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La reseña histórica se basa en los autores citados y en los registros de Coninagro, den la legislación de la Junta Nacional de Granos y en las entrevistas realizadas a informantes claves de las instituciones agropecuarias (JNG, empresas exportadoras de cereales y centros de acopiadores de granos).



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2

Lo que suele generar problemas externos al mercado granario que influyen en la determinación de los precios.



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14 Consultado el Dr. Moore de la Serna acerca de porqué la gestión habría seguido ese cauce responde que “la JNG era un obtáculo para el comportamiento de las empresas transnacionales de comercio de granos” a las cuales les es indiferente a qué país le venden y a cuál le compran. 15 En varias instituciones creadas a tal fin, es posible encontrar funcionarios que aún no conocen exactamente qué parte del control les corresponde realizar puesto que “está tan desregulado que todo lo hacen las exportadoras”.



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16 En una circular enviada a Coninagro (26/09/91) puede leerse: “se realizó el remate de las instalaciones de Puerto Madero de la JNG. Lote I: comprende el desarme, demolición, retiro de materiales y posterior relleno



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17 Terminales Portuarias Argentinas S.A. es un consorcio integrado por Autotransporte Antártida ATA S.A., Mijack Products Incorporate, Arpetro S.A. y Rogge Marine Consulting G.M.B.H. 18 Buenos Aires Container Terminal Services S.A. es un consorcio integrado por BI S.A. (del grupo económico Bemberg), H. Bouzas & Cía. S.A. e International Container Terminal Services Inc.



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La venta de las tierras sucedió tanto por la presión de las deudas y como porque el momento coincidió con momentos de precios excepcionalmente alto de las mismas. 22 Se encuentran las Sociedades Graneros y Elevadores Argentinos de Balnearia, de Belgrado, de Alejandro, etc.



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Valores Porcentaje Activas Canceladas % de coop. absolutos Canceladas 218 18,89 164 54 24,77

Santa Fe

177

15,34

129

48

27,12

Córdoba

141

12,22

70

71

50,35

Tucumán

84

7,28

78

6

7,14

Entre Ríos

72

6,24

48

24

33,33

462

40,03

378

84

18,18

1154

100

867

287

Resto de las pcias. TOTAL

Fuente: Elaboración propia en base a I.N.A.E.S., 2001.

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27 Tras la liquidación de la JNG, el Secretario de Agricultura Felipe Solá, a instancias del Presidente Carlos Menem, analizó la posibilidad de reabrir los registros de exportaciones sin más restricción que el volumen cosechado, con el objetivo de fortalecer los precios del trigo en el mercado interno a través de la puja entre exportadores y molinos harineros (a causa de la ausencia de la JNG). El justificativo a la medida era que “si las ventas de trigo al exterior cubren entre el 80 y el 90% de la producción total, su correlato será la falta de materia prima para la molienda de trigo destinada al mercado interno. La solución no admite demasiadas variantes: o se importa trigo o se comerá “pan negro”” (Clarín, 28 de octubre de 1991). A su vez se otorgarían créditos a la industria molinera, puesto que sin esa ayuda la puja está definida a favor de los exportadores antes de comenzar.



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Evolución de la producción siderúrgica, 1970-2000 (miles de toneladas)

5.000,0 4.500,0 4.000,0 3.500,0 3.000,0 2.500,0 2.000,0 1.500,0 1.000,0 500,0 1970

1980

1990

Hierro primario

Acero Crudo

Laminados terminados en caliente

Planos laminados en frío

2000

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6L VH GHVJORVD OD LQIRUPDFLyQ DQWHULRU VREUH ODPLQDGRV HQ SODQRV SURGXFLGRV SRU 6LGHUDU  7HFKLQW  \ QR SODQRV SURGXFLGRV SRU $FLQGDU  VH SXHGH YHU HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GHVLJXDO GH ORV VHFWRUHVHOUHWUDVRHQHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHORVQRSODQRV\ODWULSOLFDFLyQGHODSURGXFFLyQGHORVDFHURV SODQRV GHVGH HO PRPHQWR GH OD SULYDWL]DFLyQ &DEH UHFRUGDU TXH HO GDWR LQFOX\H D ORV WXERV VLQ FRVWXUDSULQFLSDOFRPRGLWLHVVLGHU~UJLFRH[SRUWDGRSRU7HFKLQW *UiILFRQUR (YROXFLyQGHODSURGXFFLyQGHODPLQDGRVHQFDOLHQWH (QWRQHODGDV  Producción de laminados en caliente. 1970-2000 en toneladas 2,500.0 2,000.0 1,500.0 1,000.0 500.0 1970

1980 No planos

1990

2000

Planos

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9,/26()(&726'(/$35,9$7,=$&,Ð162%5((/(03/(2 /$'(6758&&,Ð1'(38(6726'(75$%$-2 /D HPSUHVD HVWDWDO GH DFHURV FRQWDED HQ  FRQ DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  WUDEDMDGRUHV SHUWHQHFLHQWHVDGLVWLQWDVFDWHJRUtDVHVWDFDQWLGDGGHWUDEDMDGRUHVVHKDEtDPDQWHQLGRPiVRPHQRV HVWDEOH GXUDQWH WRGD OD GpFDGD GHO RFKHQWD /D HPSUHVD IXH LQWHUYHQLGD SRU HO (VWDGR HQ  \ FRPHQ]y HO SURFHVR GH GHVSLGR PDVLYR GHO SHUVRQDO HQ HO SULPHU VHPHVWUH GH  FRQ OD LQVWDXUDFLyQHQMXOLRGHHVHDxR GHOSULPHURGHFLQFRSODQHVGHMXELODFLyQYROXQWDULDDQWLFLSDGD 3HxDOED 'XUDQWH 9HU*UiILFR QUR ODFDtGDGHOHPSOHRHQ6RPLVDIXHGHFDVLHO  *UiILFRQUR (YROXFLyQGHORVSXHVWRVGHWUDEDMRHQ6RPLVD 6LGHUDU6$   Evolución de los pue s tos de trabajo e n Som is a/Side rar , 1988-1999

13000 12000 11000 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1987

1986

1985

3000

Fuente: Informe de la Sigep (1985/1990) y Balances de la empresa (1991/1999).

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1994

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del s ec tor

1997

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1999

de Siderar

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Somisa/Siderar (1993)

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Un trabajador de Siderar llama a la empresa el “cementerio privado más grande del país” por todos los muertos, los que se derrumbaron, los matrimonios desechos: fue un verdadero genocidio encubierto” (Hudson, 2002).



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Se redujeron dos puestos de trabajo a uno o se eliminaron divisiones como la de Rieles y Perfiles.



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