A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | LOS ANGELES METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

A P O R TR A I T OF CA L IFOR N I A 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 1 5

LOS ANGELES

METRO AREA CLOSE-UP San Jose (7.08) San Francisco (6.72)

Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62) San Diego (5.59) Sacramento (5.47)

5.44 HD INDEX

82.1

LIFE EXPECTANCY (years)

4.98

EDUCATION INDEX

$29,951 MEDIAN EARNINGS

The Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA metropolitan statistical area ranks sixth among the ten most populous metro areas in California in terms of well-being and access to opportunity as measured by the American Human Development Index. Its score of 5.44 out of a possible 10 is above the national average of 5.07.

Stockton (4.34)

The Los Angeles metro area comprises Los Angeles and Orange Counties and includes nineteen principal cities: Fountain Valley, Arcadia, Gardena, Monterey Park, Tustin, Newport Beach, Santa Monica, Carson, Burbank, Costa Mesa, Pasadena, Orange, Torrance, Glendale, Irvine, Santa Ana, Anaheim, Long Beach, and Los Angeles.

Fresno (3.96)

THIS CLOSE-UP IS A COMPANION TO A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014Ú2015, AVAILABLE AT WWW.MEASUREOFAMERICA.ORG.

Los Angeles (5.44)

Riverside– San Bernardino (4.59)

(3.69)

MEASUREOFAMERIC A of the Social Science Research Council

A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | LOS ANGELES METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

Los Angeles Today HOW HAS LOS ANGELES FARED SINCE THE GREAT RECESSION? Los Angeles is one of only four major metro areas in California that saw improvements in well-being and access to opportunity since the start of the Great Recession. Although earnings declined, the metro area gained almost a year and a half of life expectancy, and the proportion of the adult population with bachelor’s degrees or higher increased.

The American Human Development Index The American Human Development (HD) Index for California is a composite measure of well-being and access to opportunity made up of health, education, and earnings indicators. The Index is expressed on a scale from 0 to 10.

The Los Angeles Metro Area has made steady progress since 2008. San Jose

+0.13

San Francisco

+0.10

Los +0.08 Angeles Bakersfield

-0.01 A Long and Healthy Life is measured using life expectancy at birth, calculated with 2010–2012 mortality data from the California Department of Public Health and population from the A Longdata and U.S. Census Bureau. Healthy Life

Access to Knowledge is measured with school enrollment for those ages 3 to 24, and educational degree attainment for those 25 and older, with 2010–2012 data from the American Community Access to Survey, U.S. Census Bureau. Knowledge

A Decent Standard of Living is measured using median earnings of all full- and part-time workers 16 years and older from the American Community Survey, U.S. A Decent Census Bureau,of 2010–2012. Standard Living

Educational degree attainment

School enrollment

+ Health INDEX

Median earnings

-0.11 -0.15

+

Education INDEX

-0.03 -0.04

INDICATOR S

Life expectancy at birth

-0.02

Income INDEX

+0.05 RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento

Fresno

San Diego

Oxnard– Thousand Oaks

Stockton

CHANGE IN HD INDEX

3

American Human Development INDEX

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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | LOS ANGELES METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NEIGHBORHOOD BY NEIGHBORHOOD Los Angeles is divided into eighty-seven Census-defined neighborhood clusters. It has the largest gap in human development scores across these neighborhoods of the state’s ten most populous metro areas; the highest neighborhood Index score, in Redondo Beach, Manhattan Beach, and Hermosa Beach Cities, is four times that of the lowest, in South Central LA and Watts. The top-scoring neighborhood cluster has exceptionally high levels of educational attainment and earnings. Median earnings are more than twice those of the typical American worker. Nearly one in four residents have earned a graduate degree, compared to the California average of 11.3 percent. In contrast, the residents of Los Angeles City Southeast/East Vernon, Los Angeles City South Central/Watts, and Huntington Park City, Florence-Graham, and Walnut Park have health, education, and earnings levels on par with or below the average for the United States in 1970. Earnings for these bottom three clusters discouragingly low: residents earn considerably less than the U.S. median and some $15,000 less than the wages and salaries of the typical Californian. The South Central/Watts neighborhood cluster has the lowest HD Index score of any of the 265 neighborhood clusters in California.

Number of Neighborhood Clusters (fully or partially within each metro area) Stockton......................4 Bakersfield..................5 Oxnard– Thousand Oaks............6 Fresno.........................7 San Jose.....................15 Sacramento...............17 San Diego...................22 Riverside– San Bernardino..........30 San Francisco............34 Los Angeles...............87

LOS ANGELES AND ORANGE COUNTIES There are important human development differences between Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Los Angeles County scores slightly below the California human development average while Orange County beats the average by a fair margin. Residents of Orange County have significantly higher levels of educational attainment and earn almost $6,000 more a year than their metro-area compatriots in Los Angeles County. In health, Orange County residents can expect to live almost one year longer than Los Angeles County residents. Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster in Los Angeles HD INDEX

LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (years)

LESS THAN HIGH SCHOOL (%)

AT LEAST BACHELOR’S DEGREE (%)

GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL DEGREE (%)

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT (%)

MEDIAN EARNINGS (2012 dollars)

California

5.39

81.2

18.5

30.9

11.3

78.5

30,502

Orange County

6.07

82.7

16.2

36.9

12.7

81.0

33,994

Los Angeles County

5.20

81.8

23.6

29.5

10.2

79.0

28,176

1. Redondo Beach, Manhattan Beach & Hermosa Beach Cities

8.61

84.3

3.7

61.8

23.9

86.9

62,624

2. Calabasas, Agoura Hills, Malibu & Westlake Village Cities

8.49

84.8

3.1

59.0

27.7

90.8

54,081

3. Newport Beach, Aliso Viejo & Laguna Hills Cities

8.42

85.8

3.9

58.4

22.6

87.3

53,979

TOP 3 Neighborhood Clusters

BOTTOM 3 Neighborhood Clusters 85. Huntington Park City, FlorenceGraham & Walnut Park

2.66

79.3

60.7

4.4

1.0

73.6

17,990

86. LA City Southeast/East Vernon

2.30

79.0

64.2

3.4

0.6

73.6

15,658

87. LA City South Central/Watts

2.14

75.5

51.2

4.9

0.9

72.4

17,803

Source: Measure of America calculations using California Department of Public Health 2010–2012 mortality data and U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates and American Community Survey 2010–2012.

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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | LOS ANGELES METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster Palmdale

ANGELES NATIONAL FOREST

210

Burbank

Glendale

Pasadena Arcadia

5

Los Angeles TOPANGA STATE PARK

Monterey Park

Santa Monica

Gardena PACIFIC OCEAN

Torrance

105

Carson

605

Anaheim Orange

Long Beach HD INDEX 6.82–9.26 5.76–6.81 4.77–5.75 4.00–4.76 2.14–3.99

405

Santa Ana Fountain Valley Costa Mesa

Tustin Irvine

Parkland

Newport Beach

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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | LOS ANGELES METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BY RACE AND ETHNICITY Another lens for understanding access to opportunity is race and ethnicity. The HD Index varies considerably by racial and ethnic group. Asian Americans are in first place, with an Index score of 7.29, while Latinos, with a score of 4.11, fall in last place. African Americans, with a score of 4.68, are only slightly better off than Latinos. Due to the small population of Native Americans, data necessary to calculate an HD Index are not available. The range in median earnings across racial and ethnic groups, from $21,314 to $44,929, is particularly striking, with whites earning twice as much as Latinos. African Americans in the Los Angeles metro area earn $31,603. This figure is over $1,000 more than the typical Californian (of any race). The gap in life expectancy across groups is also worth noting. An Asian American baby born today in the Los Angeles metro area can expect to outlive an African American baby born the same day by 11.3 years. The Los Angeles metro area is considerably more racially and ethnically diverse than California as a whole. It has a higher share of foreign-born residents, Latinos, African Americans, and Asian Americans and a smaller share of whites than the state overall. No major California metro area has a sufficiently large Native American population to allow for reliable calculations of the HD Index at this level, unfortunately; the HD Index score for Native Americans in the state is 4.51.

Los Angeles Forecast: The Next Generation Although HD Index scores are a good proxy for potential risks to child well-being, the additional indicators on the following page help round out the picture of how the next generation will likely fare. These indicators track important factors that can aid or inhibit optimal child development; together they help shed light on the overall physical and social conditions children and youth are facing as they grow up in Los Angeles today. These factors, which operate “behind the scenes,” determine the degree to which children and youth in the metro area are sheltered from harm, have their fundamental needs met, and are able to build the capabilities required to flourish in the future. The indicators measure outcomes that can change relatively quickly and are thus responsive in the short term to new policies. Los Angeles has the second-highest percentage of babies born with low birth weights. On over one in every five days in 2013, poor air quality made playing outside unhealthy. The prevalence of low-wage jobs coupled with the scarcity of affordable housing mean that an unacceptably large share of children are growing up in financially stressed families. The level of income inequality in Los Angeles is the highest of all the California metro areas. Extreme income inequality and family stress have been linked to poor physical and emotional health. Taken together, these indicators suggest that too many children and youth in Los Angeles face serious challenges to their well-being. WWW.MEASUR EOFA M ERICA . O R G

Racial and Ethnic Makeup of the Los Angeles Metro Area

44.7% Latinos 31.2% Whites 14.7% Asian Americans 6.6% African Americans 2.6% Two or More Races or Some Other Race 0.2% Native Americans

These indicators track important risks that children and youth are facing as they grow up in Los Angeles today.

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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | LOS ANGELES METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

Forecast Indicators: The Next Generation

RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)

NEWBORNS WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

AIR QUALITY

(% of births less than 5.5 lbs.)

(# of unhealthy days per year)

NO HEALTH INSURANCE (% of residents)

GREEN SPACE (square miles per 100,000 residents)

DISCONNECTED YOUTH

PRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT

HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUT

(% of 3 and 4 year olds)

(% of cohort)

(% 16-24 year olds not working or in school)

1. San Jose 2. San Francisco

58.7

11.1

11.6

60.3

12.9

12.3

3. Oxnard

51.7

10.7

10.4 11.9

RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)

1. San Jose 2. San Francisco

6.9

8 7

11.9 11.9

26

7.0

3. Oxnard

6.2

5

16.3

121

4. San Diego

6.5

19

17.3

65

4. San Diego

49.3

9.2

5. Sacramento

6.7

35

13.4

80

5. Sacramento

49.2

9.5

14.3

6. Los Angeles

7.1

80

21.4

12

6. Los Angeles

53.6

11.4

14.1

7. Riverside–San Bernardino

6.8

130

20.8

418

7. Riverside–San Bernardino

37.6

11.2

18.2

8. Stockton

7.0

30

17.5

3

8. Stockton

40.7

12.3

21.0

9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield

7.8 7.0

109 100

20.4 20.7

256 242

9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield

38.4 34.9

14.6 16.2

19.4 24.2

18

Sources: California Department of Public Health, 2010 Birth Records; Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality Index Report 2013; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010–2012, Table DP03; California Protected Areas Database.

UNEMPLOYMENT RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)

(% 16 years old and older)

EARNING UNDER $25,000/YEAR

INCOME INEQUALITY

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010–2012, Table S1401 and analysis of 2010–2012 PUMA microdata; California Department of Education cohort dropout rate.

RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)

AFFORDABLE HOUSING (% who spend less than 30% of income on housing)

AVERAGE COMMUTE TIME

VIOLENT CRIMES

(minutes/day)

(per 100,000 residents)

58.5

26

274

55.2

30

551 198

(% of full-time workers)

(gini)

1. San Jose 2. San Francisco

5.3

13.1

0.47

5.0

13.4

0.49

1. San Jose 2. San Francisco

3. Oxnard

5.9

21.0

0.44

3. Oxnard

53.9

25

4. San Diego

5.8

20.4

0.47

4. San Diego

50.9

25

374

5. Sacramento

6.7

17.7

0.45

5. Sacramento

54.7

25

441

6. Los Angeles

7.2

24.8

0.49

6. Los Angeles

48.6

29

393

7. Riverside–San Bernardino

8.0

23.8

0.44

7. Riverside–San Bernardino

51.3

31

369

8. Stockton

10.3

20.0

0.46

8. Stockton

53.2

30

889

9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield

10.5 10.1

29.4 29.0

0.48 0.46

9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield

54.2 57.6

23 24

540 579

Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2001 and B19083.

WWW.MEASUR EOFAM ERICA . O R G

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2503 and S0802; FBI Uniform Crime Reports 2012.

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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | LOS ANGELES METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

Human Development in Los Angeles at a Glance Los Angeles in the National Context

Human Development in California's Ten Most Populous Metro Areas San Jose (7.08)

5.07

UNITED STATES HD INDEX

5.39

CALIFORNIA HD INDEX

TOP 5 Neighborhood Clusters

8.61

Redondo Beach, Manhattan Beach & Hermosa Beach Cities, LA County

8.49

Calabasas, Agoura Hills, Malibu & Westlake Village Cities, LA County

8.42

Newport Beach, Aliso Viejo & Laguna Hills Cities, Orange County

8.38

Rancho Santa Margarita City (East) & Ladera Ranch, Orange County

8.24

LA City Central and Pacific Palisades, LA County

BOTTOM 5 Neighborhood Clusters

3.07

East Los Angeles, LA County

3.03

LA City South Central and Westmont, LA County

2.66

Huntington Park, Florence-Graham & Walnut Park, LA County

2.30

LA City Southeast/ East Vernon, LA County

2.14

LA City South Central/ Watts, LA County

5.44

LOS ANGELES HD INDEX

San Francisco (6.72)

Race/Ethnicity 10 (HD INDEX MAXIMUM)

Asian Americans 7.29

Whites 6.86

African Americans

Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62) San Diego (5.59) Sacramento (5.47)

Los Angeles (5.44)

4.68

Latinos 4.11

Riverside– San Bernardino (4.59) Stockton (4.34)

Fresno (3.96) 0 (HD INDEX MINIMUM)

Bakersfield (3.69)

Measure of America is a nonpartisan project, founded in 2007, of the Social Science Research Council. It creates easy-to-use yet methodologically sound tools for understanding well-being and opportunity in America and stimulates fact-based dialogue about these issues. Through hard copy and online reports, interactive maps, and custom-built dashboards, Measure of America works closely with partners to breathe life into numbers, using data to identify areas of need, pinpoint levers of change, and track progress over time. For policymaker and press inquiries: Eric Henderson, Chief of Advocacy and Media [email protected], (718) 517-3606.

MEASUREOFAMERICA of the Social Science Research Council