga // hormiga // [m] hormiga // [mq] hormiga [OKMA] hormiga // hormiga [OKMA] // ant [K&N 637] hormiga // hormiga [OKMA] hormiga // [m] hormiga // hormiga // [tk] hormiga // [tk] hormiga // hormiga // hormiga [OKMA] hormiga // hormiga [OKMA] hormiga [OKMA] hormiga // hormiga [OKMA] hormiga chiquita que pica // [TK67] // ant [ETR] [TK67-68] hormiga delgada y larga: pican ma*s recio que todos [ETR] // [TK67-68] hormiga [OKMA] hormiga // hormiga [OKMA] hormiga [OKMA] hormiga [OKMA] hormiga [OKMA] hormiga // hormiga [OKMA] hormiga [OKMA] hormiga [OKMA] hormiga // hormiga [OKMA] zompopo [OKMA]

KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l

sanik sanik sanik snik sanek sanik sani"k sanik sanik sanik sinik sinik sinik sinik sank sank sa:nk

MAMt PCH

ma sniky nimaq sinik

s

s s

hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga hormiga

//

// // //

zompopo zompopo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM+ *ch'eken (pM *ty'eken WM QAN MAMo AWA IXL USP KCHq KCHc KCHk SAK TZU KAQc KAQi

667

`leaf-cutter ant' `driver ant') [TK 1978 13.7] tx'eken tx'ikin xkan

zompopo zompopo zompopo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

ch'eken ch'akan ch'eken ch'eken ch'akan ch'akan ch'eken ch'eken

zompopo zompopo zompopo zompopo zompopo zompopo zompopo zompopo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

PQ *tekeen PQMp PQMj QEQ QEQc&l

takan taken teken teken

zompopo zompopo zompopo zompopo //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

========================================================================== pYu *saay YUK ITZ MOP

j=sa:y say say

s1

Argentine ant zompopo zompopo

[vb] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Mp *makax TEK MAMc MAMi

makax makax makax

zompopo zompopo zompopo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GTz *t'is(im), CHR TZO TZE

668

etc. [diffused?; symbolic interference?] t'isim s zompopo // k'is s clase de hormiga // tz'isim s clase de hormiga //

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[tk] [tk]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx BUTTERFLY pM *pehpen YUK ITZ MOP pCh CHR CHR CHL TZO TZE TOJ USP KCH KCHn KCHq KAQi PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l

pe*pen peepem pempem *pehpem pejpem pejpem pejpem pepen pehpen pejpen pepe peepeh pepe pepe pepe pehpem pehpem peepem peepem pehpem

s s s s s s s s

s s

mariposa // mariposa mariposa // butterfly mariposa // mariposa mariposa // mariposa // mariposa // mariposa // mariposa mariposa // mariposa mariposa mariposa mariposa // mariposa mariposa mariposa // mariposo //

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 401] [OKMA] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [wn] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

========================================================================== Mp *paaka7l TEK MAMo MAMc MAMi

paka7l paka7l paakel paakal

mariposa mariposa mariposa mariposa

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GQ *nam [from Soke?] QAN nam QAN nam POP nam CHJ

669

nam-man, nam=nich

s

mariposa // mariposa mariposa

s

mariposa //

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GLL #sur MOP CHJ

sul surix

palomilla (mariposa que apaga la luz) palomilla (mariposa que apaga la luz)

[OKMA] [OKMA]

cf. MIG sur(u)penhpenh mariposa ========================================================================== Mp+ *pu7t < **pu7(u)r TEK pu7t MAMt pu7t MAMt put MAMo pu7t MAMc pu7t SIP pu7t

palomilla palomilla mariposa palomilla palomilla mariposa

(mariposa que apaga la luz) (mariposa que apaga la luz) (mariposa que apaga la luz) (mariposa que apaga la luz)

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx FLEA pM *k'aq WASw YUK LAK ITZ MOP pCh CHR CHR CHT CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP POP MCH

670

tx'ak ch'ik ch'ik ch'ik ch'ik *ch'@k ch'ak ch'ak #chac ch'@k ch'ak ch'ak k'ak k'ak k'ak k'aq q'aq k'aj k'ajh k'aq k'aq

s s s s s s s s s s s s s s1a

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pulga // pulga // pulga // pulga pulga // flea pulga // pulga pulga, nigua // pulga // pulga // pulga // pulga // pulga // pulga piojo // pulga pulga pulga // pulga pulga //

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 111] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67]

TUZ TEK MAM MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi AWA AWA IXL IXL USP USP KCH KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQ

671

k'aq [2] ch'aq ky'eq ky'aq ky'eq ky'aq ky'aq ky'aq ky'aq k'aj k'aj k'eq k'eq k'aq k'aq k'aq k'aq k'aq k'aq k'eq k'yaq k'aq k'a"q k'a"q k'a"q k'a"q k'aq k'aq k'aq k'aq k'aq k'aq k'aq k'aq

s1a s

s

s

s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga nigua pulga nigua pulga pulga nigua pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga pulga nigua pulga pulga nigua

[ETR] // //

//

//

//

//

// //

[TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [a] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

========================================================================== pM *7ook-VC k'aq WASw otx-ax tx'ak CHR ochem ch'ak TZE och-em ch'ak TOJ och-um k'ak POP KCHk KAQc PQMp PQMj

vi + s vi + s vi + s

sew k'aq aqanil k'aq u"sma k'a"q rik'aq aaq alasanyut k'aq

nigua ("pulga que entra") // nigua nigua ("pulga entrada") // nigua ("pulga entrada") //

[OKMA] [tk]

nigua nigua nigua nigua nigua

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx LIGHTNING BUG pM *kuhka7y [diffused] YUK ko*kay CHR kujkay CHR kujkay CHT #cucai CHL k'@jk'@y TZE kukay CHJ kukay CHJ kukay QAN kuka/uy QAN kukuy AKA kukuy TEK kuuku7y TEK xkuky MAM kukyh MAMt kukiy MAMo xhkukxh MAMc xkukxh MAMi kuukuxh USP kuyuy PCH kukaay PCH kokay QEQw kukaay

672

s s s s s s s s s

s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga, lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga,

cucayo, cocuyo // cucayo, cocuyo // cucayo, cucayo, cucayo, cucayo,

cocuyo cocuyo cocuyo cocuyo

// // // //

cucayo, cocuyo // cucayo, cocuyo // cucayo, cocuyo //

cucayo, cocuyo // cucayo, cocuyo //

[mq] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [mq] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pYu *k'aak' nook' ITZ k'ak' nok' MOP k'ak' nok'ol

lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Kp *chup.V q'aaq' KCHn chupi q'aaq' KCHq chupi q'aaq' KAQp chupul q'aq' KAQc chupu"y q'aq' KAQi chupi q'aq'

lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga lucie*rnaga

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx WASP pM *hoonon YUK MOP MOP pCh CHR CHR CHT CHL TZO TZE QAN AKA POP MCH TUZ MAMs MAMo MAMo MAMc MAMi MAMi AWA

673

#holo7n /j/ jon jon bo7ox *hon(h)on jonon jonon #honhon jonow honon honon honon jonon honon jo:non

s

honon oonon onin moox oone mooxh moox #o7num

s1a s

s s s s s s s s1a

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

abejo*n // ronro*n escarabajo // bumblebee avispa // abejorro ronro*n // moyote // avispa // avispa // avispa // ronro*n ronro*n hono*n [ono*nh] (animalito que se pone en palo podrido // bumblebee avispa grande [ERH] // abeja, ronro*n // abeja ronro*n abeja escarabajo ronro*n ronro*n //

[m] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 153] [mq] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67] [TK67-68] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [a]

AWA USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SIP SAK TZU TZU KAQ KAQp KAQi PQMp QEQw QEQc&l

oonum wo*non #wonon awonon wanan wanan wonon wonon wnoon mox wanan wanan wanan wonon wanon wonon unan honon honon

s

s

s

ronro*n abejorro ronro*n // abeja abeja abejorro abejorro abejorro abeja ronro*n ronro*n abejorro ronro*n avispa, mosco*n // ronro*n abejorro abejorro abejo*n // abejo*n //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [gm] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

========================================================================== Chis *sunul TZE TOJ

sunul sunul

s s

avispa // avispa //

[tk]

========================================================================== GLL+ *xuux YUK MOP pCh CHR CHT CHL TZE AWA AWA

674

xuux xux *xux xux #xux xux xux xuux xuux

s s s s s s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

avispa panal // avispa panal // // wasp avispa panal // avispa panal // avispa panal // avispa panal // avispa panal // avispa amarilla

[mq] [K&N 648] [m] [tk] [(s)] [OKMA]

pYu *k'an xuux ITZ k'a"n xux MOP k'a"n xux ITZ MOP

xux wox bu7ul xux

avispa amarilla avispa amarilla

[OKMA] [OKMA]

avispa negra avispa negra

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pCM *7ahqaanh CHL QAN AKA POP MCH MAMi AWA AWA KCH KCHq KCHc KCHk KAQp KAQc KAQi

akanh aqan ajan ajhan 7a:qo:q aaq aq aaq #akaj aqaaj aqaaj aqaaj ajqaj aqaj aqaj

QAN SIP

snohal aqan rchokpil e+ qaja7

MCH TUZ

aaqooq oqooq

s s s s1 s s

s s

panal // wasp('s nest) panal // wasp('s nest) avispa negra [OKMA] panal // wasp('s nest) avispa grande que pica (= guitarro*n?) // [TK67] avispa negra [OKMA] panal // wasp ('s nest) [(mz)] avispa negra [OKMA] panal // wasp('s nest) [gm] avispa negra [OKMA] avispa negra [OKMA] avispa negra [OKMA] avispa negra [OKMA] avispa negra [OKMA] avispa negra [OKMA] avispa negra avispa negra

[OKMA] [OKMA]

panal // wasp ('s nest) panal // wasp ('s nest)

[tk] [tk]

========================================================================== [from proto-Sokean 7ok@wVC] WASw 7okow TZE 7a*ko TOJ 7a*ko

675

s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

panal // wasp ('s nest) panal // wasp ('s nest) panal // wasp ('s nest)

[tk] [tk] [tk]

========================================================================== GK *ch(')ub' USP USP QEQc&l

ch'ub' ch'ub' ch'ub'

avispa negra avispa amarilla avispa //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

QEQ QEQ

q'an-i chub' q'eq-i chub'

avispa amarilla avispa negra

[OKMA] [OKMA]

QEQcah QEQlan

r-ochoch ch'ub' r-ochoch i ch'ub'

panal // panal //

[TK71] [TK71]

========================================================================== GK *sita7al KCHn SAK KAQp PQMp SAK

sta7l sita7l xta"'l sito7l

avispa avispa avispa avispa

negra negra amarilla negra

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

q'an sita7l

avispa amarilla

[OKMA]

========================================================================== pM *kaab' YUK ITZ MOP MOP EpM(?Yu) EpM(Ch) pCh CHR CHR CHT CHL CHL TZO TZE TOJ

676

s

miel // honey abeja, colmena // bee s

kaab' kab' kab' kab' /kaab'/ /chaab'/ *chab' chab' cha7b' #chab ch@b' chab' chab' chab' chab'

s s s s s s s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

miel // miel de abeja miel de abeja miel // honey, bee honey // honey abeja; miel // miel de abeja azu*car, dulces // dulce // abeja; miel // miel // miel // abeja; miel //

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[K&N 69] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk]

677

CHJ CHJ QAN QAN POP MCH TUZ TEK MAM AWA KCH KCHn KCHk SIP TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l

chab' chab' kab' kab' kab' #cab ka:b' [1] kab'e kaab' kab' kaab' kaab' kaab' kab' kaab' kab' kab' kab' kab' kab' kaab' kaab' kaab' kaab' kab' kab' ka:b'

s

TUZ

kab'i:x

iv

KCHc

s s s s s s s

s

s s

abeja; miel // abeja abeja; miel // abeja abeja; miel // miel // colmena [ETR] // honey [ETR] dulce panela // panela // miel, panela, dulce // dulce abeja miel de abeja abeja miel // abeja dulce abeja miel de abeja abeja abeja panela, dulce // abeja abeja panela, dulce // miel 2. panela //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [st] [TK67-68] [OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

enmielar [ERH] // hands] to get sticky [from eating fruit [ERH]

[TK67-68]

us kaab'

abeja

[OKMA]

POP AWA TZU

sno7 kab' kaab' txuk rex kaab'

miel de abeja miel de abeja miel de abeja

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

WASw

tyab=tyam

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

pin*a //

========================================================================== GK "PERSON BEE" = `honeybee'; *winaq kaab' USP winaq kab' KCHq winaq kaab'

miel de abeja miel de abeja

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM+GQ "WATER of BEE" = `honey' CHJ yal chab' QAN yal kab' AKA yaal kab' MAMi t'al wiinaq IXL ta7l kab' KCHc uwa7al kaab' KCHk uwa7al kaab' QEQ xya7al kab' PQMp PQMj PCH

miel miel miel miel miel miel miel miel

riis kaab' riis kaab' riis kab'

de de de de de de de de

abeja abeja abeja abeja abeja abeja abeja abeja

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

miel de abeja miel de abeja miel de abeja

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM "WATER of TREE" = `honey'; *r-Ha7-aal tyee7 TEK ta7l tzee7 SAK ya7l che7 KAQp ruya7al che7

miel de abeja miel de abeja miel de abeja

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Chis *7aajaaw=kaab' TZE aja(w)=chab' TOJ aju=chab' AKA aw kab'

678

ss ss

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

abeja; miel de colmena // miel extranjera // abeja

[tk] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pM *(7ix=)kab' ITZ MOP MOP QAN AKA POP TEK MAMi AWA USP KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQw

[1] kib' kib' kib' ix=kab' ix=kab' ix=kab' x=kab' x=kab' x=kob' ix=kob' x=kab' ix=kab' ix=kab' x=kab' ix=kab' x=ka7 x=ka"' x=ka7 ix=kab' kab' kab' kab' ix=kab' kab'

s s

cera de abeja cera de abeja candela, vela cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera de abeja cera // cera de abeja cera //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

MAMc

t-x=kab'il oone

cera de abeja

[OKMA]

IXL QEQ

tx'ix=kab' x-wa kab'

cera de abeja cera de abeja

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= Chis #chab'ek' TZE TOJ CHJ MCH TUZ

679

chab'ek' chab'ek' chab'ik' kabech' kab'ech'

s s s s1

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

cera // cera // cera // cera // beeswax // beeswax [ETR] [ERH]

[tk] [tk] [TK67-68]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx FLY pM *7us YUK ITZ MOP pCh CHR CHR CHT CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP POP POP MCH MCH TUZ TEK TEK MAM MAMo MAMc MAMi AWA AWA IXL USP KCH KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP

680

#uz us us *7us us us #uz us us us us us us us us us us us us #us 77us 7us us us us uus us us us us us usum us us us us us us

s s s s s s s s s s s s s1a s1a s

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

mosquito, chaquiste // mosquito mosquito // gnat mosca // mosquito mosquito // mosquito // mosca // mosca // mosca // mosca // mosca mosca // mosquito mosca moyote // mosca mosquito mosca // mosca ~ mosco // mosco chiquito [ETR] // mosca mosquito mosquito // mosquito mosca mosca mosca // mosca mosca mosca mosca pequen*a, mosquito // mosquito mosquito mosca mosca mosca

[m] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 600] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQc KAQi

os us u"s us u"s us

mosca mosquito mosquito // mosquito mosquito mosquito

[OKMA] [OKMA]

PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ QEQw

utz' utz' utz' utz' utz' utz'

mosca mosca mosca, mosquito // mosca mosquito mosca, mosquito //

[OKMA] [OKMA]

PQMp PQMj PCH

k'aj utz' pi7 utz' kuk' utz'

mosquito mosquito mosquito

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

AKA MAMt MAMc AWA IXL

paa us ta7 us netz' us ne7xh us mutz' us

mosquito mosquito mosquito mosquito mosquito

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

SAK

ch'ete7n os

mosquito

[OKMA]

s

s s

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM "OFFSPRING of GNAT"; *r-aal 7us MAMi tal us KCHc ral +taq us KCHk ral +taq us SIP ral us

681

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

mosquito mosquito mosquito mosquito

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM+GQ "GREEN GNAT"; *ra7x(-a) 7us CHJ yax us AKA yax=a7 us AWA txa7x us USP rex usum KCHc rax-a us KCHk rax us PQMp rax utz'

mosca mosca mosca mosca mosca mosca mosca

verde verde verde verde verde verde verde

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pM *ha7h WASw pCh CHL TZO TZE CHJ POP POP PQMj PCH QEQw TOJ MAM

s jaj.nek *hah jaj ho ha ha7ay (ha)ha7 haha hah haah hay

mosca

y-al ja7 a7xin

s s s s s s s s s

mosca // // fly mosca verde // mosca,gusano // mosca, gusano // mosca // mosca // gusano mosca verde gusano // gusano //

s s

gusano // mosca //

[K&N 144] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GLL "GREEN FLY"; *ra7x=ha7h CHR yax=(j)a(j) CHR yax=aj CHR yaxax yax=aj TZE yax=ton ha ~ yax=tun ha PCH rax =haah PCH rex haa

682

s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

mosca mosca mosca mosca mosca mosca

// verde // // verde

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM+ *7a7jaan QAN QAN MAMt MAMo TZU

aja7 aja7 a7jan a7jin jaan

s

mosca mosca // mosca mosca mosca

[OKMA] [s] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

PQMp PQMj

sa7jaa7 sa7ha

gusano gusano

[OKMA] [OKMA]

MAMo MAMo TZU TZU

cha7x a7jin cha7x a7jin rex ajaan rex ajaan

mosca mosca mosca mosca

verde verde verde verde

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

MAMt MAMc MAMi

nin a7jan xky'il a7njin sal 7a7jan

mosca verde mosca verde mosca verde

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pM *kaach ITZ QAN KCH

akach katx s-kach

s s

mosca ta*bano // ta*bano //

[OKMA] [a]

========================================================================== GREEN DEERFLY pYu *ya7x kaach ITZ ya7ax akach MOP yax kach

mosca verde mosca verde

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== WM *chu7p CHL TZE TOJ

683

chup chup chu7p

s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

gusano // gusano de milpa // gusano //

[tk]

========================================================================== GM *7ix=chuq' < **tuq' TEK xh=chuq' MAMt xh=chuq' MAMo xh=chuq MAMc xh=chuq' MAMi xhuq' AWA xhuq' TEK MAMi

txa7-il chuq' txhuq'al tx'otx'

gusano gusano lombriz de tierra lombriz de tierra gusano lombriz de tierra

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

mosca verde lombriz de tierra

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GK+ #7amolooh AWA KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SAK KAQp KAQc KAQi

amluu7 amolo amalo amoloy amol amalaw amalo7 amolo7 amolo7

gusano mosca mosca gusano gusano mosca verde mosca mosca mosca

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== "GREEN GRUB"; Kp *ra7x 7amolooh KCHq rax amalo SIP rex amlow KAQp rex amalo7 KAQc ra"x amolo7 KAQi ra"x amolo7

684

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

mosca mosca mosca mosca mosca

verde verde verde verde verde

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== CM *jut TZO KCH KCHn KCHq TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi

xu(w)it #ix=jut xjut xujut juut jut jut jut

Hue *(7ix=)jut MCH MCH TEK MAMt MAMo

juch juch x=juch s=juch x=juch

685

s s

s1a

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

gusano // gusano // gusano gusano gusano gusano gusano gusano

[tk] [gm] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

nigua nigua // nigua nigua nigua

[tk] [TK67] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx WORM LL+WM+ *luqum YUK LAK ITZ MOP pCh CHR CHR CHT CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP QEQ QEQw cf.

POP WASw

#lucu7m rukum lukum lukum *lukum lukum lukum #lucum lukum lukum lukum lukum lukum lukum luqum luqum lujum lujhum lukum lukum [sic: from Ch'olan?]

s s s s s s s s s s s s

luqum yet tx'otx' nujum

lombriz lombriz lombriz lombriz // worm lombriz lombriz lombriz culebra lombriz lombriz barriga lombriz lombriz lombriz lombriz lombriz lombriz lombriz

// // de tierra de tierra // de tierra // // // // (sic) // // de tierra // de tierra de tierra // de tierra

lombriz de tierra lombriz //

[m] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 301] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== Kp *r-unum 7uleew KCHn rinum uleew KCHq rumun uleew SIP rmul ulew

lombriz de tierra lombriz de tierra lombriz de tierra

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== GLL *motzo7 YUK CHL QEQw QEQc&l

686

#motz motzo7 motzo7 motzo7

s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

lombriz de tripas // gusano // gusano // gusano //

[m] [TK71]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CUTWORM EM *pak' TEK

xh=pak'

MCH MAMt MAMo MAMi AWA

pak'anach x=pank'=na7tx x=panqa=na7ch x=pok'=na7tx x=puk'=na7tx

USP KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP QEQc&l

ix=pek'=pen ix=pak'=pan ix=pak'=paan x=pak'=paan x=pok'=pon pak'wan

gallina ciega s1b

gallina gallina gallina gallina gallina

ciega // ciega ciega ciega ciega

gallina gallina gallina gallina gallina gallina

ciega ciega ciega ciega ciega ciega //

[OKMA] [kind of caterpillar]

[TK67] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

========================================================================== LL #pujuy [areal] YUK pu7juy YUK #puhuy CHT #puhuj TUZ pujuy

687

s s s s1a

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

nighthawk gallina ciega, engan*a pastor // pa*jaro nocturno // tapacamino [ETR] //

[vb] [m] [m] [TK67-68]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx LOCUST pM #chikiriin [diffused] MOP chikiriin QAN tzeqelen MCH chikiri:n TUZ chikile:n TEK chinklii7 USP chikiriin KCHc chikiriin KCHk chikirin SAK chikrin TZU chikiriin PQMp chikiriin QEQcah chikirin QEQlan chikrin cf. PCH chiron

688

s1

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

chicharra chicharra chicharra // chicharra [ERH] // chicharra chicharra chicharra chicharra chicharra chicharra chicharra chiquiri*n // chiquiri*n // chicharra

[OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CRICKET, GRASSHOPPER pCM *chiil.. MOP pCh CHT TZE CHJ TEK MAM MAMt MAMo MAMc AWA PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l

cf.

689

PCH QEQ WASw

chil *chil #chili chil chilich txil txiil txil txiil xtxil txiil chili7 chili7l chili7 chili7 chili7 chili7l aj=tiij rax chili7 tx'ili7

s s s s s

s s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

grillo // cricket polilla // chapuli*n // grillo // grillo grillo // grillo grillo grillo grillo chapuli*n // grillo grillo chapuli*n // grillo //

[OKMA] [K&N 88] [m]

esperanza esperanza chapuli*n //

[OKMA] [OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

========================================================================== EM+ *xi7il QAN QAN AKA AWA IXL KCH KCH KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp

690

xil xil xilix txil xhi7l #xir xi7l xi7l xil xi7l xe7l xixil xi7l xi7l xi7l xi7l

s s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

grillo // grillo grillo grillo // grillo grillo, chicharra // grillo // grillo grillo grillo grillo grillo grillo grillo grillo grillo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [a] [OKMA] [gm] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pCM *lool MCH MCH

lo:l lo:l

TUZ AWA USP KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk TZU TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp

lo:l lool lol lool lool lool lool lool lool lool lol lor lol lool

691

s1 s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

gusano grande de palo de corcho gusano grande - verde y negro y amarillo - que se cri*a mucho contra palo en las fincas // [like geo*metra] gusano 'chichihueta' [ETR] // chicharra grillo grillo saltamontes, chapulin grillo esperanza esperanza esperanza saltamontes, chapulin esperanza esperanza esperanza esperanza

[tk] [TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pM *sahk' MOP MOP pCh CHR QAN QAN AWA IXL USP USP KCHn KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHc KCHk KCHk SIP SIP SAK SAK KAQp KAQp KAQi KAQi QEQ QEQ QEQc&l QEQcah QEQlan CHR

saak' saak' *sahk' sajk sak' sak' saak' sak' sak' sak' saak' saak' saak' saak' saak' saak' saak' sak' sak' sak' sak' sak' sak' sak' sak' saak' saak' rax i sahk' sahk' j=sahk'

s

sajk chumpi7

saltamontes, chapulin langosta // grasshopper esperanza saltamontes, chapulin langosta saltamontes, chapulin saltamontes, chapulin saltamontes, chapulin langosta langosta saltamontes, chapulin langosta saltamontes, chapulin langosta saltamontes, chapulin langosta saltamontes, chapulin langosta saltamontes, chapulin langosta saltamontes, chapulin langosta saltamontes, chapulin langosta saltamontes, chapulin langosta esperanza // chapuli*n, saltamonte // chapuli*n, saltamonte //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 451] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

saltamontes, chapulin

[OKMA]

========================================================================== Hue #tzuh AKA POP AWA

692

tz'uh tzuh tzuu7

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

esperanza esperanza esperanza

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx LOUSE pM *7uk' [2] WASw YUK LAK ITZ MOP MOP pCh CHR CHR CHR CHT CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN AKA POP POP MCH TUZ TUZ TEK MAMi IXL KCH KCHn KCHc KCHk SAK TZU KAQ KAQp KAQp KAQc

693

utx' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' *7uch' uch' uch uch #uch uch' uch' uch' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' 7uk' 7uk' [1] 7uk'=wi7 uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' u"k' uk' uk' uk'

s s s

s s s s s s s s s s s1a/s1 s1a s/aj

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

piojo // piojo // piojo // piojo de la cabeza piojo del cuerpo piojo de la cabeza // head louse piojo // piojo del cuerpo piojo de la cabeza piojo // piojo // piojo // piojo // piojo // piojo // piojo de la cabeza piojo // piojo de la cabeza piojo de la cabeza piojo // piojo de la cabeza piojo // piojo [ETR] // louse [ETR] // (with) a lousy head [ETR] piojo de la cabeza piojo de la cabeza piojo de la cabeza piojo // piojo de la cabeza piojo de la cabeza piojo de la cabeza piojo de la cabeza piojo de la cabeza piojo // piojo de la cabeza piojillo piojo de la cabeza

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [K&N 593] [OKMA] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67] [TK67-68] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

694

KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH PCH PCH QEQ QEQw QEQc&l

uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk' uk'

QEQcah QEQlan

molb' uk' x-k'ot i uk'

liendre // liendre //

[TK71] [TK71]

KCHq

q'eq uk'

piojo de la cabeza

[OKMA]

s

s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

piojo piojo piojo piojo piojo piojo piojo piojo piojo

de la cabeza de la cabeza de la cabeza // del cuerpo de la cabeza de la cabeza // //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71]

========================================================================== CM *saq 7uk' pCh QAN AKA MCH TUZ TEK MAM MAMt MAMt MAMc MAMc MAMi MAMi IXL USP KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SIP SAK SAK TZU KAQp KAQc PQMp PQMj PCH PCH QEQ MAMt MAMo MAMo

695

*s@k=s@k uch' saq uk' saj uk' saj=7u:k' saj=7uk' ~ saq=7uk' saquk' sq=uk' tzku7k' tzku7k' squk' squk' squk' sq'uk' saj uk' squk' saquk' saq uk' saq uk' saq-a uk' saq-a uk' squk' saq-a uk' soquk' ~ soqok' soquk' saquk' saq-a uk' saq='uk' saq uk' saq uk' saq=uk' saq uk' saq-i 7uk'

s s1b s1a s

s

ttxa squk' q'eq squk' saq squk'

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

// body louse piojo del cuerpo piojo del cuerpo piojo blanco // piojo blanco [ETR] [ERH] // piojo del cuerpo piojo // piojo de la cabeza piojo del cuerpo piojo de la cabeza piojo del cuerpo piojo del cuerpo piojillo piojo del cuerpo piojo de la cabeza piojo del cuerpo piojillo piojo del cuerpo piojo del cuerpo piojo del cuerpo piojo de la cabeza piojo del cuerpo piojo del cuerpo piojillo piojo del cuerpo piojo del cuerpo piojo del cuerpo piojo del cuerpo piojo del cuerpo piojo // piojillo piojo del cuerpo

[K&N 445a] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA]

piojillo piojo de la cabeza piojo del cuerpo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pYu "EGG of LOUSE" = `nit' ITZ je7 uk' MOP je7 uk'

liendre liendre

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM+GQ "SHIT of LOUSE" = `nit'; pM *u-tzaa7 7uk' CHJ ch'a7uk' QAN sa uk' AKA sa7 uk' POP stza7 uk' TEK xtxa7 uk' MAMt txa skuk' MAMo ttxa squk' MAMi txa uk' IXL txa7 uk' PQMp risaa7 uk' PQMj saa7 uk' USP KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi

re*chaq squk' rachaq uk' rachaq uk' rachaq uk' rachaq uk' rchaq uk' richaq ok' rachaq uk' rachaq uk' racha"q uk' racha"q uk'

liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre liendre

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== WM *lach' TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ QAN

696

lach' lach' lach' lach' latx'

s s s

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

piojo de gallina // piojo de gallina // piojo de gallina // piojillo piojillo

[tk] [tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pYu *p'aaj ITZ MOP

p'aj p'aj

piojillo piojillo

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM *si7s TEK MAMo MAMc AWA USP KCHc KCHk TZU KAQc QEQcah QEQlan QEQ

697

si7s xhi7xh si7s si7s

piojillo piojillo piojillo piojillo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

sison si7soon sisoon sisoom siso"n si7son sison sison

piojillo piojillo piojillo piojillo piojillo piojo de gallina // piojo de gallina // piojillo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [TK71] [TK71] [OKMA]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx SPIDER pM *7am [?diffused from Mije-Sokean *7a:mu] WASw 7aam YUK am CHR am CHR am CHR am CHT #am CHL am TZO om TZE am MCH #am MCH 7am TUZ 77am TEK am USP am KCH am KCHn am KCHq am KCHc am KCHk am KCHk am SIP am SAK am TZU am KAQ a"m KAQp om KAQc o"n KAQi a"n PQMp om PQMj am PCH am PCH am QEQ aj=7am, x=7am QEQ am cf. XNK 7aamu

698

s s s s s s s s s1a s1a s

s

s s

aran*a // aran*a // aran*a // aran*a tara*ntula (especie de aran*a grande) aran*a // aran*a // aran*a // aran*a // aran*a // aran*a // aran*a [ETR] // aran*a aran*a aran*a // aran*a aran*a aran*a aran*a tara*ntula (especie de aran*a grande) aran*a aran*a aran*a aran*a // aran*a aran*a aran*a aran*a aran*a aran*a // aran*a aran*a // aran*a aran*a

[mq] [OKMA] [OKMA] [m] [tk] [tk] [st] [TK67] [TK67-68] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

KCHc

nimaq am

tara*ntula (especie de aran*a grande)

[OKMA]

QEQc&l

am che:7

un palo //

[TK71]

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

QEQcah QEQcah QEQlan QEQlan QEQlan

(tap i) 7am tap i 7am kawaay (tap) 7am x-tap 7am kawaayo x-tap 7am kawa*ayo

aran*a // "yerba" // aran*a // "yerba" // "yerba" //

[TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71] [TK71]

========================================================================== pYu #toy ITZ MOP

toy toy

aran*a aran*a

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== pYu #chiwoj ITZ MOP EpM CHL

chiwoy chiwoj /chiwoj/ chiwoj ~ chiwo7

tara*ntula (especie de aran*a grande) tara*ntula (especie de aran*a grande) tarantula (tarantula)

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================== EM "ROLLER OF SHIT" = `dung beetle' TEK xmulu txaa7 MAMo xmolotxa KCHc tuktu7l achaq KCHk k'olk'a achaq SIP xkol ti7s SAK k'al qa7chaq KAQp muqul kis KAQc tela"y acha"q PQMp tehlam saa7 PQMj uhlam saa7

699

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

escarabajo escarabajo escarabajo escarabajo escarabajo escarabajo escarabajo escarabajo escarabajo escarabajo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% SPEECH & INTERACTION %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CM *q-o7nh [This is a shortened form of -oq [vi dependent] + o7nh [1p ABS], something like `let's', without saying the verb] YUK #coon expl !ven! // [m] CHL ko(n-i)x+la expl !va*monos! // TZE konik expl !va*monos! // CHJ konh expl !va*monos! // TUZ qu7 expl !va*monos! // [tk] TEK qo7 expl !va*monos! // [tk] TEK qo7o vamos (inclusiva) [OKMA] MAM qo7 expl !va*monos! // [tk] MAMc qo7 vamos (exclusiva) [OKMA] MAMi qoo vamos (inclusiva) [OKMA] MAMi qooya, qooky'a vamos (exclusiva) [OKMA]

700

IXL IXL

ko7on ko7on

vamos (inclusiva) vamos (exclusiva)

[OKMA] [OKMA]

ITZ ITZ MOP

ko7ox ko7oxe7ex (ko7one7ex) ko7ox

vamos (exclusiva) vamos (inclusiva) vamos (inclusiva)

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

MAMt MAMt MAMo MAMo MAMc

qo7qe qo7qe ma qo7qexe7 qo7qe7 qo7qa7

vamos vamos vamos vamos vamos

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

POP

tonh (?!)

expl

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

(exclusiva) (inclusiva) (exclusiva) (inclusiva) (inclusiva)

!va*monos ! //

========================================================================= GK *jo7 pCh *tuch' pCh *tuch' CHR tuch' YUK

#tuchhub

[from Ch'olan]

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

s s s s s nc nc

dedo // dedo (pulgar) // dedo (pulgar), jeme, cuarta // dedo // dedo // cuarta // cuarta //

s

cuarta; jeme //

vt vt

// to point out, to show mostrar con dedo //

[K&N 533]

s

dedo //

[m]

[tk] [tk] [TK71] [TK71]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx EM *k'u7 TEK MAM SIP KAQ

ojaw tk'un; oxik tk'un k'u7 xuk'u7 #k'un

MAM *k'uu7.V MAMt MAMo MAMi

ma txi tk'u7n matxi7 tk'u7n ma txi tk'uu7n

lo guardo*, lo retuvo lo guardo*, lo retuvo lo guardo*, lo retuvo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

maxsk'ub'e7 xsk'ub'aj

lo guardo*, lo retuvo lo guardo*, lo retuvo

[OKMA] [OKMA]

QAN AKA

706

v v

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

lo guardo*, lo retuvo [OKMA] guardar // lo guardo*, lo retuvo [OKMA] tener cuidado de las cosas de una sociedad //

========================================================================= Kp *yik KCHq KAQp KAQc KAQi

xuyiko xuya"k xuyi"k xuyik

lo lo lo lo

guardo*, guardo*, guardo*, guardo*,

lo lo lo lo

retuvo retuvo retuvo retuvo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= GK *k'ol USP KCHn KCHc KCHk SAK TZU KAQi QEQ

xajk'ol xuk'olo xuk'olo xuk'olo xik'alan xuk'ol xuk'ol xk'uula

lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo

guardo*, guardo*, guardo*, guardo*, guardo*, guardo*, guardo*, guardo*,

lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo

retuvo retuvo retuvo retuvo retuvo retuvo retuvo retuvo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= WM *tz'uq pCh POP MCH MCH

*tz'uk xtz'uqu tz'u:q-i' tz'uq-ba'

vt + P vt vt

GQ+ *tz'uq.V.b'(.al) QAN tz'uqb'al AKA tzujb'al KCHc tz'uqub'

707

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

// to point at; pointed lo tallo*, lo labro* (madera) amontonar // amontonar //

[K&N 587] [OKMA] [TK67] [TK67]

cincel cincel cincel

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx GQ *7is QAN QAN AKA POP POP MCH TUZ

isaj isaj isah isah isa i7s 7i7s

aj/s aj/s aj/s s/aj

haraga*n haraga*n haraga*n haraga*n haraga*n haraga*n jaraga*n

// // // [ETR] //

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [TK67-68]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx WAIT pYu #pak'.t ITZ MOP

tupak'taj upaak'taj

lo espero* lo espero*

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= Mp *7oy TEK MAMt MAMo MAMc MAMi

708

oo+ w-iy-on ma ku t-oy-o7n ma t-oy ma kub' t-y-o7n ma ay-oon

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

lo lo lo lo lo

espero* espero* espero* espero* espero*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

GK *7ooy.V.b'e USP KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMj PCH QEQ

~ *7ooy.V.7e xajreyb'eej x+ r-iye7eej x+ r-eye7j x+ r-oye7eej x+ r-oye7ej x+ r-oyb'ej x+ r-eyb'ej xurayb'eej x+ r-ayab'ej x+ r-oyob'ej x+ r-oyob'ej xu7ee ihruay7ie x+ r-uy7eej x+ r-oyb'eni

lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo

espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero* espero*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= Qp *7ech [1] QAN QAN AKA POP POP

ech maxyechwene7 xyexhb'aneh ech xechma

vt vt

esperar // lo espero* lo espero* esperar // lo espero*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= Chis *mah.la, etc. TZO mali ~ mala TZE mahliy ~ mahlay TOJ majla cf. TUZ mah.le7 cf. TUZ mah.b'e7

vt vt vt vt

esperar // esperar // esperar // cazarlo [ERH,-ETR] // buscar piojos [ERH] //

[tk] [tk] [TK67-68] [TK67-68]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx GLL *tzitz [2] YUK #tzitz TZE tzitz

709

v vt

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

bendecir // aconsejar //

[m] [tk]

========================================================================= pM *qanhaanh WAS* YUK CHL TZE CHL TZE

710

koo7 #canan x=k@nan kanan

sv v agt sv

cuidar cuidar, guardar // cuidador // cuidar, guardar //

//k@nt@// kanan.tay

vt vt

proteger // cuidar, guardar //

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

[m] [tk] [au] [tk]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx MISDEED WM *muul CHL TZO TZE TOJ CHJ CHJ CHJ QAN QAN QAN AKA AKA POP POP POP MCH MCH MCH TUZ

mul mul mul mul mul mul mul mul mul-ej mul-ej muul muul mul mul-e mul muul mu:l x-mu:l ERG-mu:l

s s s s s

s s1/s3 rel s

pecado, delito // pecado, delito // pecado, delito // delito // pecado, delito // delito pecado pecado, delito // delito pecado delito pecado pecado, delito // delito pecado pecado, delito // culpa // porque // delito; culpa [ETR] //

TOJ

aj=mul

s

puta //

CHL TZE

mul-an mul-an

vt vt

gustar, gozar // gustar, gozar //

[tk]

POP

x+ s-mul.nhe

lo dan*o*

[OKMA]

TUZ

mul.i-:n

pecar [ERH] //

[TK67-68]

s

s

iv

[tk] [tk] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [tk] [TK67] [TK67] [TK67-68]

========================================================================= GM *paaj MAMc IXL

711

t-paaj paav

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

delito delito

[OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= GK+ *mahk USP USP KCH KCHn KCHn KCHq KCHq KCHc KCHc KCHk KCHk SIP SAK SAK TZU KAQp KAQc KAQi PQMp PQMp PCH PCH PCH QEQ QEQ QEQw QEQc&l QEQc&l cf. MCH cf. MCH cf. TUZ CHR KCHn KCHc

712

j-maak maak #mac mak-aaj mak-aaj maak maak maak maak maak maak mak mak mak-aj iil maak mak mak mak maak maak mahk mahk mahk maak maak maak mahk mahk ma:k ma:k-a' mak.a7

s

s

s s vt vt

aj=makar aj=maak aj=maak

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

delito [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] pecado, culpa, deuda // [gm] delito [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] delito [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] delito [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] delito [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] delito [OKMA] delito [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] delito [OKMA] delito [OKMA] delito [OKMA] delito [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] culpa, pecado // delito [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] delito [OKMA] pecado [OKMA] culpa, pecado, causa // delito, culpa // [TK71] pecado // [TK71] // [gossip?] [TK67] hablar de, burlar // [TK67] hacer mismo gesto a otro igual; reir a uno, burlar [ETR]; desconocer // [TK67-68] preso, reo preso, reo preso, reo

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= pM *7iil `misdeed' MCH 7i:l TEK at t-iil MAMt at t-il MAMo il MAMo il MAMc iil MAMi iil MAMi iil AWA iil AWA iil KCH #il SIP il TZU iil TZU iil maak YUK pM *7ihl.i YUK pCh MCH TUZ TEK MAMt MAMo MAMo MAMc MAMi KCHc SAK

s3

s

delito // delito delito delito pecado pecado delito pecado delito pecado pena, pecado // pecado delito pecado

[TK67] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [gm] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [vb]

7i:l

aj

// short-tempered, fearful

#il *7ihl.i 7i:l-i' 7il.i7 wo+ t-iili-7 ok t-ili-7n ma tz'ok t-iili-7n ma tz'ok t-ili-l ma tz'ok tq'o7n t-iili-l ma b'aj t-ii7la-n x+ r-ili-j xak il

vi vt vt vt

enojarse // [m] // to hate [K&N 169] regan*ar // [TK67] insultarlo, ponerle un nombre impropio [ERH] // [TK67-68] lo regan*o* [OKMA] lo regan*o* [OKMA] lo regan*o* [OKMA] se apuro*, se dio* prisa [OKMA] se apuro*, se dio* prisa [OKMA] lo regan*o* [OKMA] se apuro*, se dio* prisa [OKMA] se apuro*, se dio* prisa [OKMA]

========================================================================= pYu *k'ey YUK ITZ MOP

713

k'ey tuk'e7yaj uk'eyaj

vt

Kaufman: preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary

to scold him lo regan*o* lo regan*o*

[vb] [OKMA] [OKMA]

========================================================================= EM *yaj AWA IXL USP KCHn KCHq KCHc KCHk SIP SAK

yaj kat iyaaj xajyaj xuyajo xuyajo xuyajo xuyajo xuyaj xiyajan

lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo

regan*o* regan*o* regan*o* regan*o* regan*o* regan*o* regan*o* regan*o* regan*o*

[OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA] [OKMA]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx WM *mon TZE TOJ MCH

mon mon nom

vt vt vt

cuidar nin*os // cuidar nin*os // cuidar nin*os //

[tk] [tk]

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx GTz+Was *ch'ab' WASw tx'ibpCh *ch'@b' TZO ch'ab'-i TZEn ch'ab' TOJ ch'ab'-an

aj vi vi p

callado // // silent callarse // callarse, cesar // callado //

[K&N 103] [tk] [sq]

========================================================================= WM+LL *k'ajb' YUK EpM pCh TZE CHJ QAN

714

#chhab [from Ch'olan]