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CLIPPING INTERNACIONAL NEGINT Brasília, 17 de abril de 2018

Índice I. OMC _______________________________________________ 2 WTO allows Brazil’s C Series complaint to proceed ______________________ 2 EU takes U.S. to WTO over steel, aluminum tariffs ______________________ 3 II. NEGOCIAÇÕES REGIONAIS E BILATERAIS _________________ 3 Japan is heading for a trade showdown with America ____________________ 3 III. OUTROS ____________________________________________ 6 El Mercosur y la Unión Europea reanudan negociaciones para poder firmar un TLC ___________________________________________________________ 6 Marcelo: “Próximos meses serão decisivos” para o projeto europeu ________ 7 Amazon in talks with airline Azul to ship across Brazil ___________________ 9

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I. OMC WTO allows Brazil’s C Series complaint to proceed The Globe and Mail (Canadá) Brazil has secured World Trade Organization backing to press its claims against Canada in a dispute over what it says are unfair subsidies for Bombardier Inc’s C Series jets, a preliminary WTO ruling published on Tuesday showed. Brazil launched the WTO dispute last year, saying the C Series had received $3 billion in federal, provincial and local subsidies. Canada objected, saying Brazil had unfairly broadened the case by including four claims that went beyond its original complaint. Those claims included regional programmes in Montreal and Quebec and Canada’s “superclusters” initiative which sought to invest up to $950 million over five years in highly innovative industries. Brazil said it had only found out about those four initiatives later, when the United States was investigating potential Canadian subsidies, and said their inclusion did not change the essence of the dispute. The United States imposed heavy duties on the CSeries jet last year in a damaging trade dispute with Boeing, prompting a sale of 50.01 per cent of the CSeries to Europe’s biggest aerospace group Airbus. In their preliminary ruling on the case, the three-person WTO dispute panel threw out Canada’s argument. “The panel agrees with Brazil that the four measures at issue fit within the scope and essence of the dispute as described by Brazil, so that the scope of the dispute is not expanded by Brazil’s panel request,” the preliminary ruling said. Canada had also argued that Brazil had failed to identify specific payments from Canada’s Centre technologique en aérospatiale (CTA), the National Research Council (NRC), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

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But the panel rejected that argument too. “We conclude that Canada’s and Québec’s provision of funding, technology transfer, inkind goods and services, and other support through the CTA, the NRC, and the NSERC is identified with sufficient particularity in Brazil’s panel request and therefore falls within the Panel’s terms of reference,” the panel said.

EU takes U.S. to WTO over steel, aluminum tariffs Xinhua (China) The European Union on Monday requested consultations with the United States at the World Trade Organization (WTO) over Washington's policy of imposing tariffs on steel and aluminum, WTO sources said Tuesday.

II. NEGOCIAÇÕES REGIONAIS E BILATERAIS Japan is heading for a trade showdown with America CNN (Estados Unidos) The United States and Japan trade $200 billion in goods and services each year. It's a vital relationship President Donald Trump wants to overhaul, but Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe isn't so keen. The two leaders are expected to talk about trade and other top issues such as North Korea during Abe's visit to Trump's Mar-a-Lago resort that starts Tuesday.

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Japan is the United States' fourth biggest trading partner and a key military ally in Asia. But Trump is unhappy about trade between the two countries, which he has described as "not fair" and "not open." Japan 'has hit us hard' Japan sells far more goods to the United States than it buys back, creating a surplus of nearly $70 billion at the end of last year. Countries that run big surpluses with the United States -- especially China, which has by far the biggest -- have been frequent targets of Trump's ire. He tweeted Friday that the United States is "working to make a deal" with Japan, which he said "has hit us hard on trade for years." That's a reference to the US government's desire to start talks on a free trade deal that would give American companies better access to the Japanese economy, the third largest in the world. But Japan's government, which was dismayed by Trump's decision to pull out of a huge Pacific free trade deal last year, has made it clear that it's in no hurry to sign up for bilateral negotiations with Washington. "When two countries negotiate, the stronger country gets stronger," Japanese Finance Minister Taro Aso said late last month, predicting that a bilateral trade deal would cause "unnecessary" pain for Japan. That's because Japan is eager to shield important industries like farming from foreign competition, experts say. Under current rules, agricultural imports into Japan face significant tariffs. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), the regional trade deal Trump pulled out of last year, would have helped lower those barriers for American farmers. Under pressure from Republican lawmakers and governors from farm states last week, Trump asked his top economic advisers to take another look at the TPP, which Japan and other countries revived after the US exit. Experts say the Trump administration would face big hurdles trying to get back into the pact, and Japan and other member countries responded cautiously to the idea last week. 4

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Threat of more tariffs Flirting with the idea of returning to the TPP could be part of Trump's efforts to pressure Japan into bilateral talks. The United States may also use the "threat of additional import duties as a bargaining tool to force Japan to sign a bilateral free trade agreement," said Marcel Thieliant, senior Japan economist at research firm Capital Economics. One way the Trump administration could inflict pain on the Japanese economy is by making it harder for Japanese automakers to export cars to the United States, according to Thieliant. But that may not make a big difference, since Japan's top car companies have huge factories in the United States, where they have been increasing investment for decades. There are other levers Washington could also seek to use. Unlike many American allies, Japan is still subject to new US tariffs on exports of steel and aluminum to the United States. Thieliant said the United States could use a possible exemption for Japan as a bargaining chip to move forward talks on trade. After renegotiating a free trade deal with South Korea, the Trump administration said South Korean exporters would be largely exempt from the new steel and aluminum tariffs. 'Japan is an open and free marketplace' Even a new trade agreement may not reduce America's trade deficit with Japan by much. Last year, the United States imported $40 billion worth of Japanese vehicles. Roughly $500 million of US-made vehicles went the other way. That yawning gap isn't the result of traditional trade barriers like tariffs. Experts say Japan has a fiercely competitive auto market where sales are declining and American cars have long been seen as ill-suited for Japanese consumers.

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Fiat Chrysler (FCAU), which has recently increased sales in Japan, says its success is the result of adapting to the local market. That includes adding features to its vehicles, such as wing mirrors that fold in quickly when parking. Pontus Haggstrom, the CEO of the company's Japan operations, said the country does have some unique requirements for testing and certification of imported vehicles. "It's a bit time consuming, but it isn't a sales inhibitor for us," he told CNNMoney. "The import tariffs were dropped in the 80s, so for all intents and purposes, Japan is an open and free marketplace."

III. OUTROS El Mercosur y la Unión Europea reanudan negociaciones para poder firmar un TLC BAE Negocios (Argentina) La próxima semana, entre el 24 y 27 de abril, se reanudarán en Bruselas las negociaciones entre el Mercosur y la Unión Europea (UE) con el objetivo de avanzar en diferentes capítulos para anunciar un Tratado de Libre Comercio este año. Fuentes gubernamentales y empresariales confirmaron a BAE Negocios que la cita será entre el martes y viernes de la semana entrante, con tres ejes centrales. Ellos son: la compleja discusión sobre el ingreso de carne vacuna, arroz y etanol al continente europeo; el debate en torno al aumento de las importaciones de vehículos y autopartes de la UE en el Mercosur; y una de las "líneas rojas" planteadas por el bloque sudamericano, como lo es el capítulo de las patentes científicas, ya sea medicinales, de bienes culturales, etcétera. Las opiniones son divergentes sobre las probabilidades que arroja esta cumbre. Algunas fuentes del Mercosur creen que se destrabarán buena parte de los obstáculos o las

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diferencias existentes; y otras calculan que será un encuentro más bien de carácter técnico sin logros importantes para exhibir. De todos modos, en este marco de incertidumbre y en especial en el sector industrial del Mercosur, se prepara la visita a Bruselas de referentes de diversas cámaras de fabricantes de manufacturas. La máxima aspiración es lograr el denominado el "next door", es decir que las autoridades de los cuatro gobiernos consulten a los empresarios sobre las necesidades u objeciones de los ejes que atraviesen la nueva ronda. Grieta en España A la postura contraria al acuerdo de los agricultores franceses, polacos e irlandeses, se sumó ayer el planteo del agro de la poderosa región de Andalucía, en España. Las negociaciones de la UE y el Mercosur ponen en vilo al agro andaluz, y su entidad más representativa, Asaja Sevilla, advirtió que podría tener consecuencias "nefastas para el vacuno, el azúcar, las frutas y las hortalizas españoles". Desde Asaja Sevilla se muestran contundentes, y aseguran que no se oponen a la firma de nuevos acuerdos comerciales "siempre y cuando se trate de acuerdos justos y equilibrados". De lo contrario, consideran que los mercados estarán sobreabastecidos y "eso afectará de sobremanera al sector español", explicó Ricardo Serra, presidente de la patronal agraria. Asimismo, el Comité Económico y Social Europeo (CESE) elaborará un informe sobre las preocupaciones que tienen los agricultores españoles.

Marcelo: “Próximos meses serão decisivos” para o projeto europeu Expresso (Portugal) "Tentarei ser breve e direto como os empresários gostam". Na plateia de um encontro empresarial ibérico estavam os empresários; na mesa dos oradores sentavam-se governantes, como o Ministro da Economia espanhol, Román Escolano, e o Ministro dos Negócios Estrangeiros, Augusto Santos Silva. E sentava-se Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, que, de visita a Madrid, não se cansou de sublinhar a importância das relações empresariais e económicas em Portugal e Espanha. 7

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Para cumprir a missão de ser breve e direto, o Presidente concentrou-se em frisar os timings europeus, lembrando que os "próximos meses serão decisivos", que as eleições europeias estão à porta (faltará sensivelmente um ano) e que há decisões em que Portugal e Espanha se devem mostrar como uma frente unida, como "lutar pelo acordo financeiro plurianual, pensar na coesão, na PAC, na união económica, financeira e bancária". Tudo com objetivos que também ultrapassam a economia: instituições mais fortes travam "populismos e tentações corrosivas do projeto europeu", e por isso é "muito importante que a Europa não adie decisões". "Sonhar com o nosso êxito numa Europa em crise ou compasso de espera é pura ilusão", garantiu o Presidente. "A Europa a crescer, criar emprego, proporcionar justiça social, é nuclear". E Espanha e Portugal devem avançar juntos nesse percurso, que fazem juntos desde que são democracias e fazem parte da União Europeia, lembrou Marcelo. Mas os objetivos do Presidente não se ficam pelas fronteiras do continente europeu. "Temos de ir mais longe fora da Europa" - mundo iberoamericano, lusófono, "esta é a ocasião". Portugal e Espanha precisam de "rapidez de concepção e execução". Até porque ambos defendem "um mundo mais aberto e protecionista, uma Europa mais unida e forte", sem "complexos de inferioridade ou superioridade recíprocos" - e "só por uma inaceitável distração ou falta de noção do essencial" não aprofundarão as articulações sobretudo económicas que os unem. AS PRIORIDADES NA UE Essas articulações foram referidas por António Saraiva, presidente da CIP também ali presente, que deu exemplos como o mercado europeu de energia, "que na Península Ibérica tem sido adiado", com prioridade para as interconexões nos Pirinéus entre Portugal, Espanha e França. Importante, segundo o presidente da confederação patronal, é também a defesa de uma "política comercial aberta ao mundo", com a "conclusão rápida de acordo ambicioso entre UE e MERCOSUR". "A prioridade é completar a união bancária e apresentar aos líderes [europeus] um pacote o mais completo possível, também com aspetos novos mas não menos importantes como uma estabilização da zona euro", defendeu o ministro espanhol da Economia, Indústria e Competitividade. E deixou apelos para que Portugal e Espanha aproveitem o "bom momento" que atravessam, assim como elogios à forma como 8

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ultrapassaram a crise (e ao facto de o "amigo" Mário Centeno ser agora o presidente do Eurogrupo). "Ambos enfrentamos hoje um bom momento económico, algo que parecia impossível há uns anos. Depois de sofrer uma dure recessão, é possível recuperação sustentável se se aplicarem as políticas adequadas", frisou, defendendo que as "reformas estruturais" são a base da recuperação. Mais elogios houve da parte da diretora-geral da Câmara de Comércio espanhola, Inmaculada Riera. "Portugal conseguiu superar recessão rápida graças a valentes decisões de política económica do seu Governo" e da atitude de "empresas e cidadãos". E tem agora "bases muito sólidas", com a saída do procedimento por défice excessivo e o "sector bancário estabilizado". "As 2200 empresas espanholas estabelecidas em Portugal e 400 portuguesas em Espanha contribuíram para esta rápida recuperação". Mesmo que ainda haja "muito a fazer".

Amazon in talks with airline Azul to ship across Brazil CNBC (Estados Unidos) Amazon is in talks with Brazilian airline Azul SA on shipping goods in the country, two sources with knowledge of the matter told Reuters, in the latest sign of the retailer's big plans in Latin America's largest economy. The talks with Azul, which serves over 50 percent more Brazilian airports than its nearest rival, are the strongest signal yet that Amazon is lining up distribution to sell products directly to consumers throughout the country. It also shows that the U.S. e-commerce company is serious about overcoming the nation's notorious logistical challenges, including shoddy roads, security problems and a national territory greater than the continental United States. Representatives for Azul declined to comment on the talks. Amazon said it did not comment on "rumors or speculation." 9

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The Seattle-based online retailer has so far waded slowly into Brazil's highly competitive e-commerce market, starting with e-book sales in 2012, adding physical books two years later and offering third-party sales of electronics in October. E-commerce accounts for around 5 percent of Brazil's roughly $300 billion retail market, about half its share in the United States. Yet Brazil's online sales have doubled in four years and are expected to grow at a double-digit pace in coming years. Currently, Amazon relies on third-party vendors to ship their own goods sold on its Brazilian website, but that appears to be changing. In February, Reuters reported that Amazon was looking to lease a 50,000-square-meter warehouse just outside Sao Paulo, in a sign the retailer may bring storage and distribution in-house. In March, Reuters reported that the company met with an array of manufacturers in Sao Paulo to discuss plans to stock and sell products directly. Both developments drove down shares in Brazilian e-commerce competitors, such as Magazine Luiza SA and B2W Companhia Digital SA. MercadoLibre has also fought Amazon tooth-and-nail in Mexico and Brazil. By partnering with Azul, Amazon would immediately gain access to a network of more than 100 airports in Brazil, implying its ambitions go far beyond metropolitan Sao Paulo. Azul has built up an 18 percent share of Brazil's domestic air travel market over the past decade by flying regional jets and turboprop planes into second- and third-tier cities underserved by other carriers. Azul's cargo unit, Azul Cargo Express, takes advantage of excess cargo capacity in its passenger flights to offer rapid delivery to locations ranging from far-flung Amazonian outposts to Brazil's major metropolitan centers. The company offers shipping to more than 3,200 municipalities, as well as a specialized e-commerce

service

known

as

Azul

Cargo

E-Commerce.

Azul's

hub,

Viracopos

International Airport, is about a 45-minute drive from the warehouse Amazon has been eyeing northwest of Sao Paulo.

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The sources, who requested anonymity as the negotiations are confidential, did not specify how advanced conversations were, nor did they say if the retailer has also engaged Azul's rivals. Competing airlines with Brazilian cargo operations include Latam Airlines Group SA LTM.SN and Gol Linhas Aereas Inteligentes SA. Neither responded immediately to requests for comment. Last week, Azul announced it has leased two Boeing freight aircraft "to support the rapid growth of its cargo business unit."

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