THE ESSAY Un ensayo, es un documento formal, es una opinión personal sobre un tema determinado que contiene argumentos a favor y en contra del tema en cuestión y acaba con una conclusión. Los ensayos son tareas comunes para cursos de inglés en la secundaria y en la universidad. Si bien escribir un ensayo para una clase de inglés puede parecer abrumador, no tiene que serlo. Si te das suficiente tiempo para planificar y desarrollar tu ensayo, no tendrás que estresarte por ello. Antes de empezar a escribir, es importante reunir todas las notas, libros u otros materiales que necesitarás para responder a la tarea del ensayo. El respaldo es esencial para un ensayo de inglés efectivo, así que no trates de escribir tu ensayo sin estos materiales. Si tienes tiempo, lee tus notas antes de empezar. Asegúrate de tener también el esquema a la mano. Puedes basarte en el esquema que creaste para ayudarte al redactar tu ensayo. El ensayo tiene 4 partes: 1. INTRODUCCION: la introducción consta de partes Generalidades: esta parte da inicio a la introducción del primer párrafo, aquí se escribe ideas generales en relación al tema para terminar definiéndolas en la tesis. ThesisLa tesis es uno de los elementos más importantes de un ensayo. Un enunciado de tesis resume el argumento o la postura principal del ensayo en una oración. Les permite a los lectores saber lo que el ensayo intentará mostrar o probar. Todo en tu ensayo debe estar conectado a tu tesis de una forma directa. 2. BODY : tiene usualmente 2 partes: Body 1 y Body 2. Aquí se desarrollan las ideas de la tesis y se elaboran los 2 párrafos en relación al tema a desarrollar. Es aconsejable hacer un esquema con las ideas y argumentos en contra o a favor que vas a desarrollar. Cada grupo de ideas deberán presentarse de forma conjunta y coherente formando diferentes párrafos. Por ejemplo: un primer párrafo con argumentos a favor y un segundo párrafo con argumentos en contra. Hay que usar conectores formales, por ejemplo: on the one hand (por un lado), on the other hand (por otro lado) o by contrast (por el contrario).
3. THE CLOSING Se trata de la conclusión final. En dos o tres frases tenéis que resumir a qué opinión final habéis llegado en base a los argumentos descritos anteriormente en el cuerpo del ensayo. Consejos:– podemos acabar con una pregunta: In conclusion, can we rely on exams to test our knowledge? … y a partir de ahí desarrollar la opinión final. – Siempre usar un lenguaje formal y apropiado.
EXPRESIONES MUY ÚTILES EN INGLÉS PARA ENSAYOS (Useful language for essays) Saying what people think
Some/ many people feel that…
Others argue that…
One/ Another point of view is that…
It is sometimes said/ claimed that…
It is widely believed that…
It is generally agreed that…
Expressing your opinion
I personally feel that…
I firmly believe that…
I partly/ fully agree that…
In my opinion…
Expressing contrast
However, …
… whereas…
Having said that, …
Making additional points
In addition to…
Furthermore, …
Moreover, …
What is more, …
El ensayo es aquel género literario que no pretende abordar un tema en su totalidad sino por proponer y defender la visión personal del autor sobre el mismo. Es por esto que posee un carácter subjetivo. Recuerda que El ensayo es impersonal porque va dirigido al publico por lo tanto debes usar pronombres impersonales (They, the people, the teachers, everybody, someone, one). Como es un documento formal es importante dejar una sangría en la primera línea de cada párrafo.
Los ensayos generalmente constan de 4 cuerpos:
1 . INTRODUCCIÓN
- Primer párrafo:
La introducción tiene 2 partes: ideas generales t tesis. Las ideas generales se refieren al tema en general y la tesis es cuando conviertes un tema general en un tema específico aquí se aplica lo dicho “DE lo general a lo particular”.
Un ejemplo práctico es por ejemplo el tema de la televisión; la televisión es un tema muy amplio para escribir y para delimitarlo. Si en el task te preguntan ¡Crees tú que la TV trasmite violencia porque no hay control? Aquí tendrías que hablar de la violencia general pero la delimitarías diciendo que es peor aun la violencia de niños
OBSERVA EL EJEMPLO DE INTRODUCCION Water is an integral part of not only human beings but also all other creatures in the world. But, at present, the world is facing an imminent disaster which not many people want to become aware of and the truth is that the world is running out of it at an alarming rate. I think that to solve this water scarcity people have to change attitude toward water conservation and change water use habits.
General ideas
Thesis
.2
- BODY: el body tiene 2 cuerpos:
body 1 y body 2
El cuerpo de un ensayo se caracteriza por ser más largo que la introducción. Un cuerpo en un ensayo tiene aproximadamente de 6 a 8 lineas y sustenta la primera idea de la tesis. manteniendo siempre el orden de las partes de un párrafo.
OBSERVA EL EJEMPLO DE BODY 1 TOPIC SENTENCE
………………To begin with, people have to change their attitude toward water conservation since this is a prerequisite to survive in this planet. In fact, People have to be aware that water nourishes the food they eat and the resources they depend on.
SUPPORTING DETAILS
What’s more, Water conservation means using limited water supply wisely and properly since failing water conservation will result in inadequate healthy water supply which eventually will lead in drastic consequences like: rising costs, reduced food supplies, health diseases and water contamination. For these reasons, water should be
CONCLUSION
considered a sacred Earth’s element for future generations .
OBSERVA EL EJEMPLO DE BODY 2 El body 2 responde al segundo punto de la tesis, en este caso corresponde desarrollar el tema en relación a change water use habits. Aquí se mantiene las 3 partes del párrafo y discute una sola idea en este caso la idea , en este caso la idea es : change water use habits. Todo párrafo en un ensayo debe empezar con una transición o conector como empeze el primer párrafo con “To begin with” ahora en el segundo tendre que empezar “To continue with”
TOPIC SENTENCE
………………To continue with, people have to change their water use habits in relation to water conservation. This is true since there is a lot of water waste in the world but it has to change by paying attention on how and when use water to reduce unnecessary water
SUPPORTING DETAILS
waste. It is known that every day people rely on water for a wide variety of uses around the house. There are lots of opportunities to cut back on water use, for example: in the kitchen, bathroom, laundry room and even by fixing leaks. As a result, I believe that changing the people’s water use habits can help to take water conservation seriously,
CONCLUSION
both globally and at a personal level.
3 - CONCLUSION: La conclusión es el último párrafo, tiene 2 partes y se distribuye así: Las 2 primeras líneas son para reafirmar tu opinión en la tesis y después las 3 líneas restantes son para dar una sugerencia, una opinión, un consejo, para hacer una predicción o para dejar una pregunta abierta al lector.
OBSERVA EL EJEMPLO DE CONCLUSION Summary of main ideas
A suggestion
……………. To conclude,I firmly believe that changing attitude toward water conservation and changing water use habits, will definitely help to avoid water shortage in the global planet. To protect Earth’s water implies to be responsible on the way people’s use water in their daily life . So I advice people to reflect about the importance of changing their attitude towards water to conserve its quality, freshness and pureness for today’s world and for the future generations
OBSERVA EL SIGUIENTE EJEMPLO DE WRITING EXAM
Task: ESSAY
Scientists predict that within 50 years, our planet will no longer be able to sustain life if the current rate of pollution does not change. Choose two types of pollution you consider should be more urgently tackled (e.g., air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, electromagnetic pollution, solid wastes, chemical pollution, etc). Write an essay about ways to reduce these two kinds of pollution. State your opinion and support it with two cleararguments.
Después de leer el TASK procedes a desarrollar tu esquema con la información pertinente para organizar tu ensayo. Observa el esquema del siguiente ensayo
THE WRITING PROCESS PLANNING: ESSAY OUTLINE
Estas son las partes de un esquema de ensayo, esto te ayudara a orientar tu texto y evitar salirse del tema
ESSAY OUTLINE PLANNING INTRODUCTION
General ideas. Scientists predict that within 50 years, our planet will no longer be able to sustain life if the current rate of pollution does not change. thesis I think pollution is everywhere but in my opinion the most serious problems we have to tackle with are: air and water pollution .
To begin with, Water pollution is one of the world's worst forms of pollution Supporting ideas: ex Concluding sentence For these reasons, it is necessary to keep the water clean to prevent contamination and diseases
BODY
To continue with, air pollution is another serious problem that people are facing in today’s world. Supporting ideas: ex Concluding sentence As a result, the government has to take immediate actions to preserve the quality of air that people breathe.
CONCLUSION
Thesis restatement ON THE WHOLE, I firmly believe that water and air Pollution are causing a terrible damage to the world. GENERAL IDEAS Opinion, suggestion, prediction, promise, etc Thus, I predict that if the environmental protection policies are not followed seriously, the increasing level of air pollution may increase up to one million tons annually and will kill many people in the future decades.
Como ves en el esquema solo se pone las ideas principales, no necesitas llenar todo. La introducción es vital que pongas una idea general y que coloques tu tesis. En el cuerpo considera solo el topic sentence para cada body y en la conclusión solo tu opinión
THE ESSAY
Inroduction has 5 or 6 lines
Body 1 Has 6 -8 lines
Body 2 has 5 or 6 lines
Conclusion has 5 or 6 lines
Pollution is an issue of concern in the modern world since it is one of the worst threats to the human race on this planet today. Pollution will undoubtedly affect the people’s quality of life and can cause various negative effects. Scientists predict that within 50 years, our planet will no longer be able to sustain life if the current rate of pollution does not change. I think pollution is everywhere but in my opinion, the most serious problems we have to tackle with are water and air pollution.
To begin with, Water pollution is one of the world's worst forms of pollution. In fact, it is known that almost 70% of the earth's surface is covered by water and any change in its normal content could affect local, regional, and worldwide water. However, they are the people the ones who contaminate the water by littering, by leaving plastic leftovers or by spilling black oil from ships. The best picture of this is when one looks at a glass of water, It may appear clear, but the truth is there are millions of microscopic pollutants floating on it. For these reasons, it is necessary to keep the water clean to prevent contamination and diseases.
To continue with, air pollution is another serious problem that people are facing in today’s world. We find it indoors, when people smoke, and outdoors, where motor vehicle exhaust pollutes the air. For years, scientists have been warning that polluted air is a risk for the negative effects it can bring to people’s health. However, it seems these warnings are not being taken acutely enough. The truth is that air pollution is growing worse, especially in compactly populated societies, the nature, the fauna and the environment. As a result, the government has to take immediate actions to preserve the quality of air that people breathe.
ON THE WHOLE, I firmly believe that water and air Pollution are causing a terrible damage to the world. I do really think it is urgent to make people aware of the problem to teach them how to preserve the water for today and for the future. Thus, I predict that if the environmental protection policies are not followed seriously, the increasing level of air pollution may increase up to one million tons annually and will kill many people in the future decades.
