INGLÉS Junio 2001 INSTRUCCIONES GENERALES Y VALORACIÓN TIEMPO: 1 hora y 30 minutos INSTRUCCIONES: 1. Lea todo el texto cuidadosamente 2. Lea atentamente todas las preguntas de la prueba. 3. Proceda a responder en lengua inglesa a las preguntas en el papel de examen. PUNTUACIÓN: La puntuación máxima de la prueba es de 10 puntos.

Abuse of Antibiotics Among the things that people in industrialized countries today take for granted is that we will not die of a sorethroat or infected scratch from a rosebush. Effective protection provided by antibiotics and other microbekillers was not available 50 years ago, and a new report from the WHO* warns that if we continue current practices, such protection will not be available 50 years from now. Drugs lose effectiveness because the microbes they fight become resistant. This natural process has been accelerated by human misuse of medicine. In poor countries the biggest problem is that people under use drugs. They cannot afford a complete course of treatment, or take weaker and cheaper drugs. This kills off only the susceptible from of microbes, allowing the more resistant versions to remain and dominate. In wealthy countries the problem is the opposite. Drug resistance has soared because antibiotics are over prescribed, used even when they are no good at all –for example, to fight colds. In addition, half of all antibiotics are produced for animal use, and the resistant microbes that they create can spread to humans. Developed nations must drastically reduce antibiotic usage. The easiest place to start is to reduce the use of antibiotics to fatten animals. Patient education is also critical. Doctors need to resist demands for antibiotics from patients with colds. Most people alive today do not remember a world without anti-microbial agents, when the possibility of death lurked in every cough or upset stomach. If we do not reform our use of medicines, this is the world we might bequeath to our children. *World Health Organization

QUESTIONS 1.

Are the following sentences TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.

a) TRUE “....In poor countries the biggest problem............They can not afford a complete course of treatment......” TO AFFORD : permitirse, poder pagar b) TRUE “....Developed nations must drastically reduce antibiotic ussage”. 2.

In your own words and baseb on the ideas from the text, answer the following questions.

a)

Because everybody thinks that we are protected by medicines and specially by antibiotics.

b) We can contribute to preserve their effectiveness if we ask for antibiotics only when it is necessary and diseases are serious enough for taking them. 3.

Find the words or phrases in the text that mean: a) b) c) d)

a small cut (paragraph 1) scratch survive (paragraph 2) remain increased (paragraph 3) soared leave (paragraph 4) bequeath

Autora: Elena Gomez Godoy Diplomada Superior de la Escuela Oficial de Idiomas

4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate from of the word in brackets when given. a)

Some new anti-microbial soaps for domestic use contribute to drug resistance by killing only weak bacteria. b) Diseases that have once been easily cured are now stronger to their medicines. c) Children should be vaccinated against infectious diseases. d) People have lived in a world with antibiotics for fifty years. Aquí hemos de recordar ciertas reglas de gramática importantes como son: - No olvidar que tras una preposición siempre tenemos que poner el verbo en gerundio - Tener en cuenta que es muy probable que nos estén pidiendo un verbo modal si lo que viene detrás es un infinitivo sin “to” (frase c) - Recordemos que las frases comparativas son muy frecuentes en este ejercicio: en estos casos veréis que la palabra entre paréntesis es un adjetivo. 5.- Write about 100 to 150 words on ONE of the following topics. a) How different would life in a world without antibiotics be from life today? Explain. In general it is difficult to imagine how could we deal with all the symptoms and problems with our health. On one hand, having antibiotics we can feel better as soon as we take them because they can be really effective. Also, day by day scientists keep on researching to find new antibiotics to fight against all the diseases. On the other hand, all these sustances and drugs are not healthy when we use them frequently so if we had not them we would look for new options such as natural sustances, plants and good habits to maintain a good health. However, it is possible that some serious diseases could be a great danger for people as it was many years ago when many people died because there was no solution to very simple symptoms. In my opinion, antibiotics are not the only thing for health so we can use other more natural alternatives which would help us to be stronger and not to depend on drugs. (la primera frase subrayada es una condicional que explica lo que podríamos hacer si no tuviéramos antibióticos: el would convierte al verbo LOOK FOR= buscar, al tiempo condicional= buscaríamos. El verbo DEPEND siempre se construye con la preposición ON)

b) Should antibiotics be available without a doctor’s prescription? Discuss and support your arguments. Para este tema, recomiendo aportar argumentos a favor y en contra, de forma organizada y clara: siempre nos dará puntos hacerlo. Siempre es adecuado empezar con una breve introducción. Junto a ideas generales, es interesante mostrar que hablamos de nuestra propia opinión. The issue of being free to buy antibiotics without visiting any doctor is very dangerous because people in general do not have the enough information about the correct use of these sustances. From my point of view, only professionals in health such as doctors can decide when somebody should take antibiotics and what sort of them are the best for the treatment in that moment. Besides, there is some danger having antibiotics without a doctor’s prescription because many people need taking medicines all the time and it is possible to become an addict to them if there is not any control. To conclude, I believe that people’s health is an important issue so it is necessary that doctors take care of us and give us some advice about medicines and antibiotics. – –

La palabra ISSUE significa tema , asunto, y es bastante útil a la hora de redactar. BESIDES significa , además y es útil para añadir un nuevo argumento.

Autora: Elena Gomez Godoy Diplomada Superior de la Escuela Oficial de Idiomas