Entry | Grammar Lesson 61 LEVEL 5

Lesson 61 : Partial negation and Complete negation Lesson 61 : Partial negation and Complete negation

Reading (Reading)

Not all my brothers are at home.

All my brothers are out.

Some are and some are not.

None of my brothers are at home.

（Not all my brothers are at home.

（All my brothers are out.

Some are and some are not.）

None of my brothers are at home.）

Not both of my parents are retired. (One is retired and the

Both my parents are retired.

other is not.)

Neither of my parents is working.

（Not both of my parents are retired. One is retired and the other is not.）

（Both my parents are retired. Neither of my parents is working.）

Not both of my parents are in Tokyo. (One is in Tokyo, the other is not.)

Neither of my parents is in Tokyo.

（Not both of my parents are in Tokyo.

（Neither of my parents is in Tokyo.）

-

One is in Tokyo, the other is not.)

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Entry | Grammar Lesson 61 LEVEL 5

Not both of them are scientists. (One is a scientist, the other is not.) （Not both of them are scientists. One is a scientist, the other is not.）

Not all countries in the world have enjoyed freedom of the press. (Some countries have enjoyed, some have not.) （Not all countries in the world have enjoyed freedom of the press. -Some countries have enjoyed, some have not.）

I do not like both of these paintings. (I like one of the paintings, while I don’t like the other one.)

Neither of the two is a scientist. （Neither of the two is a scientist.）

No country in the world has enjoyed freedom of the press. （No country in the world has enjoyed freedom of the press.）

I like neither of the paintings. （I like neither of the paintings.）

（I do not like both of these paintings. -I like one of the paintings, while I don’t like the other one.)

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Entry | Grammar Lesson 61 LEVEL 5

Grammar focus (Grammar focus)

When the absolute extreme words such as all, every, both, always, and necessarily are used with “not”, the word is negated partially – this is called “Partial Negation”. For example, “not+all” means “some are, but some aren’t”.

E.g.) Not all my brothers are at home. = Some of my brothers are at home, and some of my brothers are not at home. (Not all my brothers are at home. = Some of my brothers are at home, and some of my brothers are not at home.)

On the contrary, “Complete Negation” can be expressed by the following methods: １）By using “No” or “None” E.g.）No one is going to the party. （No one is going to the party.） None of my friends are going to the party. （None of my friends are going to the party.）

２）By using “Not + either/neither” E.g.）I do not like either of the paintings. （I do not like either of the paintings.） I like neither of the paintings. （I like neither of the paintings.）

３）By using “Not + any” E.g.）I do not have any money. （I do not have any money.）

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Entry | Grammar Lesson 61 LEVEL 5

Speaking (Speaking)

1) I do not know every one of your friends. （I do not know every one of your friends.）

2) Not everybody can be a poet. （Not everybody can be a poet.）

3) Not all of those books were written by him. （Not all of those books were written by him.）

4) Not both of them are my brothers. （Not both of them are my brothers.)

5) Not all people are happy. （Not all people are happy.)

6) Not all of them are good. （Not all of them are good.） 7) Not both of these pens are mine. （Not both of these pens are mine.）

8) He was not always that fortunate. （He was not always that fortunate.） 4 Copyright © since 2013 Engoo All Rights Reserved.

Entry | Grammar Lesson 61 LEVEL 5

9) I do not know both of them. （I do not know both of them.）

10) Not every scholar can be a good teacher. （Not every scholar can be a good teacher.）

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Entry | Grammar Lesson 61 LEVEL 5

Gap Filling (Gap Filling)

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

1)

that shines

a diamond.

(Not all that shines is a diamond.) 2) All the students are here. I

know all of them; I know only

some of them. (All the students are here. I do not know all of them; I know only some of them.)

3)

of our questions

answered by science.

(Not all of our questions can be answered by science.) 4) Friendships

always last forever.

(Friendships do not always last forever.)

5)

every horse can run fast.

(Not every horse can run fast.)

6)

understood his explanation.

(No one understood his explanation.)

7)

windows

open.

(Not both windows are open.)

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Entry | Grammar Lesson 61 LEVEL 5

the book.

8)

(Not everybody likes the book.) 9) Everybody in the group

like him.

(Everybody in the group doesn't like him.)

10)

trusts him.

(No one trusts him.)

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Entry | Grammar Lesson 61 LEVEL 5

Translating (Translating) Translate these sentences into English.

1) Not all birds can fly.

2) I don’t want either of them.

3) Not everybody goes swimming. / Everybody doesn’t go swimming.

4) Not all parents love their children.

5) I haven’t read both books.

6 ) I am not always cheerful.

7) Not everything can be done. / We cannot do everything.

8) Not both of their children have been lost.

9) Not every bird can sing.

10) Not everyone is as busy as she is.

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