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CLIPPING INTERNACIONAL NEGINT Brasília, 27 de abril de 2018
Índice I. OMC _______________________________________________ 2 France ready to review WTO rules if U.S. agree on tariff waiver ___________ 2 China, Russia, Saudi Arabia give EU trade reforms thumbs down at WTO ____ 2 II. NEGOCIAÇÕES REGIONAIS E BILATERAIS _________________ 3 U.S. apple industry concerned about trade disputes with China ____________ 3 NAFTA autos origin rules could hurt U.S. sales and exports: study _________ 5 III. OUTROS ____________________________________________ 6 Comercio México-Brasil puede aumentar hasta 60% si hay TLC ___________ 6 Share of elders in Brazil's population up 18.8 pct _______________________ 8 Brazil's Embraer posts $12 million first-quarter loss _____________________ 9
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I. OMC France ready to review WTO rules if U.S. agree on tariff waiver Reuters (Reino Unido) France’s finance minister said on Friday he was open to discussing with the United States a review of global trade rules but only if Washington exempted the European Union from a rise of steel and aluminum tariffs. U.S. President Donald Trump has threatened an increase of American duties on imports of steel and aluminum from the EU denouncing an excessive trade deficit with its European partners. Bruno Le Maire recognized overcapacity in the two sectors was a global problem but denied the EU was responsible for it, and would react to an unjustified tariff rise from Washington. “The EU has to be ready to take all the appropriate decisions if the American administration decides to raise tariffs on the EU,” he told reporters at a meeting of euro zone finance ministers in Sofia, the Bulgarian capital. In exchange for a permanent waiver for the EU, Le Maire said France was open to rediscuss the multilateral trade system with the U.S and the future of the World Trade Organisation. “We are ready to open a discussion with our American friends on the future of the WTO, on the improvement of the WTO and the whole multilateral trade system,” Le Maire said. “But first of all we have to get rid of that question of new tariffs,” he stressed.
China, Russia, Saudi Arabia give EU trade reforms thumbs down at WTO The News (Paquistão) 2
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The European Union´s new rules against countries dumping cheap goods on its market got a rough ride at a World Trade Organization meeting, where China, Russia and Saudi Arabia led a chorus of disapproval, a trade official said on Thursday. The EU, which is in a major dispute with China about the fairness of Chinese pricing, introduced rules last December that allow it to take into account "significant distortions" in prices caused by government intervention. A Chinese trade official told the WTO´s anti-dumping committee that Beijing had deep concerns about the new methodology, saying it would damage the WTO´s anti-dumping system and increase uncertainty for exporters, an official who attended the meeting said. China argued that the concept of "significant distortion" did not exist under WTO rules, and the EU should base its dumping investigations on domestic prices in countries of origin, such as China. The EU reformed its rules in the hope they would allow it to keep shielding its markets from cheap Chinese imports while fending off a Chinese legal challenge at the WTO. China says that when it joined the WTO in 2001, the other member countries agreed that after 15 years they would treat it as a market economy, taking its prices at face value. But the United States and the EU have refused, saying China still subsidises some industries, such as steel and aluminium, which have massive overcapacity and spew vast supplies onto the world market, making it impossible for others to compete. China is suing both the United States and the EU at the WTO to try to force them to change their rules.
II. NEGOCIAÇÕES REGIONAIS E BILATERAIS U.S. apple industry concerned about trade disputes with China Xinhua (China)
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U.S. Apple Association (USApple) on Thursday expressed concern over U.S. trade disputes with China and other countries, saying escalating tensions will only hurt domestic agricultural producers. At a press event, USApple Secretary Jeff Colombini spoke about the impact of China's retaliatory tariffs on U.S. agricultural commodities, including a 15-percent tariff on apples, which were announced earlier this month in response to Washington's duty proposals on imported Chinese goods. "This is a tremendous concern as China has significant growth potential, because it doesn't grow the many apple varieties we grow and Chinese consumers are excited to experience those unique taste profiles," he told reporters. Colombini warned that the trade dispute will "hurt apple growers' ability to maintain and expand this emerging market," according to a press release of USApple. The U.S. apple industry achieved full access to the Chinese market in 2015, it said, adding that since then, apple exports have grown to 2.5 million boxes per year and China is the apple industry's sixth largest export market. "Trade is critical to the health and future of the entire apple industry," Colombini said, adding that trade barriers will lead to supply issues and impact everyone's bottom line. Thursday's event, held in Acampo, some 620 km north to Los Angeles of California state, was organized by the Farmers for Free Trade, a bipartisan group co-chaired by two former U.S. Senators and supported by many leading agricultural organizations. The Farmers for Free Trade released a research report at the event, saying that apple exports to China could see 8 million U.S. dollars in potential additional duties. Colombini also stressed in his speech the importance of maintaining the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), saying growers have benefitted greatly from NAFTA. "Under the agreement, the apple industry has quadrupled its exports to Mexico and doubled its exports to Canada with combined purchases of nearly 450 million U.S. dollars per year," he said.
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NAFTA autos origin rules could hurt U.S. sales and exports: study Reuters (Reino Unido) U.S. proposals on rules of origin that govern what percentage of a car needs to be built in the NAFTA region to avoid tariffs would hurt American consumers, lead to lower U.S. vehicle sales and hurt U.S. car exports, according to a study released on Thursday. According to the study, compiled by the Michigan-based Center for Automotive Research (CAR), the current proposals on rules of origin for autos could force some U.S. automotive and parts manufacturing to move to lower-cost regions outside North America. In talks to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico, U.S. President Donald Trump’s negotiators initially demanded that North American-built vehicles contain 85 percent content made in NAFTA countries by value, up from 62.5 percent now. But industry officials say that has been cut to 75 percent, with certain components coming from areas that pay higher wages. The rules have become a pivotal issue in talks on overhauling the 24-year-old trade pact. Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland said on Wednesday that good progress has been made at NAFTA trade talks on the key issue of auto rules, though they have been overshadowed by proposed U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs coming into force next week. Setting “very stringent” rules of origin “with the goal of bringing manufacturing back to the United States and the NAFTA region could have the opposite effect if the content targets are set too high, or the rules are too onerous,” the study says. CAR estimates that tariffs on vehicles that fail to meet the proposed new rules of origin would mean a minimum tax of between $2.1 billion and $3.8 billion on U.S. consumers and if manufacturers passed on the entire cost it could reduce annual vehicle sales by up to 150,000 units.
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The study states that the United States currently exports 2.4 million vehicles annually, which represents just over a fifth of U.S. production. “The U.S. proposal would raise the cost of production, incur tariffs on U.S. vehicle exports that do not meet the higher NAFTA content threshold and result in fewer U.S. vehicle exports,” the study says. CAR also says in the study the proposal is aimed at boosting U.S. and NAFTA automotive production capacity, but the U.S. market is not growing to support new capacity. “Global overcapacity poses financial risks to the companies, and automakers and suppliers are cautious about investment decisions since overcapacity compounded the industry’s financial problems in the recent recession,” the study says.
III. OUTROS Comercio México-Brasil puede aumentar hasta 60% si hay TLC Forbes (México) El comercio entre México y Brasil es de alrededor de 10,000 millones de dólares (mdd) en promedio anualmente. No obstante, éste puede aumentar entre 50% y 60% en el caso de que ambos países firmen un Tratado de Libre Comercio, estima el presidente de la Cámara de Comercio México-Brasil (Camebra), Miguel Ruiz. Ruiz considera que si la relación comercial mejora, Brasil puede convertirse en el quinto socio comercial de México. Para el presidente de la Camebra, los principales factores que no han permitido la firma de una TLC entre México y Brasil son: la competencia entre ambos países y que la relación comercial de México que está abocada hacia Norteamérica.
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Una muestra de la competencia entre ambos países se puede ver en el sector petrolero, debido a que las dos naciones están promoviendo sus aguas profundas para que grandes empresas petroleras lleguen. “Ambos son atractivos. Ambos tienen potencial”, dijo Wael Sawan, vicepresidente ejecutivo de aguas profundas de Shell. “Tenemos como compañía recursos escasos de capital para poder hacer las inversiones que requieren en particular los proyectos en aguas profundas”, agregó. Durante el sexenio del expresidente Vicente Fox, México enfocó su comercio hacia Estados Unidos, mientras que Brasil comenzó a estrechar sus lazos con el Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur). Para muestra un botón: el 82% de las exportaciones de México van hacia el vecino país del norte. El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) destacó que, en 2017, las exportaciones del Mercosur crecieron 13.8% tras caer 2% en 2016. El comercio intrazona, en tanto, subió aún más, hasta 16.4% durante el primer semestre, evidencia de la buena sintonía entre los socios y un crecimiento promedio de sus PIB de 2.8%. Actualmente, México y Brasil tienen el Acuerdo de Complementación Económica número 53 (ACE 53). En agosto de 2017, las autoridades comerciales mexicanas y brasileñas avanzaron
en
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servicios,
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profundización de niveles de preferencia que se tienen en el actual ACE 53, reglas de origen, facilitación del comercio, así como el fortalecimiento a las reglas de comercio internacional. Otros de los problemas que no permiten llevar a buen puerto esta relación es que no hay una promoción comercial constante entre ambos países, así como a la barrera del idioma, señala Ruiz. Inversión extranjera, un punto a favor en la relación Inversionistas de los países están interesados en poner su dinero en proyectos de gran calado. Una muestra de ello es que durante el mes de mayo 50 empresas brasileñas vendrán a México para el evento “Brasil Tecnológico” para que se creen alianza con empresas mexicanas. El objetivo es que las compañías brasileñas inviertan en el sector 7
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automotriz, genético y tecnologías de la información, adelanta Miguel Ruiz a Forbes México. En este mismo sentido, el presidente de la Cámara de Comercio México-Brasil comenta que empresas mexicanas del sector aeroespacial irán a Brasil durante el mes de junio, ya que cuatro aeroclusters podrían atender las necesidades de la empresa brasileña Embraer. Ante este panorama, Ruiz comenta que el objetivo es que se busquen nuevas oportunidades de negocio debido a que de los 10,000 mdd de la relación comercial México-Brasil, el 55% es del sector automotriz. México
tiene
invertido
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telecomunicaciones que es liderado por Carlos Slim con Claro, así como en el sector alimenticio con inversiones por parte de FEMSA y Bimbo. Entre las nuevas adquisiciones, está la realizada por Alpek en la compra de una empresa petroquímica que se llama Petroquímicas Suape. La inversión de Brasil en México está en el rango de los 30,000 mdd a 25, 00 mdd. La inversión más visible por parte del país sudamericano en México está relacionada con la planta Etileno XXI en Veracruz y que tuvo una inversión de alrededor de 5,600 mdd. Otras de las inversiones de Brasil en México es la que hizo la empresa brasileña-belga Anheuser-Busch InBev al comprar a Grupo Modelo por un monto de 20,100 mdd en 2013.
Share of elders in Brazil's population up 18.8 pct Xinhua (China) The share of people aged 60 and above in Brazil's population rose 18.8 percent from 2012 to 2017, the country's official statistics agency IBGE said Thursday.
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According to an IBGE study, the number of aged people grew from 25.4 million to 30.2 million in the five-year period. Put in percentage terms, it expanded from 12.8 percent of the total population in 2012 to 14.6 percent. IBGE data also suggested that Brazil's total population rose 4.2 percent from 2012 to 2017, jumping from 198.7 million to 207.1 million. The 169 million women make up 56 percent of the overall population, the data showed. IBGE analyst Maria Lucia Vieira said Brazil's population is aging in general, whose reasons include a rising life expectancy and the decline in birth rates. A census showed the proportion of children aged nine or younger slid by 3.6 percent, from 14.1 percent of the population in 2012 to 12.9 percent in 2017.
Brazil's Embraer posts $12 million first-quarter loss Reuters (Reino Unido) Embraer SA (EMBR3.SA), the world’s third-largest commercial planemaker, reported a first-quarter net loss of $12.3 million, compared to a net profit of $53.2 million a year earlier. The Brazilian planemaker said in a securities filing on Friday that earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) fell 26 percent to $89.5 million.
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