Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Identidad, exclusion y racismo: reflexiones teoricas y sobre Mexico (Identity, Exclusion and Racism: Theoretical Considerations) Author(s): Olivia Gall Source: Revista Mexicana de Sociología, Vol. 66, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 2004), pp. 221-259 Published by: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3541457 Accessed: 08/12/2009 18:24 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=unam. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

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Identidad, exclusi6n y racismo: reflexiones te6ricas y sobre Mexico OLIVIAGALL* Resumen: Se analiza el tema del racismo tanto desde el punto de vista tedrico-en fundamentalmentecon sus logicas referencia centralesy en su relaci6n con la modernidad- comodesdeel de sus manifestaciones concretasen Mexico. Para ello, se revisan algunos conceptoscentralespara ubicar el problemade la raza consideradacomo una construcci6n social, frente a otras construccionessociales centrales:la etnicidady el genero.Talesconceptosson la igualdad, la identidad-otredad,la intolerancia,la exclusi6n y la discriminaci6n.Despues trata de demostrarhasta que punto en Mexico el racismoanti-indigena,a pesar de habersido negado durante tantas decadastras el mito del mestizaje,es un fenomenoclaroy de gran peso social; y, finalmente, de que maneras concretasse ha entretejidoen Mexico el racismocon la discriminaciondegenero,lo cual ha hecho de las indigenas mexicanas los seresmdsexcluidosdelgocede la ciudadania.

Abstract: This article analyzes the issue of racism from a theoretical standpoint (referringmainly to its centrallogic and its relationshipwith modernity)and its specific manifestationsin Mexico. To this end, the author reviews certain central conceptsin orderto situate theproblemof raceregarded as a social construction,in relation to other centralsocial constructions,namelyethnicity and gender.Theseconceptsinclude equality, intolerance,exclusionand identity-otherness, discrimination. The author then tries to prove the extent to which, despite having been hiddenfor decadesbehind the myth of miscegenation, anti-indigenous racism in Mexico is a definite phenomenonwith an enormous social importance. Finally, she exploresthe specific ways in which racism has been interwoven with gender discrimination in Mexico, which has meant that Mexican indigenous women are one of thegroupswith leastaccessto citizenship.

Palabrasclave:racismo; etnicidad; mestizaje, intolerancia; discriminaci6n de g6nero. Keywords:racism; ethnicity; miscegenation; intolerance; gender discrimination. I. LAS PARADOJASDE LA IGUALDAD

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NA CANTIDAD CONSIDERABLE DE ciudadanos

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hablamos hoy insistentemente acerca de la necesidad de erradicar de manera consciente y activa la exclusion, la * Doctora en Ciencia Politica. Instituto de Estudios Politicos, Grenoble, Francia. Investigadora del Programa de Estudios sobre la Equidad del Centro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias (CRIM)de la Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico (UNAM). Temas de especializaci6n: Historia de Mexico: 1910-1940; Discriminaci6n; Intolerancia; Racismo. Nimero de telefono: (55) 55-73-51-00. Fax: unam.mx>. 55-13-84-96. Correo electr6nico: